Kubernetes三主两从集群搭建

安装前必读

请不要使用带中文的服务器和克隆的虚拟机

生产环境建议使用二进制安装方式

请将该文档复制一份，然后进行更改安装，并记录每一个步骤的返回信息，有问题可以直接发送部署文档进行问答，解决更加迅

kubeadm高可用安装k8s集群最新版

基本环境配置

Kubeadm安装方式自1.14版本以后，安装方法几乎没有任何变化，此文档可以尝试安装最新的k8s集群，centos采用的是7.x版本

K8S官网：https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/

最新版高可用安装：https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/high-availability/

表1-1 高可用Kubernetes集群规划

VIP（虚拟IP）不要和公司内网IP重复，首先去ping一下，不通才可用。VIP需要和主机在同一个局域网内！

公有云上搭建VIP是公有云的负载均衡的IP，比如阿里云的内网SLB的地址，腾讯云内网ELB的地址

所有节点配置hosts，修改/etc/hosts如下：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts

192.168.0.107 k8s-master01

192.168.0.108 k8s-master02

192.168.0.109 k8s-master03
192.168.0.236 k8s-master-lb # 如果不是高可用集群，该IP为Master01的IP

192.168.0.110 k8s-node01

192.168.0.111 k8s-node02

CentOS 7安装yum源如下：

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

[kubernetes]

name=Kubernetes

baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/

enabled=1

gpgcheck=1

repo_gpgcheck=1

gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

EOF

sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

必备工具安装

yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y

所有节点关闭防火墙、selinux、dnsmasq、swap。服务器配置如下：

systemctl disable --now firewalld

systemctl disable --now dnsmasq

systemctl disable --now NetworkManager

setenforce 0

sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config

关闭swap分区

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0

sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab

安装ntpdate

rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm

yum install ntpdate -y

所有节点同步时间。时间同步配置如下：

ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone

ntpdate time2.aliyun.com

# 加入到crontab

*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com

所有节点配置limit：

ulimit -SHn 65535

vim /etc/security/limits.conf

# 末尾添加如下内容

* soft nofile 655360

* hard nofile 131072

* soft nproc 655350

* hard nproc 655350

* soft memlock unlimited

* hard memlock unlimited

Master01节点免密钥登录其他节点，安装过程中生成配置文件和证书均在Master01上操作，集群管理也在Master01上操作，阿里云或者AWS上需要单独一台kubectl服务器。密钥配置如下：

ssh-keygen -t rsa

for i in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done

下载安装所有的源码文件：

cd /root/ ; git clone https://github.com/dotbalo/k8s-ha-install.git

所有节点升级系统并重启，此处升级没有升级内核，下节会单独升级内核：

yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot #CentOS7需要升级，CentOS8可以按需升级系统

内核配置

CentOS7 需要升级内核至4.18+，本地升级的版本为4.19

在master01节点下载内核：(购买架构师课程的可以从百度网盘下载)

cd /root

wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm

从master01节点传到其他节点：

for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do scp kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm $i:/root/ ; done

所有节点安装内核

cd /root && yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*

所有节点更改内核启动顺序

grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg

grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"

检查默认内核是不是4.19

[root@k8s-master02 ~]# grubby --default-kernel

/boot/vmlinuz-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

所有节点重启，然后检查内核是不是4.19

[root@k8s-master02 ~]# uname -a

Linux k8s-master02 4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 21 11:06:36 EST 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

