首页 > 其他分享 > 基本的SELECT语句

基本的SELECT语句

时间:2023-05-23 20:45:48浏览次数:30  
标签:语句 基本 salary 9000 Manager mysql NULL SELECT

1. SELECT语句

1.1 SELECT...

mysql> SELECT 1;
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
| 1 |
+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT 2*3, 8;
+-----+---+
| 2*3 | 8 |
+-----+---+
|   6 | 8 |
+-----+---+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

1.2 SELECT ... FROM

  • SELECT 标识选择哪些列 FROM 标识从哪个表中选择
# DUAL 伪表
mysql> SELECT 1+1, 5 FROM DUAL;
+-----+---+
| 1+1 | 5 |
+-----+---+
|   2 | 5 |
+-----+---+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
  • 选择全部列
mysql> SELECT * FROM jobs;
+------------+---------------------------------+------------+------------+
| job_id     | job_title                       | min_salary | max_salary |
+------------+---------------------------------+------------+------------+
| AC_ACCOUNT | Public Accountant               |       4200 |       9000 |
| AC_MGR     | Accounting Manager              |       8200 |      16000 |
| AD_ASST    | Administration Assistant        |       3000 |       6000 |
| AD_PRES    | President                       |      20000 |      40000 |
| AD_VP      | Administration Vice President   |      15000 |      30000 |
| FI_ACCOUNT | Accountant                      |       4200 |       9000 |
| FI_MGR     | Finance Manager                 |       8200 |      16000 |
| HR_REP     | Human Resources Representative  |       4000 |       9000 |
| IT_PROG    | Programmer                      |       4000 |      10000 |
| MK_MAN     | Marketing Manager               |       9000 |      15000 |
| MK_REP     | Marketing Representative        |       4000 |       9000 |
| PR_REP     | Public Relations Representative |       4500 |      10500 |
| PU_CLERK   | Purchasing Clerk                |       2500 |       5500 |
| PU_MAN     | Purchasing Manager              |       8000 |      15000 |
| SA_MAN     | Sales Manager                   |      10000 |      20000 |
| SA_REP     | Sales Representative            |       6000 |      12000 |
| SH_CLERK   | Shipping Clerk                  |       2500 |       5500 |
| ST_CLERK   | Stock Clerk                     |       2000 |       5000 |
| ST_MAN     | Stock Manager                   |       5500 |       8500 |
+------------+---------------------------------+------------+------------+
19 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
  • 选择特定的列
mysql> SELECT job_title, min_salary FROM jobs;
+---------------------------------+------------+
| job_title                       | min_salary |
+---------------------------------+------------+
| Public Accountant               |       4200 |
| Accounting Manager              |       8200 |
| Administration Assistant        |       3000 |
| President                       |      20000 |
| Administration Vice President   |      15000 |
| Accountant                      |       4200 |
| Finance Manager                 |       8200 |
| Human Resources Representative  |       4000 |
| Programmer                      |       4000 |
| Marketing Manager               |       9000 |
| Marketing Representative        |       4000 |
| Public Relations Representative |       4500 |
| Purchasing Clerk                |       2500 |
| Purchasing Manager              |       8000 |
| Sales Manager                   |      10000 |
| Sales Representative            |       6000 |
| Shipping Clerk                  |       2500 |
| Stock Clerk                     |       2000 |
| Stock Manager                   |       5500 |
+---------------------------------+------------+
19 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

