试验任务1
task1.cpp源码
// 标准库string, vector, array基础用法
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <array>
// 函数模板
// 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用范围for输出
template<typename T>
void output1(const T &obj) {
for(auto i: obj)
std::cout << i << ", ";
std::cout << "\b\b \n";
}
// 函数模板
// 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用迭代器输出
template<typename T>
void output2(const T &obj) {
for(auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p)
std::cout << *p << ", ";
std::cout << "\b\b \n";
}
// array模板类基础用法
void test_array() {
using namespace std;
array<int, 5> x1; // 创建一个array对象，包含5个int元素，未初始化
cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数
x1.fill(42); // 把x1的所有元素都用42填充
x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素值修改为999
x1[4] = -999; // 把下表为4的元素值修改为-999
cout << "x1: ";
output1(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
cout << "x1: ";
output2(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
array<int, 5> x2(x1);
cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x2) << endl;
x2.fill(22);
cout << "x2: ";
output1(x2);
swap(x1, x2); // 交换array对象x1, x2
cout << "x1: ";
output1(x1);
cout << "x2: ";
output1(x2);
}
// vector模板类基础用法
void test_vector() {
using namespace std;
vector<int> v1;
cout << v1.size() << endl; // 输出目前元素个数
cout << v1.max_size() << endl; // 输出元素个数之最大可能个数
v1.push_back(55); // 在v1末尾插入元素
cout << "v1: ";
output1(v1);
vector<int> v2 {1, 0, 5, 2};
v2.pop_back(); // 从v2末尾弹出一个元素
v2.erase(v2.begin()); // 删除v2.begin()位置的数据项
v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999); // 在v1.begin()之前的位置插入
v2.insert(v2.end(), -999); // 在v1.end()之前的位置插入
cout << v2.size() << endl;
cout << "v2: ";
output2(v2);
vector<int> v3(5, 42); //创建vector对象，包含5个元素，每个元素值都是42
cout << "v3: ";
output1(v3);
vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end()-2); // 创建vector对象，以v3对象的[v3.begin(), v3.end()-2)区间作为元素值
cout << "v4: ";
output1(v4);
}
// string类基础用法
void test_string() {
using namespace std;
string s1{"oop"};
cout << s1.size() << endl;
for(auto &i: s1)
i -= 32;
s1 += "2023";
s1.append(", hello");
cout << s1 << endl;
}
int main() {
using namespace std;
cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
test_array();
cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
test_vector();
cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl;
test_string();
}
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实验任务2
task2.cpp源码：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3
4 // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex
5 void test_std_complex(){
6 using namespace std;
7
8 complex<double> c1{3, 4}, c2{4.5};
9 const complex<double> c3{c2};
10
11 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
12 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
13 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
14 cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << "," << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag() << endl;
15
16 cout << "c1 +c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
17 cout << "c1 -c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
18 cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; //abs()是标准库数学模板，对复数取模
19
20 cout << boolalpha; //设置bool型值以true/false方式输出
21 cout << "c1 == c2: " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
22 cout << "c3 == c2: " << (c3 == c2) << endl;
23
24 complex<double> c4 = 2;
25 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
26 c4 += c1;
27 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
28
29 }
30
31 int main(){
32 test_std_complex();
33 }
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实验任务3
task3.cpp源码：
1 // 一个简单的类T：定义、使用
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 #include <string>
5
6 using namespace std;
7
8 // 类T的声明
9 class T {
10 public:
11 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); //带有默认形值的构造函数
12 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
13 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
14 ~T(); // 析构函数
15
16 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1
17 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1
18 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2
19 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息
20
21 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数
22
23 private:
24 int m1, m2;
25
26 public:
27 static void display_count(); // 类方法，显示当前T类对象数目
28
29 public:
30 static const string doc; // 类属性，用于描述T类
31 static const int max_count; // 类属性，用于描述T类对象的上限
32
33 private:
34 static int count; // 类属性，用于描述当前T类对象数目
35 };
36
37 // 类的static数据成员: 类外初始化
38 const string T::doc{"a simple class"};
39 const int T::max_count = 99;
40 int T::count = 0;
41
42 // 类T的实现
43 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
44 ++count;
45 cout << "constructor called.\n";
46 }
47
48 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2}{
49 ++count;
50 cout << "copy constructor called.\n";
51 }
52
53 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2}{
54 ++count;
55 cout << "move constructor called.\n";
56 }
57
58 T::~T(){
59 --count;
60 cout << "destructor called.\n";
61 }
62
63 void T::set_m1(int x) {
64 m1 = x;
65 }
66
67 int T::get_m1() const {
68 return m1;
69 }
70
71 int T::get_m2() const {
72 return m2;
73 }
74
75 void T::display() const {
76 cout << m1 << "," << m2 << endl;
77 }
78
79 // 类方法
80 void T::display_count() {