所有节点安装ipvsadm：

yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y

所有节点配置ipvs模块，在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack， 4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可：

modprobe -- ip_vs

modprobe -- ip_vs_rr

modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr

modprobe -- ip_vs_sh

modprobe -- nf_conntrack

vim /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
# 加入以下内容

ip_vs

ip_vs_lc

ip_vs_wlc

ip_vs_rr

ip_vs_wrr

ip_vs_lblc

ip_vs_lblcr

ip_vs_dh

ip_vs_sh

ip_vs_fo

ip_vs_nq

ip_vs_sed

ip_vs_ftp

ip_vs_sh

nf_conntrack

ip_tables

ip_set

xt_set

ipt_set

ipt_rpfilter

ipt_REJECT

ipip

然后执行systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service即可

开启一些k8s集群中必须的内核参数，所有节点配置k8s内核：

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1

fs.may_detach_mounts = 1

vm.overcommit_memory=1

vm.panic_on_oom=0

fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100

fs.file-max=52706963

fs.nr_open=52706963

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15

net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680

net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384

net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536

net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0

net.core.somaxconn = 16384

EOF

sysctl --system

所有节点配置完内核后，重启服务器，保证重启后内核依旧加载

reboot

lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

---

基本组件安装

本节主要安装的是集群中用到的各种组件，比如Docker-ce、Kubernetes各组件等。

所有节点安装Docker-ce 19.03

yum install docker-ce-19.03.* -y

温馨提示：

由于新版kubelet建议使用systemd，所以可以把docker的CgroupDriver改成systemd

mkdir /etc/docker

cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF

{

"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]

}

EOF

所有节点设置开机自启动Docker：

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker

安装k8s组件：

yum list kubeadm.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r

所有节点安装最新版本kubeadm：

yum install kubeadm -y

默认配置的pause镜像使用gcr.io仓库，国内可能无法访问，所以这里配置Kubelet使用阿里云的pause镜像：

cat >/etc/sysconfig/kubelet<<EOF

KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.2"

EOF

设置Kubelet开机自启动：

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable --now kubelet

高可用组件安装

（注意：如果不是高可用集群，haproxy和keepalived无需安装）

公有云要用公有云自带的负载均衡，比如阿里云的SLB，腾讯云的ELB，用来替代haproxy和keepalived，因为公有云大部分都是不支持keepalived的，另外如果用阿里云的话，kubectl控制端不能放在master节点，推荐使用腾讯云，因为阿里云的slb有回环的问题，也就是slb代理的服务器不能反向访问SLB，但是腾讯云修复了这个问题。

所有Master节点通过yum安装HAProxy和KeepAlived：

yum install keepalived haproxy -y

所有Master节点配置HAProxy（详细配置参考HAProxy文档，所有Master节点的HAProxy配置相同）：

[root@k8s-master01 etc]# mkdir /etc/haproxy

[root@k8s-master01 etc]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

global

maxconn 2000

ulimit-n 16384

log 127.0.0.1 local0 err

stats timeout 30s

defaults

log global

mode http

option httplog

timeout connect 5000

timeout client 50000

timeout server 50000

timeout http-request 15s

timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend monitor-in

bind *:33305

mode http

option httplog

monitor-uri /monitor

frontend k8s-master

bind 0.0.0.0:16443

bind 127.0.0.1:16443

mode tcp

option tcplog

tcp-request inspect-delay 5s

default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master

mode tcp

option tcplog

option tcp-check

balance roundrobin

default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100

server k8s-master01 192.168.0.107:6443 check

server k8s-master02 192.168.0.108:6443 check

server k8s-master03 192.168.0.109:6443 check

　所有Master节点配置KeepAlived，配置不一样，注意区分 [root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ，注意每个节点的IP和网卡（interface参数）

Master01节点的配置：

[root@k8s-master01 etc]# mkdir /etc/keepalived

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

router_id LVS_DEVEL

script_user root

enable_script_security

}

vrrp_script chk_apiserver {

script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"

interval 5

weight -5

fall 2

rise 1

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state MASTER

interface ens33

mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.107

virtual_router_id 51

priority 101

advert_int 2

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.0.236

}

track_script {

chk_apiserver

}

}

Master02节点的配置：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

router_id LVS_DEVEL

script_user root

enable_script_security

}

vrrp_script chk_apiserver {

script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"

