二进制文件安装
#官网或镜像网站下载： [root@centos8 ~]#wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.50/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz [root@centos8 ~]#tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@centos8 ~]#cd /usr/local/ [root@centos8 local]#ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.50/tomcat #指定PATH变量 [root@centos8 ~]#echo 'PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh [root@centos8 ~]#. /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh [root@centos8 ~]#echo $PATH /usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin:/root/bin #查看当前变量设置和命令用法 [root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh #查看环境变量和版本信息 [root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh version #启动tomcat [root@centos8 ~]#startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk/jre Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. #查看端口 [root@centos8 ~]#ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:* #关闭tomcat [root@centos8 ~]#shutdown.sh #或者以下也可以,指定10s后停止,默认5s [root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh stop 10 #再次用不同方式启动tomcat [root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh start #再次用不同方式关闭tomcat [root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh stop
配置tomcat自启动的service文件 #创建tomcat专用帐户 [root@centos8 ~]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin tomcat #准备service文件中相关环境文件 [root@centos8 ~]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf #两个变量至少设置一项才能启动 tomcat JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk #JRE_HOME=/usr/local/jdk/jre #如果不指定上面变量,/var/log/messages文件中会出现下面无法启动错误提示 Mar 15 14:30:09 centos8 startup.sh[1530]: Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined Mar 15 14:30:09 centos8 startup.sh[1530]: At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program [root@centos8 ~]#chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/ #创建tomcat.service文件 [root@centos8 ~]#vim /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service [Unit] Description=Tomcat #After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target After=syslog.target network.target [Service] Type=forking #以下二选一 EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf #或者，如果没有创建上面的/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf文件，可以加下面一行也可 Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh PrivateTmp=true User=tomcat Group=tomcat [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@centos8 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload [root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now tomcat Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service. [root@centos8 ~]#systemctl status tomcat ● tomcat.service - Tomcat Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-02-08 23:37:02 CST; 5s ago Process: 14312 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 14320 (java) Tasks: 43 (limit: 4895) Memory: 64.2M CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service └─14320 /usr/local/jdk/jre/bin/java - Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging> Feb 08 23:37:02 centos8.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat... Feb 08 23:37:02 centos8.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Tomcat. #查看日志 [root@centos8 ~]#tail /var/log/messages Mar 15 14:32:13 centos8 systemd[1]: Reloading. Mar 15 14:32:23 centos8 systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat... Mar 15 14:32:23 centos8 startup.sh[1575]: Tomcat started. Mar 15 14:32:23 centos8 systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.
一键安装脚本（带jdk）
JDK_FILE="jdk-11.0.15.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz"
#JDK_FILE="jdk-11.0.14_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz"
#JDK_FILE="jdk-8u281-linux-x64.tar.gz"
TOMCAT_FILE="apache-tomcat-9.0.64.tar.gz"
#TOMCAT_FILE="apache-tomcat-9.0.59.tar.gz"
#TOMCAT_FILE="apache-tomcat-8.5.64.tar.gz"
JDK_DIR="/usr/local"
TOMCAT_DIR="/usr/local"
DIR=`pwd`
color () {
RES_COL=60
MOVE_TO_COL="echo -en \\033[${RES_COL}G"
SETCOLOR_SUCCESS="echo -en \\033[1;32m"
SETCOLOR_FAILURE="echo -en \\033[1;31m"
SETCOLOR_WARNING="echo -en \\033[1;33m"
SETCOLOR_NORMAL="echo -en \E[0m"
echo -n "$2" && $MOVE_TO_COL
echo -n "["
if [ $1 = "success" -o $1 = "0" ] ;then
${SETCOLOR_SUCCESS}
echo -n $" OK "
elif [ $1 = "failure" -o $1 = "1" ] ;then
${SETCOLOR_FAILURE}
echo -n $"FAILED"
else
${SETCOLOR_WARNING}
echo -n $"WARNING"
fi
${SETCOLOR_NORMAL}
echo -n "]"
echo
}
install_jdk(){
if ! [ -f "$DIR/$JDK_FILE" ];then
color 1 "$JDK_FILE 文件不存在"
exit;
elif [ -d $JDK_DIR/jdk ];then
color 1 "JDK 已经安装"
exit
else
[ -d "$JDK_DIR" ] || mkdir -pv $JDK_DIR
fi
tar xvf $DIR/$JDK_FILE -C $JDK_DIR
cd $JDK_DIR && ln -s jdk* jdk
cat > /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh <<EOF
export JAVA_HOME=$JDK_DIR/jdk
export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin
#export JRE_HOME=\$JAVA_HOME/jre
#export CLASSPATH=.:\$JAVA_HOME/lib/:\$JRE_HOME/lib/
EOF
. /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
java -version && color 0 "JDK 安装完成" || { color 1 "JDK 安装失败" ; exit; }
}
install_tomcat(){
if ! [ -f "$DIR/$TOMCAT_FILE" ];then
color 1 "$TOMCAT_FILE 文件不存在"
exit;
elif [ -d $TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat ];then
color 1 "TOMCAT 已经安装"
exit
else
[ -d "$TOMCAT_DIR" ] || mkdir -pv $TOMCAT_DIR
fi
tar xf $DIR/$TOMCAT_FILE -C $TOMCAT_DIR
cd $TOMCAT_DIR && ln -s apache-tomcat-*/ tomcat
echo "PATH=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/bin:"'$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
id tomcat &> /dev/null || useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin tomcat
cat > $TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf <<EOF
JAVA_HOME=$JDK_DIR/jdk
EOF
chown -R tomcat.tomcat $TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/
cat > /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
#After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
ExecStart=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=$TOMCAT_DIR/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
RestartSec=3
PrivateTmp=true
User=tomcat
Group=tomcat
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now tomcat.service &> /dev/null
systemctl is-active tomcat.service &> /dev/null && color 0 "TOMCAT 安装完成" || { color 1 "TOMCAT 安装失败" ; exit; }
}
install_jdk
install_tomcat
扩展知识：tomcat 和 catalina 关系 Tomcat的servlet容器在4.X版本中被Craig McClanahan(Apache Struts项目的创始人,也是Tomcat 的 Catalina 的架构师)重新设计为Catalina.即Catalina就是servlet容器。 Tomcat的核心分为3个部分: （1）Web容器:处理静态页面； （2）JSP容器:把jsp页面翻译成一般的 servlet （3）catalina: 是一个servlet容器,用于处理servlet Catalina是美国西海岸靠近洛杉矶22英里的一个小岛，因为其风景秀丽而著名，曾被评为全美最漂亮的小 岛。Servlet运行模块的最早开发者Craig McClanahan因为喜欢Catalina岛,故以Catalina命名他所开 这个模块，另外在开发的早期阶段，Tomcat是被搭建在一个叫Avalon的服务器框架上，而Avalon则是 Catalina岛上的一个小镇的名字，于是想一个与小镇名字相关联的单词也是自然而然。设计者估计是想把 tomcat设计成最美的轻量级容器吧。下图为该小岛。 TRANSLATE with