版本控制gitlab
1. 版本控制介绍
版本控制是指对软件开发过程中各种程序代码、配置文件及说明文档等文件变更的管理，是软件配置管理的核心思想之一。版本控制最主要的功能就是追踪文件的变更。它将什么时候、什么人更改了文件的什么内容等信息忠实地了记录下来。每一次文件的改变，文件的版本号都将增加。除了记录版本变更外，版本控制的另一个重要功能是并行开发。软件开发往往是多人协同作业，版本控制可以有效地解决版本的同步以及不同开发者之间的开发通信问题，提高协同开发的效率。并行开发中最常见的不同版本软件的错误(Bug)修正问题也可以通过版本控制中分支与合并的方法有效地解决。
具体来说，在每一项开发任务中，都需要首先设定开发基线，确定各个配置项的开发初始版本，在开发过程中，开发人员基于开发基线的版本，开发出所需的目标版本。当发生需求变更时，通过对变更的评估，确定变更的影响范围，对被影响的配置项的版本进行修改，根据变更的性质使配置项的版本树继续延伸或产生新的分支，形成新的目标版本，而对于不受变更影响的配置项则不应发产生变动。同时，应能够将变更所产生的对版本的影响进行记录和跟踪。必要时还可以回退到以前的版本。例如当开发需求或需求变更被取消时，就需要有能力将版本回退到开发基线版本。在曾经出现过的季度升级包拆包和重新组包的过程中，其实就是将部分配置项的版本回退到开发基线，将对应不同需求的不同分支重新组合归并，形成新的升级包版本。
版本控制是软件配置管理的核心功能。所有置于配置库中的元素都应自动予以版本的标识，并保证版本命名的唯一性。版本在生成过程中，自动依照设定的使用模型自动分支、演进。除了系统自动记录的版本信息以外，为了配合软件开发流程的各个阶段。还需要定义、收集一些元数据来记录版本的辅助信息和规范开发流程，并为今后对软件过程的度量做好准备。当然如果选用的工具支持，这些辅助数据将能直接统计出过程数据，从而方便软件过程改进活动的进行。对于配置库中的各个基线控制项，应该根据其基线的位置和状态来设置相应的访问权限。一般来说，对于基线版本之前的各个版本都应处于被锁定的状态，如需要对它们进行变更，则应按照变更控制的流程来进行操作。
常用的版本控制工具：
- gitlab
- subversion
2. gitlab部署
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y nstall epel-release
[root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install git curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
--2022-09-23 00:04:40-- https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
Resolving mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)... 101.6.15.130, 2402:f000:1:400::2
Connecting to mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn)|101.6.15.130|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1136813194 (1.1G) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: 'gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm'
gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0 100%[=========================>] 1.06G 11.3MB/s in 1m 42s
2022-09-23 00:06:23 (10.6 MB/s) - 'gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm' saved [1136813194/1136813194]
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# dnf list all|grep policycoreutils-python
policycoreutils-python-utils.noarch 2.9-20.el8 baseos
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm
--2022-09-23 00:11:45-- http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm
Resolving mirror.centos.org (mirror.centos.org)... 54.169.224.98, 2401:78c0::e00e
Connecting to mirror.centos.org (mirror.centos.org)|54.169.224.98|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 468316 (457K) [application/x-rpm]
Saving to: 'policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm'
policycoreutils-pytho 100%[=========================>] 457.34K 1.05MB/s in 0.4s
2022-09-23 00:11:46 (1.05 MB/s) - 'policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm' saved [468316/468316]
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm
gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep policy
selinux-policy-3.14.3-58.el8.noarch
policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.x86_64
selinux-policy-targeted-3.14.3-58.el8.noarch
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e policycoreutils
error: Failed dependencies:
policycoreutils is needed by (installed) postfix-2:3.5.8-4.el8.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e policycoreutils --nodeps
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
diabled
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:policycoreutils-python-2.5-34.el7################################# [100%]
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
Verifying... ################################# [100%]
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:gitlab-ce-15.2.2-ce.0.el7 ################################# [100%]
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
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Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
Help us improve the installation experience, let us know how we did with a 1 minute survey:
https://gitlab.fra1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6kVqZANThUQ1bZb?installation=omnibus&release=15-2
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://192.168.29.140'
[root@localhost ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
[2022-09-23T00:27:02+08:00] INFO: Started Chef Infra Zero at chefzero://localhost:1 with repository at /opt/gitlab/embedded (One version per cookbook)
Chef Infra Client, version 17.10.0
Patents: https://www.chef.io/patents
Infra Phase starting
[2022-09-23T00:27:02+08:00] INFO: *** Chef Infra Client 17.10.0 ***
[2022-09-23T00:27:02+08:00] INFO: Platform: x86_64-linux
[2022-09-23T00:27:02+08:00] INFO: Chef-client pid: 60844
[2022-09-23T00:27:04+08:00] INFO: Setting the run_list to ["recipe[gitlab]"] from CLI options
[2022-09-23T00:27:04+08:00] INFO: Run List is [recipe[gitlab]]
[2022-09-23T00:27:04+08:00] INFO: Run List expands to [gitlab]
[2022-09-23T00:27:04+08:00] INFO: Starting Chef Infra Client Run for localhost
[2022-09-23T00:27:04+08:00] INFO: Running start handlers
[2022-09-23T00:27:04+08:00] INFO: Start handlers complete.
Resolving cookbooks for run list: ["gitlab"]
[2022-09-23T00:27:05+08:00] INFO: Loading cookbooks [[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]]
Synchronizing cookbooks:
[2022-09-23T00:27:05+08:00] INFO: Storing updated cookbooks/gitlab/libraries/account_helper.rb in the cache.
......
[root@localhost ~]# gitlab-ctl restart
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 76789) 0s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 76832) 1s
ok: run: redis: (pid 76875) 0s
[root@localhost ~]# head -1 /opt/gitlab/version-manifest.txt
gitlab-ce 15.2.2