标签：pix cnt 字符 clk char LCD tft TFT data

第43章、TFT_LCD 字符显示

【实战】

实验目标：在TFT显示屏中心位置显示金色“野火科技”四个汉字，字符外的背景颜色为黑色。每个汉字大小为56*56，字模点阵为64*64（4个汉字大小 256*64），TFT显示屏显示模式为480*270@60。

【图像数据生成模块（tft_pic）】

本模块的目的是，以TFT时序控制模块传入的图像有效显示区域像素点坐标(pix_x,pix_y)为约束条件，产生图像像素点色彩信息pix_data并回传给TFT时序控制模块。在字符显示区域pi_data赋值为金色，其他区域均为黑色。

第一部分：字符点阵显示区域坐标信号

利用取模软件生成了要显示字符的字模，字模点阵的大小为 256*64 ：

（1）确定字符有效显示区域，区域大小与字符点阵大小相同，显示区域的像素点与字模点阵中数据项一一对应，当字模点阵中的数据项数值为“1”时，赋值字符颜色给对应像素点；当字模点阵中的数据项数值为“0”时，赋值点阵背景颜色给对应像素

（2）声明char_x、char_y，两变量组成字符点阵显示区域坐标，在字符点阵有效显示区域内，char_x信号0-255循环计数，char_y信号0-63循环计数，根据坐标(char_x,char_y)寻找字符点阵对应的数据项，根据数据项的数值，赋予对应坐标像素点颜色信息。

第二部分：输出图像数据信号

本模块的目的是生成图像像素点色彩信息回传给TFT_LCD时序控制模块，声明像素点色彩信息pix_data信号。在字符点阵显示区域内、字符点阵数据项数值为“1”时， pix_data赋值为字符颜色；其他区域均赋值为背景色。因为pix_data的赋值条件超前图像显示区域一个时钟周期、且采用时序逻辑的赋值方式，pix_data与字符显示有效区域保持同步。

module tft_pic(
    input              tft_clk_9m   ,
    input              tft_rst_n ,
    input      [9:0]   pix_x     ,//表示坐标位置，0-640，需要10位
    input      [9:0]   pix_y     ,
output reg [15:0]  pix_data   //rgb565 共10位

);

//----------------参数定义------------//

//1.定义字符显示区域的顶点坐标

parameter   CHAR_VALID_LEFT   = 10'd112  ,

CHAR_VALID_RIGHT  = 10'd368  ,

CHAR_VALID_TOP    = 10'd81  ,

CHAR_VALID_BUTTOM = 10'd145  ;
//2.定义显示颜色

parameter   BLACK  = 16'h0000 ,

GOLDRN = 16'hFEC0 ;
//----------------字符显示区域坐标 char_x、char_y------------//

//确定char_x、char_y：pix_x、pix_y在vga_ctrl模块由h_cnt、v_cnt确定，表示了 640 范围内的坐标

wire [9:0] char_x ;

wire [9:0] char_y ;

assign  char_x = ( ((pix_x >= CHAR_VALID_LEFT) && ( pix_x < CHAR_VALID_RIGHT ))

&& ((pix_y >= CHAR_VALID_TOP) && ( pix_y < CHAR_VALID_BUTTOM )) )? (pix_x - CHAR_VALID_LEFT) : 10'h3ff ,

char_y = ( ((pix_x >= CHAR_VALID_LEFT) && ( pix_x < CHAR_VALID_RIGHT ))

&& ((pix_y >= CHAR_VALID_TOP) && ( pix_y < CHAR_VALID_BUTTOM )) ) ? (pix_y - CHAR_VALID_TOP) : 10'h3ff ;
//----------------加载字符数据------------//