1.3 列的别名

  • 重命名一个列
  • 便于计算
  • 紧跟列名,也可以在列名和别名之间加入关键字AS,别名使用双引号,以便在别名中包含空格或特
    殊的字符并区分大小写
  • AS 可以省略
  • 建议别名简短,见名知意
mysql> SELECT job_title AS title, min_salary 最小工资, max_salary "max salary" FROM jobs;
+---------------------------------+--------------+------------+
| title                           | 最小工资     | max salary |
+---------------------------------+--------------+------------+
| Public Accountant               |         4200 |       9000 |
| Accounting Manager              |         8200 |      16000 |
| Administration Assistant        |         3000 |       6000 |
| President                       |        20000 |      40000 |
| Administration Vice President   |        15000 |      30000 |
| Accountant                      |         4200 |       9000 |
| Finance Manager                 |         8200 |      16000 |
| Human Resources Representative  |         4000 |       9000 |
| Programmer                      |         4000 |      10000 |
| Marketing Manager               |         9000 |      15000 |
| Marketing Representative        |         4000 |       9000 |
| Public Relations Representative |         4500 |      10500 |
| Purchasing Clerk                |         2500 |       5500 |
| Purchasing Manager              |         8000 |      15000 |
| Sales Manager                   |        10000 |      20000 |
| Sales Representative            |         6000 |      12000 |
| Shipping Clerk                  |         2500 |       5500 |
| Stock Clerk                     |         2000 |       5000 |
| Stock Manager                   |         5500 |       8500 |
+---------------------------------+--------------+------------+
19 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

1.4 去除重复行

  • 在SELECT语句中使用关键字DISTINCT去除重复行
  • 注意:DISTINCT 其实是对后面所有列名的组合进行去重
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT min_salary FROM jobs;
+------------+
| min_salary |
+------------+
|       4200 |
|       8200 |
|       3000 |
|      20000 |
|      15000 |
|       4000 |
|       9000 |
|       4500 |
|       2500 |
|       8000 |
|      10000 |
|       6000 |
|       2000 |
|       5500 |
+------------+
14 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> SELECT DISTINCT min_salary,max_salary FROM jobs;
+------------+------------+
| min_salary | max_salary |
+------------+------------+
|       4200 |       9000 |
|       8200 |      16000 |
|       3000 |       6000 |
|      20000 |      40000 |
|      15000 |      30000 |
|       4000 |       9000 |
|       4000 |      10000 |
|       9000 |      15000 |
|       4500 |      10500 |
|       2500 |       5500 |
|       8000 |      15000 |
|      10000 |      20000 |
|       6000 |      12000 |
|       2000 |       5000 |
|       5500 |       8500 |
+------------+------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

