DRF之通过GenericAPIView的视图子类实现数据的增删改查接口

1、安装DRF

pip install djangorestframework

2、将DRF注册到APP中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'app.apps.AppConfig',
    'rest_framework',   # 将DRF注册到APP中
]

3、定义自己的模型类（数据表）

from django.db import models

class Book(models.Model):
    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    pubDate = models.DateField()
    author = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    class Meta:
        db_table = "book"

4、定义序列化器

from rest_framework import serializers

# 定义序列化器
# BookSerializer为定义的序列化器名
# 需要继承：serializers.ModelSerializer类
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    
    class Meta:
        # model = Book：表示使用Book模型类的数据库表
        model = Book
        # fields = "__all__"：表示使用表中的所有字段
        fields = "__all__"

5、定义路由

from django.urls import path, re_path
from app.views import BookView
from app.views import BookDetailView


urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    
    
    path('book/', BookView.as_view()),
    re_path('book/(?P<pk>\d+)/', BookDetailView.as_view()),

]

6、定义视图类

# 需要导入generics
from rest_framework import generics


# BookView视图：继承generics.ListCreateAPIView
# 实现：查看所有数据 和 新增数据
class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    # queryset：拿到Book表的所有数据
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    # serializer_class：指定使用哪一个序列化器
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

# BookDetailView视图：继承generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
# 实现：查看某一条数据、更新数据、删除数据
class BookDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

7、到此，接口实现完成

8、通过浏览器访问接口

9、通过postman工具访问接口