interval 5

weight -5

fall 2

rise 1

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state BACKUP

interface ens33

mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.108

virtual_router_id 51

priority 100

advert_int 2

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.0.236

}

track_script {

chk_apiserver

}

}

Master03节点的配置：

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {

router_id LVS_DEVEL

script_user root

enable_script_security

}

vrrp_script chk_apiserver {

script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"

interval 5

weight -5

fall 2

rise 1

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state BACKUP

interface ens33

mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.109

virtual_router_id 51

priority 100

advert_int 2

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.0.236

}

track_script {

chk_apiserver

}

}

所有master节点配置KeepAlived健康检查文件：

[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# cat /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

#!/bin/bash

err=0

for k in $(seq 1 3)

do

check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)

if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then

err=$(expr $err + 1)

sleep 1

continue

else

err=0

break

fi

done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then

echo "systemctl stop keepalived"

/usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived

exit 1

else

exit 0

fi

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

启动haproxy和keepalived

[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# systemctl enable --now haproxy

[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived

重要：如果安装了keepalived和haproxy，需要测试keepalived是否是正常的

测试VIP

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ping 192.168.0.236 -c 4

PING 192.168.0.236 (192.168.0.236) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.464 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.062 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.0.236: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms

--- 192.168.0.236 ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3106ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.062/0.163/0.464/0.173 ms

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# telnet 192.168.0.236 16443

Trying 192.168.0.236...

Connected to 192.168.0.236.

Escape character is '^]'.

Connection closed by foreign host.

如果ping不通且telnet没有出现 ] ，则认为VIP不可以，不可在继续往下执行，需要排查keepalived的问题，比如防火墙和selinux，haproxy和keepalived的状态，监听端口等

所有节点查看防火墙状态必须为disable和inactive：systemctl status firewalld

所有节点查看selinux状态，必须为disable：getenforce

master节点查看haproxy和keepalived状态：systemctl status keepalived haproxy

master节点查看监听端口：netstat -lntp

集群初始化

官方初始化文档：

https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/production-environment/tools/kubeadm/high-availability/

Master01节点创建kubeadm-config.yaml配置文件如下：

Master01：（# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，192.168.0.236:16443改为master01的地址，16443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443，注意更改v1.18.5自己服务器kubeadm的版本：kubeadm version）

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2

bootstrapTokens:

- groups:

- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token

token: 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury

ttl: 24h0m0s

usages:

- signing

- authentication

kind: InitConfiguration

localAPIEndpoint:

advertiseAddress: 192.168.0.107

bindPort: 6443

nodeRegistration:

criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock

name: k8s-master01

taints:

- effect: NoSchedule

key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master

---

apiServer:

certSANs:

- 192.168.0.236

timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2

certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki

clusterName: kubernetes

controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.0.236:16443

controllerManager: {}

dns:

type: CoreDNS

etcd:

local:

dataDir: /var/lib/etcd

imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers

kind: ClusterConfiguration

kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0

networking:

dnsDomain: cluster.local

podSubnet: 172.168.0.0/12

serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12

scheduler: {}

更新kubeadm文件

kubeadm config migrate --old-config kubeadm-config.yaml --new-config new.yaml

将new.yaml文件复制到其他master节点，之后所有Master节点提前下载镜像，可以节省初始化时间：

kubeadm config images pull --config /root/new.yaml

所有节点设置开机自启动kubelet

systemctl enable --now kubelet（如果启动失败无需管理，初始化成功以后即可启动）

Master01节点初始化，初始化以后会在/etc/kubernetes目录下生成对应的证书和配置文件，之后其他Master节点加入Master01即可：

kubeadm init --config /root/new.yaml --upload-certs

如果初始化失败，重置后再次初始化，命令如下：

kubeadm reset -f ; ipvsadm --clear ; rm -rf ~/.kube

初始化成功以后，会产生Token值，用于其他节点加入时使用，因此要记录下初始化成功生成的token值（令牌值）：

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.

Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:

https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.236:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \

--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8c92ecb336be2b9372851a9af2c7ca1f7f60c12c68f6ffe1eb513791a1b8a908 \

--control-plane --certificate-key ac2854de93aaabdf6dc440322d4846fc230b290c818c32d6ea2e500fc930b0aa

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!

As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use

"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.0.236:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \

--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8c92ecb336be2b9372851a9af2c7ca1f7f60c12c68f6ffe1eb513791a1b8a908

Master01节点配置环境变量，用于访问Kubernetes集群：

cat <<EOF >> /root/.bashrc

export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

EOF

source /root/.bashrc

查看节点状态：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get nodes

NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION

k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane,master 74s v1.20.0

采用初始化安装方式，所有的系统组件均以容器的方式运行并且在kube-system命名空间内，此时可以查看Pod状态：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE

coredns-777d78ff6f-kstsz 0/1 Pending 0 14m <none> <none>

coredns-777d78ff6f-rlfr5 0/1 Pending 0 14m <none> <none>

etcd-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 14m 192.168.0.107 k8s-master01

kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 13m 192.168.0.107 k8s-master01

kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 13m 192.168.0.107 k8s-master01

kube-proxy-8d4qc 1/1 Running 0 14m 192.168.0.107 k8s-master01

kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 13m 192.168.0.107 k8s-master01

高可用Master

Token过期后生成新的token：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

Master需要生成--certificate-key

kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs

初始化其他master加入集群

kubeadm join 192.168.0.236:16443 --token fgtxr1.bz6dw1tci1kbj977 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:06ebf46458a41922ff1f5b3bc49365cf3dd938f1a7e3e4a8c8049b5ec5a3aaa5 \

--control-plane --certificate-key 03f99fb57e8d5906e4b18ce4b737ce1a055de1d144ab94d3cdcf351dfcd72a8b

Node节点的配置

Node节点上主要部署公司的一些业务应用，生产环境中不建议Master节点部署系统组件之外的其他Pod，测试环境可以允许Master节点部署Pod以节省系统资源。

kubeadm join 192.168.0.236:16443 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \

--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8c92ecb336be2b9372851a9af2c7ca1f7f60c12c68f6ffe1eb513791a1b8a908

所有节点初始化完成后，查看集群状态

[root@k8s-master01]# kubectl get node

NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION

k8s-master01 NotReady control-plane,master 8m53s v1.20.0

k8s-master02 NotReady control-plane,master 2m25s v1.20.0

k8s-master03 NotReady control-plane,master 31s v1.20.0

k8s-node01 NotReady <none> 32s v1.20.0

k8s-node02 NotReady <none> 88s v1.20.0

Calico组件的安装

以下步骤只在master01执行

cd /root/k8s-ha-install && git checkout manual-installation-v1.20.x && cd calico/

修改calico-etcd.yaml的以下位置

sed -i 's#etcd_endpoints: "http://<ETCD_IP>:<ETCD_PORT>"#etcd_endpoints: "https://192.168.0.107:2379,https://192.168.0.108:2379,https://192.168.0.109:2379"#g' calico-etcd.yaml

ETCD_CA=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

ETCD_CERT=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

ETCD_KEY=`cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key | base64 | tr -d '\n'`

sed -i "s@# etcd-key: null@etcd-key: ${ETCD_KEY}@g; s@# etcd-cert: null@etcd-cert: ${ETCD_CERT}@g; s@# etcd-ca: null@etcd-ca: ${ETCD_CA}@g" calico-etcd.yaml

sed -i 's#etcd_ca: ""#etcd_ca: "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"#g; s#etcd_cert: ""#etcd_cert: "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"#g; s#etcd_key: "" #etcd_key: "/calico-secrets/etcd-key" #g' calico-etcd.yaml

POD_SUBNET=`cat /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml | grep cluster-cidr= | awk -F= '{print $NF}'`

