前言
当数据库遇到未知问题,有时候无法入手分析,在非生产数据库或者征得客户同意获得特殊时间,需要重建表解决,下面提供了多种不同的复制表的方法,我们了解一下他们的差异。
测试
1、CREATE TABLE AS SELECT 语句用于复制表结构和数据,但是不会复制索引。
我们可以使用以下语句基于 t1表 复制一个新表 emp1:
CREATE TABLE emp1
AS
SELECT * FROM t1;
TEST=# \d emp1
Table "public.emp1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | |
TEST=# \d t1
Table "public.t1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | not null |
Indexes:
"pk_t1" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
如果只复制表结构,不复制数据,可以增加 WITH NO DATA 子句:
CREATE TABLE emp2
AS
SELECT * FROM t1
WITH NO DATA;
或者如下语法,例如:这种复制方法不会创建任何索引或者约束。
CREATE TABLE emp2
AS
SELECT * FROM t1
WHERE FALSE;
或
CREATE TABLE emp2
AS
SELECT * FROM t1
where 1=2;
2、CREATE TABLE LIKE 语句也可以用于复制表结构,这种方法也不会复制数据,会复制字段的 NOT NULL 约束。
CREATE TABLE emp2
(LIKE t1);
TEST=# \d emp2;
Table "public.emp2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | not null |
3、CREATE TABLE AS TABLE 语句可以复制表结构和数据,这种语法不会复制索引、约束等。如果不复制数据,使用 WITH NO DATA子句
CREATE TABLE emp2
AS
TABLE t1
WITH NO DATA;
TEST=# \d emp2;
Table "public.emp2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | |
4、SELECT INTO 语句可以复制表结构和数据,但是不包含索引,约束等。例如:
SELECT * INTO emp2 FROM t1;
TEST=# \d t1
Table "public.t1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | not null |
Indexes:
"pk_t1" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
TEST=# \d emp2
Table "public.emp2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | |
CREATE TABLE AS 和 SELECT INTO 语句实现同样的效果,推荐使用CREATE TABLE AS,它更常见。
5、CREATE TABLE INHERITS 语句,用于继承表结构。数据不会复制,任何针对父表的修改,子表也会自动修改。
另外,这种方法还可以为子表定义额外的字段。例如:
增加约束:
ALTER TABLE t1 ADD CHECK (id <> '');
CREATE TABLE emp2 (
name text NOT NULL
)
INHERITS ( t1 );
其中,name 是我们额外定义的字段,其他字段继承 t1表。\d查看,emp2表有关键字Inherits: t1。t1表有关键字Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
check约束,非空约束继承到了子表,主键不能继承到子表。
TEST=# \d emp2;
Table "public.emp2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | not null |
name | text | | not null |
Check constraints:
"t1_id_check" CHECK (id <> NULL::integer)
Inherits: t1
TEST=# \d t1;
Table "public.t1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | not null |
Indexes:
"pk_t1" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Check constraints:
"t1_id_check" CHECK (id <> NULL::integer)
Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
父表增加列应用到了子表上
alter table t1 ADD COLUMN price int;
ALTER TABLE t1 DROP CONSTRAINT t1_id_check;
TEST=# \d emp2
Table "public.emp2"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | not null |
name | text | | not null |
price | integer | | |
Inherits: t1
TEST=# \d t1;
Table "public.t1"
Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
--------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
id | integer | | not null |
price | integer | | |
Indexes:
"pk_t1" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)
Number of child tables: 1 (Use \d+ to list them.)
标签:V8R6,CREATE,t1,复制,emp2,integer,TABLE,KingbaseES,id
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/kingbase/p/17173019.html