Django与celery集成：异步任务原理和过程

0.原理和架构

a.客户发送请求到django;

b.django产生任务(要执行的函数)；

c.django把任务丢给celery的broker

d.celery的worker从broker拿到任务并且执行；

e.worker执行后保存结果到后端数据库；

1.在django里面配置celery的目录结构

PS D:\djangotest\myrecrument> tree

D:.
├─.idea
│  └─inspectionProfiles
├─celery
│  └─__pycache__
│ - manage.py
├─interview
│  ├─management
│  │  └─commands
│  │      └─__pycache__
│  ├─migrations
│  │  └─__pycache__
│  └─__pycache__
├- db.sqlite3
├─myrecrument
│  └─settings.py
└─tmp

2.关联django和celery

2. cat D:\djangotest\myrecrument\myrecrument\celery.py

import os

from celery import Celery

# set the default Django settings module for the 'celery' program.

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'myrecrument.settings')

app = Celery('myrecrument')

# Using a string here means the worker doesn't have to serialize

# the configuration object to child processes.

# - namespace='CELERY' means all celery-related configuration keys

#   should have a `CELERY_` prefix.

app.config_from_object('django.conf:settings', namespace='CELERY')

# Load task modules from all registered Django app configs.

app.autodiscover_tasks()

@app.task(bind=True)

def debug_task(self):

    print(f'Request: {self.request!r}')

3. cat D:\djangotest\myrecrument\myrecrument\settings.py

CELERY_BROKER_URL = 'redis://106.45.274.145:30013/0'
CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'redis://106.45.274.145:30013/1'
CELERY_ACCEPT_CONTENT = ['application/json']
CELERY_RESULT_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_TASK_SERIALIZER = 'json'
CELERY_TIMEZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD = 10
CELERYD_LOG_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "celery_work.log")
CELERYBEAT_LOG_FILE = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "logs", "celery_beat.log")

 4.配置异步发送钉钉消息D:\djangotest\myrecrument\interview> cat .\dingtalk.py

#coding=utf-8
from dingtalkchatbot.chatbot import DingtalkChatbot

from django.conf import settings

def send(message, at_mobiles=[]):
    # 引用 settings里面配置的钉钉群消息通知的WebHook地址:
    webhook = settings.DINGTALK_WEB_HOOK

    # 初始化机器人小丁, # 方式一：通常初始化方式
    xiaoding = DingtalkChatbot(webhook)

    # 方式二：勾选“加签”选项时使用（v1.5以上新功能）
    # xiaoding = DingtalkChatbot(webhook, secret=secret)

    # Text消息@所有人
    xiaoding.send_text(msg=('面试通知： %s' %message), at_mobiles = ['14743373423'] )

5.D:\djangotest\myrecrument\interview> cat .\task.py #配置任务task

from __future__ import absolute_import, unicode_literals

from celery import shared_task 
from .dingtalk import send

@shared_task
def send_dingtalk_message(message):
    send(message)

6.在interview的admin.py D:\djangotest\myrecrument\interview> cat .\admin.py #应用tasks

from .tasks import send_dingtalk_message
...
def notify_interviewer(modeladmin,request,queryset):
    candidates = ' '
    for obj in queryset:
        candidates = obj.username + ';' + candidates
    send_dingtalk_message.delay(candidates)

   class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    actions = (export_model_as_csv,notify_interviewer)

 7.启动监控flower：D:\djangotest\myrecrument\celery>  celery -A tasks flower  broker='redis://redis:30013/0'

8.启动celery的worker：D:\djangotest\myrecrument> celery -A myrecrument   worker --loglevel=INFO -P eventlet

9.启动项目：D:\djangotest\myrecrument> python .\manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

10.flower的效果

 参考：https://docs.celeryproject.org/en/stable/django/first-steps-with-django.html   First steps with Django

用一个例子来演示会更加清晰