1.5 空值参与运算

  • 所有运算符或列值遇到null值,运算的结果都为null
  • 这里你一定要注意,在 MySQL 里面, 空值不等于空字符串。一个空字符串的长度是 0,而一个空值的长
    度是空。而且,在 MySQL 里面,空值是占用空间的
mysql> SELECT employee_id,salary,commission_pct,12*salary*(1+commission_pct) "annual_sal" FROM employees;
+-------------+----------+----------------+------------+
| employee_id | salary   | commission_pct | annual_sal |
+-------------+----------+----------------+------------+
|         100 | 24000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         101 | 17000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         102 | 17000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         103 |  9000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         104 |  6000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         105 |  4800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         106 |  4800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         107 |  4200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         108 | 12000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         109 |  9000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         110 |  8200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         111 |  7700.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         112 |  7800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         113 |  6900.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         114 | 11000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         115 |  3100.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         116 |  2900.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         117 |  2800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         118 |  2600.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         119 |  2500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         120 |  8000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         121 |  8200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         122 |  7900.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         123 |  6500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         124 |  5800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         125 |  3200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         126 |  2700.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         127 |  2400.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         128 |  2200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         129 |  3300.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         130 |  2800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         131 |  2500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         132 |  2100.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         133 |  3300.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         134 |  2900.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         135 |  2400.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         136 |  2200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         137 |  3600.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         138 |  3200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         139 |  2700.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         140 |  2500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         141 |  3500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         142 |  3100.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         143 |  2600.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         144 |  2500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         145 | 14000.00 |           0.40 |  235200.00 |
|         146 | 13500.00 |           0.30 |  210600.00 |
|         147 | 12000.00 |           0.30 |  187200.00 |
|         148 | 11000.00 |           0.30 |  171600.00 |
|         149 | 10500.00 |           0.20 |  151200.00 |
|         150 | 10000.00 |           0.30 |  156000.00 |
|         151 |  9500.00 |           0.25 |  142500.00 |
|         152 |  9000.00 |           0.25 |  135000.00 |
|         153 |  8000.00 |           0.20 |  115200.00 |
|         154 |  7500.00 |           0.20 |  108000.00 |
|         155 |  7000.00 |           0.15 |   96600.00 |
|         156 | 10000.00 |           0.35 |  162000.00 |
|         157 |  9500.00 |           0.35 |  153900.00 |
|         158 |  9000.00 |           0.35 |  145800.00 |
|         159 |  8000.00 |           0.30 |  124800.00 |
|         160 |  7500.00 |           0.30 |  117000.00 |
|         161 |  7000.00 |           0.25 |  105000.00 |
|         162 | 10500.00 |           0.25 |  157500.00 |
|         163 |  9500.00 |           0.15 |  131100.00 |
|         164 |  7200.00 |           0.10 |   95040.00 |
|         165 |  6800.00 |           0.10 |   89760.00 |
|         166 |  6400.00 |           0.10 |   84480.00 |
|         167 |  6200.00 |           0.10 |   81840.00 |
|         168 | 11500.00 |           0.25 |  172500.00 |
|         169 | 10000.00 |           0.20 |  144000.00 |
|         170 |  9600.00 |           0.20 |  138240.00 |
|         171 |  7400.00 |           0.15 |  102120.00 |
|         172 |  7300.00 |           0.15 |  100740.00 |
|         173 |  6100.00 |           0.10 |   80520.00 |
|         174 | 11000.00 |           0.30 |  171600.00 |
|         175 |  8800.00 |           0.25 |  132000.00 |
|         176 |  8600.00 |           0.20 |  123840.00 |
|         177 |  8400.00 |           0.20 |  120960.00 |
|         178 |  7000.00 |           0.15 |   96600.00 |
|         179 |  6200.00 |           0.10 |   81840.00 |
|         180 |  3200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         181 |  3100.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         182 |  2500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         183 |  2800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         184 |  4200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         185 |  4100.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         186 |  3400.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         187 |  3000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         188 |  3800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         189 |  3600.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         190 |  2900.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         191 |  2500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         192 |  4000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         193 |  3900.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         194 |  3200.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         195 |  2800.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         196 |  3100.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         197 |  3000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         198 |  2600.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         199 |  2600.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         200 |  4400.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         201 | 13000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         202 |  6000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         203 |  6500.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         204 | 10000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         205 | 12000.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
|         206 |  8300.00 |           NULL |       NULL |
+-------------+----------+----------------+------------+
107 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

1.6 着重号

  • 我们需要保证表中的字段、表名等没有和保留字、数据库系统或常用方法冲突。如果真的相同,请在
    SQL语句中使用一对``(着重号)引起来
mysql> SELECT * FROM order;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'order' at line 1
mysql> 
mysql> SELECT * FROM `order`;
+----------+------------+
| order_id | order_name |
+----------+------------+
|        1 | shkstart   |
|        2 | tomcat     |
|        3 | dubbo      |
+----------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

1.7 对常数进行查询

  • SELECT 查询还可以对常数进行查询。对的,就是在 SELECT 查询结果中增加一列固定的常数列。这列的
    取值是我们指定的,而不是从数据表中动态取出的
  • SQL 中的 SELECT 语法的确提供了这个功能,一般来说我们只从一个表中查询数据,通常不需要增加一个
    固定的常数列,但如果我们想整合不同的数据源,用常数列作为这个表的标记,就需要查询常数
mysql> SELECT '民族' corporation,region_id, region_name FROM regions;
+-------------+-----------+------------------------+
| corporation | region_id | region_name            |
+-------------+-----------+------------------------+
| 民族        |         1 | Europe                 |
| 民族        |         2 | Americas               |
| 民族        |         3 | Asia                   |
| 民族        |         4 | Middle East and Africa |
+-------------+-----------+------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

2. 显示表结构

  • 使用DESCRIBE 或 DESC 命令,表示表结构
mysql> DESC regions;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field       | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| region_id   | int         | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| region_name | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> DESCRIBE regions;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field       | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| region_id   | int         | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| region_name | varchar(25) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

其中,各个字段的含义分别解释如下:

