一、配置Autofac替换内置DI
1.安装Nuget包:Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection
2.Program.cs中加上
builder.Host.UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory());
builder.Host.ConfigureContainer<ContainerBuilder>(containerBuilder =>
{
//在这里写注入代码
});
二、构造函数注入
新建IUserService,类UserService
public interface IUserService
{
public string GetUserName();
}
public class UserService:IUserService
{
public string GetUserName()
{
return "张三";
}
}
在上面的ConfigureContainer方法把UserService注入进来,默认是瞬时注入
瞬时注入:containerBuilder.RegisterType<UserService>().As<IUserService>().InstancePerDependency();;
单例注入:containerBuilder.RegisterType<UserService>().As<IUserService>().SingleInstance();
生命周期注入: containerBuilder.RegisterType<UserService>().As<IUserService>().InstancePerLifetimeScope();
注入试下是否注入成功
调用成功,证明注入成功
三、属性注入
1.把HomeController改成属性注入形式,属性注入有一个问题,就是那些属性需要注入?全部注入没必要,父类也有很多属性,要按需注入,给属性增加一个自定义特性标识说明需要注入。
public class HomeController : Controller
{
[AutowiredProperty]
private IUserService userService { get; set; }
public IActionResult Index()
{
string name = userService.GetUserName();
return View();
}
}
2.新增自定义特性类AutowiredPropertyAttribute.cs
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]//为了支持属性注入,只能打到属性上
public class AutowiredPropertyAttribute: Attribute
{
}
3.增加识别特性类AutowiredPropertySelector.cs
public class AutowiredPropertySelector : IPropertySelector
{
public bool InjectProperty(PropertyInfo propertyInfo, object instance)
{
//判断属性的特性是否包含自定义的属性,标记有返回true
return propertyInfo.CustomAttributes.Any(s => s.AttributeType == typeof(AutowiredPropertyAttribute));
}
}
4.因为Controller 默认是由 Mvc 模块管理的,需要把控制器放到IOC容器中,在Program.cs中增加
//让控制器实例由容器创建
builder.Services.Replace(ServiceDescriptor.Transient<IControllerActivator, ServiceBasedControllerActivator>());
5.把容器注册到IOC容器,在Program.cs的ConfigureContainer()增加
//获取所有控制器类型并使用属性注入
Type[] controllersTypeAssembly = typeof(Program).Assembly.GetExportedTypes()
.Where(type => typeof(ControllerBase).IsAssignableFrom(type)).ToArray();
containerBuilder.RegisterTypes(controllersTypeAssembly).PropertiesAutowired(new AutowiredPropertySelector());
验证:
成功。
四、批量注入
实际项目中那么多需要注入的类,一个个写注册就不太现实了,需要一个可以批量注入的方法。
1.新建三个空接口IScopeDenpendency.cs,ISingletonDenpendency.cs,ITransitDenpendency.cs
/// <summary>
/// 瞬时注入
/// </summary>
public interface ITransitDenpendency
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 单例注入标识
/// </summary>
public interface ISingletonDenpendency
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 生命周期注入标识
/// </summary>
public interface IScopeDenpendency
{
}
2.把上面要注入的类实现上面的接口
3.新增一个IocManager类
/// <summary>
/// Ioc管理
/// </summary>
public static class IocManager
{
/// <summary>
/// 批量注入扩展
/// </summary>
/// <param name="builder"></param>
/// <param name="assembly"></param>
public static void BatchAutowired(this ContainerBuilder builder, Assembly assembly)
{
var transientType = typeof(ITransitDenpendency); //瞬时注入
var singletonType = typeof(ISingletonDenpendency); //单例注入
var scopeType = typeof(IScopeDenpendency); //单例注入
//瞬时注入
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).Where(t => t.IsClass && !t.IsAbstract && t.GetInterfaces().Contains(transientType))
.AsSelf()
.AsImplementedInterfaces()
.InstancePerDependency()
.PropertiesAutowired(new AutowiredPropertySelector());
//单例注入
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).Where(t => t.IsClass && !t.IsAbstract && t.GetInterfaces().Contains(singletonType))
.AsSelf()
.AsImplementedInterfaces()
.SingleInstance()
.PropertiesAutowired(new AutowiredPropertySelector());
//生命周期注入
builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(assembly).Where(t => t.IsClass && !t.IsAbstract && t.GetInterfaces().Contains(scopeType))
.AsSelf()
.AsImplementedInterfaces()
.InstancePerLifetimeScope()
.PropertiesAutowired(new AutowiredPropertySelector());
}
4.把注入类ConfigureContainer改成
5.防止Program.cs代码过多,建一个Module把注入代码搬走,新建AutofacRegisterModule.cs类把ConfigureContainer的代码移过去
public class AutofacRegisterModule : Autofac.Module
{
protected override void Load(ContainerBuilder builder)
{
//获取所有控制器类型并使用属性注入
Type[] controllersTypeAssembly = typeof(Program).Assembly.GetExportedTypes()
.Where(type => typeof(ControllerBase).IsAssignableFrom(type)).ToArray();
builder.RegisterTypes(controllersTypeAssembly).PropertiesAutowired(new AutowiredPropertySelector());
//批量自动注入,把需要注入层的程序集传参数,注入Service层的类
builder.BatchAutowired(typeof(UserService).Assembly);
//注入其它层的containerBuilder.BatchAutowired(typeof(其它层的任务一个类).Assembly);
}
}
ConfigureContainer的代码变成
五、手动获取实例
手动获取实例的场景有静态帮助类中获取实例,例如redisHelper中获取注入的配置文件中的连接字符串
1.在上面的IocManager类中增加
private static object obj = new object();
private static ILifetimeScope _container { get; set; }
public static void InitContainer(ILifetimeScope container)
{
//防止过程中方法被调用_container发生改变
if (_container == null)
{
lock (obj)
{
if (_container == null)
{
_container = container;
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 手动获取实例
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Resolve<T>()
{
return _container.Resolve<T>();
}
2.在Program.cs中增加
3.验证,新建一个DataHelper.cs类
public class DataHelper
{
//手动注入UserService
private static IUserService userService = IocManager.Resolve<IUserService>();
public static string GetData()
{
return userService.GetUserName();
}
}
成功获取到值,证明从容器中获取成功。
六、其它用法
1.不用接口,直接注入实例
public class UserService :ITransitDenpendency
{
public string GetUserName()
{
return "张三";
}
}
2.一接口多实现
public class UserService :IUserService
{
public string GetUserName()
{
return "张三";
}
}
public class UserService2 : IUserService
{
public string GetUserName()
{
return "张三2号";
}
}