81 cout << "T objects:" << count << endl;
82 }
83
84 // 友元函数func(): 实现
85 void func(){
86 T t1;
87 t1.set_m1(55);
88 t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员，依然可以直接访问
89 t1.display();
90 }
91
92 // 测试
93 void test(){
94 cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl;
95 cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl;
96 T::display_count();
97
98 T t1;
99 t1.display();
100 t1.set_m1(42);
101
102 T t2{t1};
103 t2.display();
104
105 T t3{std::move(t1)};
106 t3.display();
107 t1.display();
108
109 T::display_count();
110 }
111
112 // 主函数
113 int main(){
114 cout << "============测试类T============" << endl;
115 test();
116 cout << endl;
117
118 cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl;
119 func();
120 }
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实验任务4
task4.cpp源码：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3 #include <iomanip>
4
5 using namespace std;
6
7 // 矩形类Rect的定义
8 class Rect {
9 public:
10 Rect();
11 Rect(int l, int w);
12 Rect( const Rect &x);
13
14 double len();
15 double wide();
16 double area();
17 double circumference();
18 void resize(double times);
19 void resize(double l_times, double w_times);
20 static string doc;
21 static int size_info() {
22 return count;
23 }
24
25 ~Rect() {
26 count--;
27 };
28
29 private:
30 double length, width;
31 static int count;
32 };
33
34 Rect::Rect() {
35 length = 2.0;
36 width = 1.0;
37 count++;
38 }
39 Rect::Rect(int l, int w) {
40 length = l;
41 width = w;
42 count++;
43 }
44 Rect::Rect(const Rect &r) {
45 length = r.length;
46 width = r.width;
47 count++;
48 }
49 double Rect::len() {
50 return length;
51 }
52 double Rect::wide() {
53 return width;
54 }
55 double Rect::area() {
56 return length * width;
57 }
58 double Rect::circumference() {
59 return 2*(length + width);
60 }
61 void Rect::resize(double times) {
62 length *= times;
63 width *=times;
64 }
65 void Rect::resize(double l_times, double w_times) {
66 length *= l_times;
67 width *= w_times;
68 }
69
70 int Rect::count = 0;
71 string Rect::doc = "a simple Rect class";
72
73 // 普通函数：输出矩形信息
74 void output(const Rect &r) {
75 Rect a = r;
76 cout << "矩形信息: " << endl;
77 cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // 控制输出格式: 以浮点数形式输出，小数部分保留两位
78 cout << "长：" << a.len() << endl;
79 cout << "宽: " << a.wide() << endl;
80 cout << "面积: " << a.area()<< endl;
81 cout << "周长: " << a.circumference() << endl;
82 }
83
84 // 测试代码
85 void test(){
86 cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl;
87 cout << "当前矩阵对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
88 Rect r1;
89 output(r1);
90
91 Rect r2(4, 3);
92 output(r2);
93
94 Rect r3(r2);
95 r3.resize(2);
96 output(r3);
97 r3.resize(5, 2);
98 output(r3);
99 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
100 }
101 // 主函数
102 int main(){
103 test();
104 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
105 }
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实验任务5
task5.cpp源码：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <cmath>
3
4 class Complex{
5 public:
6 Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0){
7 real = r;
8 imag = i;
9 }
10 Complex(const Complex &c){
11 real = c.real;
12 imag = c.imag;
13 }
14 double get_real() const{
15 return real;
16 }
17 double get_imag() const{
18 return imag;
19 }
20 void add(const Complex &c){
21 real += c.get_real();
22 imag += c.get_imag();
23 }
24 void show(){
25 std::cout << real;
26 if (imag>0) std::cout << "+" << abs(imag) << "i";
27 if (imag<0) std::cout << "-" << abs(imag) << "i";
28 }
29 void show() const{
30 std::cout << real;
31 if (imag>0) std::cout << "+" << abs(imag) << "i";
32 if (imag<0) std::cout << "-" << abs(imag) << "i";
33 }
34 friend Complex add(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
35 friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
36 friend double abs(const Complex &c);
37
38 private:
39 double real;
40 double imag;
41 };
42
43 Complex add(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2){
44 double r, i;
45 r = c1.get_real() + c2.get_real();
46 i = c1.get_imag() + c2.get_imag();
47 Complex c(r, i);
48 return c;
49 }
50 bool is_equal(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2){
51 bool r, i;
52 r = c1.get_real() == c2.get_real();
53 i = c1.get_imag() == c2.get_imag();
54 return r && i;
55 }
56 double abs(const Complex &c){
57 return sqrt(pow(c.get_real(), 2) + pow(c.get_imag(), 2));
58 }
59
60 // 复数类Complex: 测试
61 void test() {
62 using namespace std;
63
64 Complex c1(3, -4);
65 const Complex c2(4.5);
66 Complex c3(c1);
67
68 cout << "c1 = ";
69 c1.show();
70 cout << endl;
71
72 cout << "c2 = ";
73 c2.show();
74 cout << endl;
75 cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
76
77 cout << "c3 = ";
78 c3.show();
79 cout << endl;
80
81 cout << "abs(c1) = ";
82 cout << abs(c1) << endl;
83
84 cout << boolalpha;
85 cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
86 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
87
88 Complex c4;
89 c4 = add(c1, c2);
90 cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
91 c4.show();
92 cout <<endl;
93
94 c1.add(c2);
95 cout << " c1 += c2, " << " c1 = ";
96 c1.show();
97 cout << endl;
98 }
99
100 int main(){
101 test();
102 }
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运行测试结果：
标签：const,cout,int,double,void,实验,Rect From： https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaochengli/p/17761772.html