//加载字符数据流：字符分辨率为 64*256，则字符取模软件生成的数据流共 64行256列，相应位置为0则表示无颜色表示，不为零则为金色,需要定义多维变量存储

reg [255:0] char [63:0] ;//char变量，数据深度 64个，每个数据位宽 256位

always@(posedge tft_clk_9m or negedge tft_rst_n)begin

char[0]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[1]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[2]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000000200000000000000020000000000000000000000000;

char[3]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000000380000000000000038000000000000000000000000;

char[4]  <= 256'h00000000000000000000007E000000000000003E000000000000000000080000;

char[5]  <= 256'h00000000000000000000007C000000000000003C0000000000000000001C0000;

char[6]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000000F800000000000000380000000000000000003E0000;

char[7]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000000FC000000000000003800018000003FFFFFFFFF0000;

char[8]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000001E600000000000000380003C00000100000007F0000;

char[9]  <= 256'h0000000000000000000001E200000000000000380007E0000000000000F80000;

char[10] <= 256'h0000000000000000000003C30000000007FFFFFFFFFFF0000000000003E00000;

char[11] <= 256'h0000000000000000000003C180000000000003F9000000000000000007800000;

char[12] <= 256'h000000000000000000000781C0000000000007F900000000000000000E000000;

char[13] <= 256'h000000000000000000000F00E0000000000007B9800000000000000018000000;

char[14] <= 256'h000000000000000000000E007000000000000F38C00000000000000070000000;

char[15] <= 256'h000000000000000000001E003800000000001E386000000000000000C0000000;

char[16] <= 256'h000000000000000000003C003C00000000003C38700000000000001180000000;

char[17] <= 256'h0000000000000000000078001E00000000007838380000000000001A00000000;

char[18] <= 256'h0000000000000000000070200F000000000070381E0000000000001E00000000;

char[19] <= 256'h00000000000000000000E038078000000000E0380F0000000000001F00000000;

char[20] <= 256'h00000000000000000001C03E03E000000003C03807C000000000001C00000000;

char[21] <= 256'h00000000000080000003803C01F800000007803803F000000000001C00008000;

char[22] <= 256'h000000000003C0000007003C00FE0000000F003801FE00000000001C0001C000;

char[23] <= 256'h000000000007E000000E003C007F8000001E003800FFE0000000001C0003E000;

char[24] <= 256'h00000000000FE0000038003C003FF00000380020043FF8000000001C0007F000;

char[25] <= 256'h0FFFFFFFFFFFF0000070003C000FFC0000E000000E0FC0001FFFFFFFFFFFF800;

char[26] <= 256'h040000000000000000C0003C0007C00001C1FFFFFF0780000800001C00000000;

char[27] <= 256'h00000000000000000380003C00018000070000001F8000000000001C00000000;

char[28] <= 256'h00000000000000000E00003C000000001C0000003C0000000000001C00000000;

char[29] <= 256'h00000000000000003800003C0000000000000000700000000000001C00000000;

char[30] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C0000000000000001C00000000000001C00000000;

char[31] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001B000000000000001C00000000;

char[32] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001E000000000000001C00000000;

char[33] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001F800000000000001C00000000;

char[34] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001E000180000000001C00000000;

char[35] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C0003C0000000001C00000000;

char[36] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C0007E0000000001C00000000;

char[37] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000FFFFFFFFFFFF0000000001C00000000;

char[38] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000400001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[39] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[40] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[41] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[42] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[43] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[44] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[45] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000001C00000000;

char[46] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000001C000000000000003C00000000;

char[47] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C0000000000001E3C0000000000007FFC00000000;

char[48] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C0000000000000FFC0000000000001FFC00000000;

char[49] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C00000000000001FC00000000000003F800000000;

char[50] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C00000000000000F800000000000001F800000000;

char[51] <= 256'h00000000000000000000003C000000000000007000000000000000E000000000;

char[52] <= 256'h000000000000000000000038000000000000002000000000000000C000000000;

char[53] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[54] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[55] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[56] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[57] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[58] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[59] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[60] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[61] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[62] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

char[63] <= 256'h0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

end
//----------------图形样式输出 pix_data------------//

//pix_data：根据char_x、char_y确定图像显示的样式

// reg [15:0] pix_data ;

always@(posedge tft_clk_9m or negedge tft_rst_n)begin

if(!tft_rst_n)

pix_data <= BLACK ;

else if( ((pix_x >= CHAR_VALID_LEFT) && ( pix_x < CHAR_VALID_RIGHT ))