  • Field:表示字段名称
  • Type:表示字段类型,这里 barcode、goodsname 是文本型的,price 是整数类型的
  • Null:表示该列是否可以存储NULL值
  • Key:表示该列是否已编制索引。PRI表示该列是表主键的一部分;UNI表示该列是UNIQUE索引的一
    部分;MUL表示在列中某个给定值允许出现多次
  • Default:表示该列是否有默认值,如果有,那么值是多少
  • Extra:表示可以获取的与给定列有关的附加信息,例如AUTO_INCREMENT等

3. 过滤

  • 使用WHERE 子句,将不满足条件的行过滤掉
  • WHERE子句紧随 FROM子句
mysql> SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, department_id FROM employees WHERE department_id = 90;
+-------------+-----------+---------+---------------+
| employee_id | last_name | job_id  | department_id |
+-------------+-----------+---------+---------------+
|         100 | King      | AD_PRES |            90 |
|         101 | Kochhar   | AD_VP   |            90 |
|         102 | De Haan   | AD_VP   |            90 |
+-------------+-----------+---------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

标签:语句,基本,salary,9000,Manager,mysql,NULL,SELECT
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/styCy/p/17426330.html

相关文章

  • MySQL数据库统计常用语句
    1、查看所有数据库容量大小selecttable_schemaas'数据库',sum(table_rows)as'记录数',sum(truncate(data_length/1024/1024,2))as'数据容量(MB)',sum(truncate(index_length/1024/1024,2))as'索引容量(MB)'frominformation_schema.tablesgro......
  • 如何查看mysql建表语句
    平时在mysql开发过程中,如果有数据库的图形化客户端,如navicat、mysqworkbench是很方便的查看表的建表语句,但是如果要在linux中通过mysqlclient命令行连接数据库,要怎么查看某张表的建表语句呢。 那就是执行这个命令showcreatetable表名  ......
  • 流程控制、循环语句和随机数
    一、流程控制语句流程判断1if[condition];then command commandfi[条件]&&command流程判断2if[condition];then command1else command2fi[条件]&&command1||command2流程判断3if[condition1];then command1结束elif[condition2];......
  • 【MySQL】MySQL执行一条 select 语句,期间发生了什么?
    1  前言我们学习SQL的时候,大家肯定第一个先学到的就是select查询语句了,比如下面这句查询语句://在product表中,查询id=1的记录select*fromproductwhereid=1;但是有没有想过,MySQL执行一条select查询语句,在MySQL中期间发生了什么?带着这个问题,我们可以......
  • .net6中数据库查询报错:'OFFSET' 附近有语法错误。 在 FETCH 语句中选项 NEXT 的用法无
    错误语句:在数据库查询中使用skip()问题原因:数据库版本为SQLServer2008,不支持'Fetch'和'Next'语句SQLServer2012及后续版本才支持相关语句解决方法:1.引用包: System.Data.SqlClient和EntityFrameworkCore.UseRowNumberForPaging2.使用:在Program.cs中调整数据库连接bu......
  • 基本的select语句
    1.SQL的分类DDL:数据定义语言:create\alter\drop\rename\truncateDML:数据操作语言:insert\delete\update\select(重中之重)DCL:数据控制语言:commit\rollback\savepoint\grant\revoke......
  • Markdown基本语法
    Markdown学习标题 标题:#+标题名字几级标题几级对应#,记得空格字体粗体xx斜体x斜体加粗x划线xx引用xxxxxx分割线图片 超链接cctv列表表格            代码xxxx ......
  • 01、SECS的基本概念
    最近做的项目跟半导体设备相关,需要学习SECS相关的内容,把自己的学习记录分享出来,如有不足甚至错误的地方,请不吝赐教,十分感谢!文章内容基本都是SECS协议的内容和参考的资料,只不过是加了自己的理解部分,特此记录下。1、SECS的定义SECS的全称是:SEMIEquipmentCommunicationStanda......
  • Mybatis基本使用
    1、创建maven项目,导入mybatis依赖。<dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis</artifactId><version>3.5.4.SNAPSHOOT</version></dependency>2、创建Mybati......
  • 数据类型——基本数据类型
    基本数据类型整数字符       ——char     (1个字节)短整型   ——short(2个字节)整型      ——int (取决于编译器(cpu)通常是一个字,4个字节)长整型   ——long(取决于编译器(cpu),32位是4个字节,64位是8个字节)longlong(C99)浮点数......