1131 Subway Map

题目：

In the big cities, the subway systems always look so complex to the visitors. To give you some sense, the following figure shows the map of Beijing subway. Now you are supposed to help people with your computer skills! Given the starting position of your user, your task is to find the quickest way to his/her destination.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains a positive integer N (≤ 100), the number of subway lines. Then N lines follow, with the i-th (i=1,⋯,N) line describes the i-th subway line in the format:

M S[1] S[2] ... S[M]

where M (≤ 100) is the number of stops, and S[i]'s (i=1,⋯,M) are the indices of the stations (the indices are 4-digit numbers from 0000 to 9999) along the line. It is guaranteed that the stations are given in the correct order -- that is, the train travels between S[i] and S[i+1] (i=1,⋯,M−1) without any stop.

Note: It is possible to have loops, but not self-loop (no train starts from S and stops at S without passing through another station). Each station interval belongs to a unique subway line. Although the lines may cross each other at some stations (so called "transfer stations"), no station can be the conjunction of more than 5 lines.

After the description of the subway, another positive integer K (≤ 10) is given. Then K lines follow, each gives a query from your user: the two indices as the starting station and the destination, respectively.

The following figure shows the sample map.

Note: It is guaranteed that all the stations are reachable, and all the queries consist of legal station numbers.

Output Specification:

For each query, first print in a line the minimum number of stops. Then you are supposed to show the optimal path in a friendly format as the following:

Take Line#X1 from S1 to S2.
Take Line#X2 from S2 to S3.
......

where Xi's are the line numbers and Si's are the station indices. Note: Besides the starting and ending stations, only the transfer stations shall be printed.

If the quickest path is not unique, output the one with the minimum number of transfers, which is guaranteed to be unique.

Sample Input:

4
7 1001 3212 1003 1204 1005 1306 7797
9 9988 2333 1204 2006 2005 2004 2003 2302 2001
13 3011 3812 3013 3001 1306 3003 2333 3066 3212 3008 2302 3010 3011
4 6666 8432 4011 1306
3
3011 3013
6666 2001
2004 3001

Sample Output:

2
Take Line#3 from 3011 to 3013.
10
Take Line#4 from 6666 to 1306.
Take Line#3 from 1306 to 2302.
Take Line#2 from 2302 to 2001.
6
Take Line#2 from 2004 to 1204.
Take Line#1 from 1204 to 1306.
Take Line#3 from 1306 to 3001.

题目大意：找出一条路线，使得对任何给定的起点和终点，可以找出中途经停站最少的路线；如果经停站一样多，则取需要换乘线路次数最少的路线～

思路：

1、使用dfs遍历所有可能的路径，找到满足条件的路径存储在vector容器变量tempPath中（路径问题的常规思路）

2、line[10000][10000]表示两个站点之间的路径是几号线，但是考虑到内存会超限，将line换成了unordered_map<int, int> line存储的方式，第一个int用来存储线路，每次将前四位存储第一个站点编号，后四位存储第二个站点编号，使用a[i-1]*10000+a[i]的方式存储，第二个int用来保存两个相邻中间的线路是几号线（降低维度防止内存溢出的方法）

代码：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
vector<int>path, tempPath;
vector<int>v[10005];
unordered_map<int, int> line;
bool visit[10005] = {0};
int minCnt, minTransfer, start, end1;
int transferCnt(vector<int> a){
    int cnt = -1, preline = 0;
    for(int w= 1; w < a.size(); w++){
        if(line[a[w - 1] * 10000 + a[w]] != preline) cnt++;
        preline = line[a[w - 1] * 10000 + a[w]];
    }
    return cnt;
}
void dfs(int node, int cnt){
    if(node == end1 && (cnt < minCnt || (cnt == minCnt && transferCnt(tempPath) < minTransfer))){
        minCnt = cnt;
        minTransfer = transferCnt(tempPath);
        path = tempPath;
    }
    if(node == end1) return;
    for(int i = 0; i < v[node].size(); i++){
        if(visit[v[node][i]] == 0){
            visit[v[node][i]] = 1;
            tempPath.push_back(v[node][i]);
            dfs(v[node][i], cnt + 1);
            visit[v[node][i]] = 0;
            tempPath.pop_back();
        }
    }
}
int main(){
    int n, m, k, pre, temp;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
        scanf("%d%d", &m, &pre);
        for(int j = 1; j < m; j++){
            scanf("%d", &temp);
            v[pre].push_back(temp);
            v[temp].push_back(pre);
            line[pre * 10000 + temp] = line[temp * 10000 + pre] = i + 1;
            pre = temp;
        }
    }
    scanf("%d", &k);
    for(int i = 0; i < k; i++){
        scanf("%d%d", &start, &end1);
        minCnt = 99999, minTransfer = 99999;
        tempPath.clear();
        tempPath.push_back(start);
        visit[start] = 1;
        dfs(start, 0);
        visit[start] = 0;
        printf("%d\n", minCnt);
        int preLine = 0, preTransfer = start;
        for(int j = 1; j < path.size(); j++){
            if(line[path[j - 1] * 10000 + path[j]] != preLine){
                if(preLine != 0) printf("Take Line#%d from %04d to %04d.\n", preLine, preTransfer, path[j - 1]);
                preLine = line[path[j -1] * 10000 + path[j]];
                preTransfer = path[j - 1];
            }
        }
        printf("Take Line#%d from %04d to %04d.\n", preLine, preTransfer, end1);
    }
    return 0;
}