DQL就是数据查询语言，数据库执行DQL语句不会对数据进行改变，而是让数据库发送结果集给客户端。
语法：
SELECT selection_list /*要查询的列名称*/
FROM table_list /*要查询的表名称*/
WHERE condition /*行条件*/
GROUP BY grouping_columns /*对结果分组*/
HAVING condition /*分组后的行条件*/
ORDER BY sorting_columns /*对结果分组*/
LIMIT offset_start, row_count /*结果限定*/
创建名：
l 学生表：stu
|
字段名称 |
字段类型 |
说明 |
|
sid |
char(6) |
学生学号 |
|
sname |
varchar(50) |
学生姓名 |
|
age |
int |
学生年龄 |
|
gender |
varchar(50) |
学生性别 |
|
CREATE TABLE stu ( sid CHAR(6), sname VARCHAR(50), age INT, gender VARCHAR(50) ); |
|
INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1001', 'liuYi', 35, 'male'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1002', 'chenEr', 15, 'female'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1003', 'zhangSan', 95, 'male'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1004', 'liSi', 65, 'female'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1005', 'wangWu', 55, 'male'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1006', 'zhaoLiu', 75, 'female'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1007', 'sunQi', 25, 'male'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1008', 'zhouBa', 45, 'female'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1009', 'wuJiu', 85, 'male'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1010', 'zhengShi', 5, 'female'); INSERT INTO stu VALUES('S_1011', 'xxx', NULL, NULL); |
l 雇员表：emp
|
字段名称 |
字段类型 |
说明 |
|
empno |
int |
员工编号 |
|
ename |
varchar(50) |
员工姓名 |
|
job |
varchar(50) |
员工工作 |
|
mgr |
int |
领导编号 |
|
hiredate |
date |
入职日期 |
|
sal |
decimal(7,2) |
月薪 |
|
comm |
decimal(7,2) |
奖金 |
|
deptno |
int |
部分编号 |
|
CREATE TABLE emp( empno INT, ename VARCHAR(50), job VARCHAR(50), mgr INT, hiredate DATE, sal DECIMAL(7,2), comm decimal(7,2), deptno INT ) ; |
|
INSERT INTO emp values(7369,'SMITH','CLERK',7902,'1980-12-17',800,NULL,20); INSERT INTO emp values(7499,'ALLEN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-20',1600,300,30); INSERT INTO emp values(7521,'WARD','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-02-22',1250,500,30); INSERT INTO emp values(7566,'JONES','MANAGER',7839,'1981-04-02',2975,NULL,20); INSERT INTO emp values(7654,'MARTIN','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-28',1250,1400,30); INSERT INTO emp values(7698,'BLAKE','MANAGER',7839,'1981-05-01',2850,NULL,30); INSERT INTO emp values(7782,'CLARK','MANAGER',7839,'1981-06-09',2450,NULL,10); INSERT INTO emp values(7788,'SCOTT','ANALYST',7566,'1987-04-19',3000,NULL,20); INSERT INTO emp values(7839,'KING','PRESIDENT',NULL,'1981-11-17',5000,NULL,10); INSERT INTO emp values(7844,'TURNER','SALESMAN',7698,'1981-09-08',1500,0,30); INSERT INTO emp values(7876,'ADAMS','CLERK',7788,'1987-05-23',1100,NULL,20); INSERT INTO emp values(7900,'JAMES','CLERK',7698,'1981-12-03',950,NULL,30); INSERT INTO emp values(7902,'FORD','ANALYST',7566,'1981-12-03',3000,NULL,20); INSERT INTO emp values(7934,'MILLER','CLERK',7782,'1982-01-23',1300,NULL,10); |
l 部分表：dept
|
字段名称 |
字段类型 |
说明 |
|
deptno |
int |
部分编码 |
|
dname |
varchar(50) |
部分名称 |
|
loc |
varchar(50) |
部分所在地点 |
|
CREATE TABLE dept( deptno INT, dname varchar(14), loc varchar(13) ); |
|
INSERT INTO dept values(10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK'); INSERT INTO dept values(20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS'); INSERT INTO dept values(30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO'); INSERT INTO dept values(40, 'OPERATIONS', 'BOSTON'); |