&& ((pix_y >= CHAR_VALID_TOP) && ( pix_y < CHAR_VALID_BUTTOM ))  //表明在图片显示区域内

&& (char[char_y][10'd255 - char_x]) )                            //char_x范围为[0-255] ,[char_y][10'd255 - char_x]：表示了字符坐标位置，

pix_data <= GOLDRN ;                                                 //char[char_y][10'd255 - char_x]：表明像素点上是否为0 , 不为0则赋值金色

else

pix_data <= BLACK ;

end
endmodule

【时钟生成模块】

module clk_gen(
    input   sys_clk     ,
    input   sys_rst_n   ,
    output  tft_clk_9m  ,
    output  locked  
);
clk_9	clk_9_inst01 (

.inclk0 ( sys_clk    ),

.areset ( sys_rst_n  ),

.c0     ( tft_clk_9m ),

.locked ( locked     )

);
endmodule

【时序控制模块】

module tft_ctrl(
    input         tft_clk_9m , 
    input         tft_rst_n  ,
    input  [15:0] pix_data   ,//pix_data即显示图像的信息,rgb565模式共16位
output        hsync      ,
output        vsync      ,
output [8:0]  pix_x      ,//480*272,9位足够
output [8:0]  pix_y      ,
output [15:0] rgb_tft    ,//rgb565模式，共16位
output        tft_bl     ,
output        tft_de     ,
output        tft_clk    

);

/----------------------------tft扫描参数定义----------------------------------/

//定义行、场信号节点参数：同步、后沿、有效数据、前沿、总周期 （相较于vga、hdmi无边框）

parameter   H_SYNC  = 10'd41   , //行同步

H_BACK  = 10'd2   , //行时序后沿

H_VALID = 10'd480  , //行有效数据

H_FRONT = 10'd2    , //行时序前沿

H_TOTAL = 10'd525  ; //行扫描周期,一个周期525个像素点

parameter   V_SYNC  = 10'd10   , //场同步

V_BACK  = 10'd2    , //场时序后沿

V_VALID = 10'd272  , //场有效数据

V_FRONT = 10'd2    , //场时序前沿

V_TOTAL = 10'd286  ; //场扫描周期，一个周期286
/----------------------------行场计数器：h_cnt、v_cnt----------------------------------/

//行、场计数器（h_cnt、v_cnt）：用来生成行、场扫描信号，行计数器h_cnt，计数（0-799），共10位

reg [9:0] h_cnt ;

always@(posedge tft_clk_9m or negedge tft_rst_n)begin

if(!tft_rst_n)

h_cnt <= 10'b0 ;

else if(h_cnt == H_TOTAL-1'b1)

h_cnt <= 10'b0 ;

else

h_cnt <= h_cnt + 10'b1 ;

end

reg [9:0] v_cnt ;

always@(posedge tft_clk_9m or negedge tft_rst_n)begin

if(!tft_rst_n)

v_cnt <= 10'b0 ;

else if((v_cnt == V_TOTAL-1'b1) && (h_cnt == H_TOTAL - 1'b1))//计数到整幅图片的最后一个像素

v_cnt <= 10'b0 ;

else if(h_cnt==H_TOTAL - 1'b1)//每当行计数满则向下一行

v_cnt <= v_cnt + 10'b1 ;

else

v_cnt <= v_cnt ;

end
/----------------------------1、行场同步信号（hsync、vsync）：由计数器确定行、场同步信号hsync、vsync----------------------/

//行、场同步信号（hsync、vsync）：只有行、场同步信号为高，其余皆为低 ，表明行场扫描信号的过程/进程

wire hysnc ;

wire vysnc ;

//assign hsync = (cnt_h <= H_SYNC - 1'd1) ? 1'b1 : 1'b0 ;

assign hsync = (h_cnt >= 0) && (h_cnt < 41) ;

assign vsync = (v_cnt >= 0) && (v_cnt < 10) ;
/----------------------------2、区域有效标志信号（rgb_valid）：计数器确定，680480,底边的大小----------------------------------*/

wire rgb_valid ;

assign rgb_valid =  (((h_cnt >= H_SYNC + H_BACK  )&&(h_cnt < H_SYNC + H_BACK + H_VALID)) //43-523

&&((v_cnt >= V_SYNC + V_BACK )&&(v_cnt < V_SYNC + V_BACK  + V_VALID)));//12-284
/---------------------------3、色彩请求信号（pix_data_req）：计数器确定，在行扫描信号上超前pic_valid信号一个时钟---------------/

wire pix_data_req ;

assign  pix_data_req = (((h_cnt >= H_SYNC + H_BACK  - 1'b1 )&&(h_cnt < H_SYNC + H_BACK  + H_VALID - 1'b1))