# 注意下面的这个步骤是把calico-etcd.yaml文件里面的CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR下的网段改成自己的Pod网段，也就是把192.168.x.x/16改成自己的集群网段，并打开注释：

所以更改的时候请确保这个步骤的这个网段没有被统一替换掉，如果被替换掉了，还请改回来：

sed -i 's@# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@g; s@# value: "192.168.0.0/16"@ value: '"${POD_SUBNET}"'@g' calico-etcd.yaml

kubectl apply -f calico-etcd.yaml

查看容器状态

[root@k8s-master01 calico]# kubectl get po -n kube-system

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

calico-kube-controllers-5f6d4b864b-pwvnb 1/1 Running 0 3m29s

calico-node-5lz9m 1/1 Running 0 3m29s

calico-node-8z4bg 1/1 Running 0 3m29s

calico-node-lmzvf 1/1 Running 0 3m29s

calico-node-mpngv 1/1 Running 0 3m29s

calico-node-vmqsl 1/1 Running 0 3m29s

coredns-54d67798b7-8525g 1/1 Running 0 39m

coredns-54d67798b7-fxs72 1/1 Running 0 39m

etcd-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 39m

etcd-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 33m

etcd-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 31m

kube-apiserver-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 0 39m

kube-apiserver-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 33m

kube-apiserver-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 30m

kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 1 39m

kube-controller-manager-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 33m

kube-controller-manager-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 31m

kube-proxy-hnkmj 1/1 Running 0 39m

kube-proxy-jk4dm 1/1 Running 0 32m

kube-proxy-nbcg2 1/1 Running 0 32m

kube-proxy-qv9k7 1/1 Running 0 32m

kube-proxy-x6xdc 1/1 Running 0 33m

kube-scheduler-k8s-master01 1/1 Running 1 39m

kube-scheduler-k8s-master02 1/1 Running 0 33m

kube-scheduler-k8s-master03 1/1 Running 0 30m

Metrics部署

在新版的Kubernetes中系统资源的采集均使用Metrics-server，可以通过Metrics采集节点和Pod的内存、磁盘、CPU和网络的使用率。

将Master01节点的front-proxy-ca.crt复制到所有Node节点

scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt k8s-node01:/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt

scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt k8s-node(其他节点自行拷贝):/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.crt

安装metrics server

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/metrics-server-0.4.x-kubeadm/

[root@k8s-master01 metrics-server-0.4.x-kubeadm]# kubectl create -f comp.yaml

serviceaccount/metrics-server created

clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created

clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created

rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server-auth-reader created

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server:system:auth-delegator created

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created

service/metrics-server created

deployment.apps/metrics-server created

apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created

查看状态

[root@k8s-master01 metrics-server-0.4.x-kubeadm]# kubectl top node

NAME CPU(cores) CPU% MEMORY(bytes) MEMORY%

k8s-master01 109m 2% 1296Mi 33%

k8s-master02 99m 2% 1124Mi 29%

k8s-master03 104m 2% 1082Mi 28%

k8s-node01 55m 1% 761Mi 19%

k8s-node02 53m 1% 663Mi 17%

Dashboard部署

Dashboard用于展示集群中的各类资源，同时也可以通过Dashboard实时查看Pod的日志和在容器中执行一些命令等。

安装指定版本dashboard

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/dashboard/

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl create -f .

serviceaccount/admin-user created

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created

namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created

serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created

service/kubernetes-dashboard created

secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created

secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created

secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created

configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created

role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created

clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created

rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created

deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created

service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

安装最新版

官方GitHub地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

可以在官方dashboard查看到最新版dashboard

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

创建管理员用户vim admin.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: ServiceAccount

metadata:

name: admin-user

namespace: kube-system

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1

kind: ClusterRoleBinding

metadata:

name: admin-user

annotations:

rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"

roleRef:

apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

kind: ClusterRole

name: cluster-admin

subjects:

- kind: ServiceAccount

name: admin-user

namespace: kube-system

kubectl apply -f admin.yaml -n kube-system

登录dashboard

在谷歌浏览器（Chrome）启动文件中加入启动参数，用于解决无法访问Dashboard的问题，参考图1-1：

--test-type --ignore-certificate-errors

图1-1 谷歌浏览器 Chrome的配置

更改dashboard的svc为NodePort：

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

将ClusterIP更改为NodePort（如果已经为NodePort忽略此步骤）：

查看端口号：

kubectl get svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

根据自己的实例端口号，通过任意安装了kube-proxy的宿主机或者VIP的IP+端口即可访问到dashboard：

访问Dashboard：https://192.168.0.236:18282（请更改18282为自己的端口），选择登录方式为令牌（即token方式），参考图1-2

图1-2 Dashboard登录方式

查看token值：

[root@k8s-master01 1.1.1]# kubectl -n kube-system describe secret $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

Name: admin-user-token-r4vcp

Namespace: kube-system

Labels: <none>

Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user

kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 2112796c-1c9e-11e9-91ab-000c298bf023

Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data

====

ca.crt: 1025 bytes

namespace: 11 bytes

token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLXI0dmNwIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiIyMTEyNzk2Yy0xYzllLTExZTktOTFhYi0wMDBjMjk4YmYwMjMiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZS1zeXN0ZW06YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.bWYmwgRb-90ydQmyjkbjJjFt8CdO8u6zxVZh-19rdlL_T-n35nKyQIN7hCtNAt46u6gfJ5XXefC9HsGNBHtvo_Ve6oF7EXhU772aLAbXWkU1xOwQTQynixaypbRIas_kiO2MHHxXfeeL_yYZRrgtatsDBxcBRg-nUQv4TahzaGSyK42E_4YGpLa3X3Jc4t1z0SQXge7lrwlj8ysmqgO4ndlFjwPfvg0eoYqu9Qsc5Q7tazzFf9mVKMmcS1ppPutdyqNYWL62P1prw_wclP0TezW1CsypjWSVT4AuJU8YmH8nTNR1EXn8mJURLSjINv6YbZpnhBIPgUGk1JYVLcn47w

将token值输入到令牌后，单击登录即可访问Dashboard，参考图1-3：

图1-3 Dashboard页面

一些必须的配置更改

将Kube-proxy改为ipvs模式，因为在初始化集群的时候注释了ipvs配置，所以需要自行修改一下：

在master01节点执行

kubectl edit cm kube-proxy -n kube-system

mode: “ipvs”

更新Kube-Proxy的Pod：

kubectl patch daemonset kube-proxy -p "{\"spec\":{\"template\":{\"metadata\":{\"annotations\":{\"date\":\"`date +'%s'`\"}}}}}" -n kube-system

验证Kube-Proxy模式

[root@k8s-master01 1.1.1]# curl 127.0.0.1:10249/proxyMode

ipvs

注意事项

注意：kubeadm安装的集群，证书有效期默认是一年。master节点的kube-apiserver、kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager、etcd都是以容器运行的。可以通过kubectl get po -n kube-system查看。

启动和二进制不同的是，

kubelet的配置文件在/etc/sysconfig/kubelet和/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml

其他组件的配置文件在/etc/Kubernetes/manifests目录下，比如kube-apiserver.yaml，该yaml文件更改后，kubelet会自动刷新配置，也就是会重启pod。不能再次创建该文件

Kubeadm安装后，master节点默认不允许部署pod，可以通过以下方式打开：

查看Taints：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master= | grep Taints

Taints: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule

Taints: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule

Taints: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule

删除Taint：

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl taint node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-

node/k8s-master01 untainted

node/k8s-master02 untainted

node/k8s-master03 untainted

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master= | grep Taints

Taints: <none>

Taints: <none>

Taints: <none>