ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal类主要解决的就是让每个线程绑定自己的值，可以存储每个线程的私有数据。

如果你创建了一个ThreadLocal变量，那么访问这个变量的每个线程都会有这个变量的本地副本。

Thread 类

public class Thread implements Runnable {
    //......
    //与此线程有关的ThreadLocal值。由ThreadLocal类维护
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;

    //与此线程有关的InheritableThreadLocal值。由InheritableThreadLocal类维护
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
    //......
}

ThreadLocal 类的 set() 方法

public void set(T value) {
    //获取当前请求的线程
    Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
    //取出 Thread 类内部的 threadLocals 变量(哈希表结构)
    ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
    if (map != null)
        // 将需要存储的值放入到这个哈希表中
        map.set(this, value);
    else
        createMap(t, value);
}
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
    return t.threadLocals;
}

最终的变量是放在了当前线程的 ThreadLocalMap 中，并不是存在 ThreadLocal 上，ThreadLocal 可以理解为只是ThreadLocalMap的封装，传递了变量值。 ThrealLocal 类中可以通过Thread.currentThread()获取到当前线程对象后，直接通过getMap(Thread t)可以访问到该线程的ThreadLocalMap对象。

ThreadLocal 使用示例

ThreadLocalMap 类的定义在 ThreadLocal<T> 类中，是 ThreadLocal 类的一个内部类， key 是 ThreadLocal<T> 的一个对象，value 是这个 <T> 的实际值

Thread 线程类有一个字段，ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null，是 ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap 类的一个实现对象，也就是每个线程对象都有一个 ThreadLocalMap 对象

ThreadLocal<T> 相当于一个维护所有线程 ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null 这个属性，即所有线程 <T> 的取值 value 的一个工具类

下面用一个例子说明这一点

import dto.TreeNode;

import java.util.Random;

public class testThreadLocal implements Runnable{

    private static final ThreadLocal<TreeNode> treeNodeThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();

    private static final ThreadLocal<Integer> integerThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>().withInitial(() -> 0);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        testThreadLocal thisclass = new testThreadLocal();
        for(int i=0 ; i<10; i++){
            Thread t = new Thread(thisclass, ""+i);
            Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
            t.start();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread Name= "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+" integerThreadLocal = "+ integerThreadLocal.get());
        Integer curThreadInt = new Random().nextInt(1000);
        treeNodeThreadLocal.set(new TreeNode(curThreadInt, Thread.currentThread().getName()));
        integerThreadLocal.set(curThreadInt);

        System.out.println("Thread Name= "+Thread.currentThread().getName()
                +" integerThreadLocal = "+integerThreadLocal.get()
                +" treeNodeThreadLocal = "+treeNodeThreadLocal.get());
    }

}

输出结果如下

treeNodeThreadLocal 和 integerThreadLocal 这两个 ThreadLocal 类的对象与线程的关系如下所示

ThreadLocal. ThreadLocalMap 内部类定义

/**
     * ThreadLocalMap is a customized hash map suitable only for
     * maintaining thread local values. No operations are exported
     * outside of the ThreadLocal class. The class is package private to
     * allow declaration of fields in class Thread.  To help deal with
     * very large and long-lived usages, the hash table entries use
     * WeakReferences for keys. However, since reference queues are not
     * used, stale entries are guaranteed to be removed only when
     * the table starts running out of space.
     */
    static class ThreadLocalMap {

        /**
         * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
         * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
         * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
         * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
         * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
         * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
         */
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

        /**
         * The initial capacity -- MUST be a power of two.
         */
        private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

        /**
         * The table, resized as necessary.
         * table.length MUST always be a power of two.
         */
        private Entry[] table;

        /**
         * The number of entries in the table.
         */
        private int size = 0;

        /**
         * The next size value at which to resize.
         */
        private int threshold; // Default to 0

        /**
         * Set the resize threshold to maintain at worst a 2/3 load factor.
         */
        private void setThreshold(int len) {
            threshold = len * 2 / 3;
        }

        /**
         * Increment i modulo len.
         */
        private static int nextIndex(int i, int len) {
            return ((i + 1 < len) ? i + 1 : 0);
        }

        /**
         * Decrement i modulo len.
         */
        private static int prevIndex(int i, int len) {
            return ((i - 1 >= 0) ? i - 1 : len - 1);
        }

        /**
         * Construct a new map initially containing (firstKey, firstValue).
         * ThreadLocalMaps are constructed lazily, so we only create
         * one when we have at least one entry to put in it.
         */
        ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocal<?> firstKey, Object firstValue) {
            table = new Entry[INITIAL_CAPACITY];
            int i = firstKey.threadLocalHashCode & (INITIAL_CAPACITY - 1);
            table[i] = new Entry(firstKey, firstValue);
            size = 1;
            setThreshold(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
        }

        /**
         * Construct a new map including all Inheritable ThreadLocals
         * from given parent map. Called only by createInheritedMap.
         *
         * @param parentMap the map associated with parent thread.
         */
        private ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap) {
            Entry[] parentTable = parentMap.table;
            int len = parentTable.length;
            setThreshold(len);
            table = new Entry[len];

            for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
                Entry e = parentTable[j];
                if (e != null) {
                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                    ThreadLocal<Object> key = (ThreadLocal<Object>) e.get();
                    if (key != null) {
                        Object value = key.childValue(e.value);
                        Entry c = new Entry(key, value);
                        int h = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len - 1);
                        while (table[h] != null)
                            h = nextIndex(h, len);
                        table[h] = c;
                        size++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /**
         * Get the entry associated with key.  This method
         * itself handles only the fast path: a direct hit of existing
         * key. It otherwise relays to getEntryAfterMiss.  This is
         * designed to maximize performance for direct hits, in part
         * by making this method readily inlinable.
         *
         * @param  key the thread local object
         * @return the entry associated with key, or null if no such
         */
        private Entry getEntry(ThreadLocal<?> key) {
            int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (table.length - 1);
            Entry e = table[i];
            if (e != null && e.get() == key)
                return e;
            else
                return getEntryAfterMiss(key, i, e);
        }

        // ...... 后面的就不贴过来了