&&((v_cnt >= V_SYNC + V_BACK )&&(v_cnt < V_SYNC + V_BACK + V_VALID)));
/-----------------------------4、像素点坐标：请求信号和计数器确定，坐标即距有效显示区域边界的值-----------------------------/

assign pix_x = (pix_data_req == 1'b1)?(h_cnt - H_SYNC - H_BACK  -1'b1):9'd511 ;//行场计数器的值计算出相应像素点的坐标位置

assign pix_y = (pix_data_req == 1'b1)?(v_cnt - V_SYNC - V_BACK )      :9'd511 ;//最大值511
/-----------------------------5、输出pic_rgb：将vga_pic模块生成的图形样式（pix_data）赋值给pic_rgb，并显示-----------------------------/

assign rgb_tft = (rgb_valid == 1'b1) ? pix_data : 16'b0 ;
//tft_clk,tft_de,tft_bl：TFT像素时钟、数据使能、背光信号

assign tft_clk = tft_clk_9m ;

assign tft_de  = rgb_valid  ;

assign tft_bl  = tft_rst_n  ;
endmodule

【顶层模块】

module top_tft_colorbar(
    input         sys_clk   ,
    input         sys_rst_n ,
output        hsync     ,
output        vsync     ,
output [15:0] rgb       ,
output        tft_bl    ,
output        tft_clk   ,
output        tft_de       

);
// wire tft_clk   ;
wire        locked    ;
wire [8:0]  pix_x     ; 
wire [8:0]  pix_y     ; 
wire [15:0] pix_data  ; 
wire        tft_rst_n ;

assign tft_rst_n = (sys_rst_n && locked);
//25MHZ时钟生成模块

clk_gen clk_gen_inst01(

. sys_clk    (sys_clk     ) ,

. sys_rst_n  (~sys_rst_n  ) ,
. c0         (tft_clk_9m  ) ,
. locked     (locked      ) 

);
//图像样式确定模块

tft_pic tft_pic_inst01(

. tft_clk_9m    (tft_clk_9m ) ,

. tft_rst_n     (tft_rst_n  ) ,

. pix_x         (pix_x      ) ,

. pix_y         (pix_y      ) ,
. pix_data      (pix_data   )

);
//vga时序控制模块，输出像素点坐标，并根据图像样式输出行场信号

tft_ctrl tft_ctrl_inst01(

. tft_clk_9m ( tft_clk_9m)  ,

. tft_rst_n  ( tft_rst_n )  ,

. pix_data   ( pix_data  )  ,//pix_data即显示图像的信息,rgb565模式共16位
. hsync      ( hsync     )  ,
. vsync      ( vsync     )  ,
. pix_x      ( pix_x     )  ,//480*272,9位足够
. pix_y      ( pix_y     )  ,
. rgb_tft    ( rgb       )  ,//rgb565模式，共16位
. tft_bl     ( tft_bl    )  ,
. tft_de     ( tft_de    )  ,
. tft_clk    ( tft_clk   )

);
endmodule

`timescale 1ns/1ns
module tb_top_tft_char();
    reg         sys_clk   ;
    reg         sys_rst_n ;
wire        hsync     ;
wire        vsync     ;
wire [15:0] rgb       ;
wire        tft_bl    ;
wire        tft_clk   ;
wire        tft_de    ;

top_tft_char top_tft_char_inst01(

. sys_clk   ( sys_clk  ) ,

. sys_rst_n ( sys_rst_n) ,
. hsync     ( hsync    ) ,
. vsync     ( vsync    ) ,
. rgb       ( rgb      ) ,
. tft_bl    ( tft_bl   ) ,
. tft_clk   ( tft_clk  ) ,
. tft_de    ( tft_de   )    

);
initial begin

sys_clk   = 1'b1 ;

sys_rst_n = 1'b0 ;

#200

sys_rst_n = 1'b1 ;

end
always #10 sys_clk = ~sys_clk ;
endmodule

标签：pix,cnt,字符,clk,char,LCD,tft,TFT,data
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/jasonleeeee/p/17660561.html

TFT_LCD 字符显示