Django教程

$ tar zxvf Django-3.x.y.tar.gz

git clone https://github.com/django/django.git

cd Django-3.x.y

sudo python setup.py install

……

Processing dependencies for Django==3.x.y

Finished processing dependencies for Django==3.x.y

$ django-admin.py startproject testdj

cd testdj # 切换到我们创建的项目

$ python manage.py runserver

……

Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/

Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

$ django-admin

Type 'django-admin help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand.

Available subcommands:

[django]

    check

    compilemessages

    createcachetable

    dbshell

    diffsettings

    dumpdata

    flush

    inspectdb

    loaddata

    makemessages

    makemigrations

    migrate

    runserver

    sendtestemail

    shell

    showmigrations

    sqlflush

    sqlmigrate

    sqlsequencereset

    squashmigrations

    startapp

    startproject

    test

    testserver

……省略部分……

django-admin startproject HelloWorld

$ cd HelloWorld/

$ tree

.

|-- HelloWorld

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- asgi.py

|   |-- settings.py

|   |-- urls.py

|   `-- wsgi.py

`-- manage.py

python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse

def hello(request):

    return HttpResponse("Hello world ! ")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^$', views.hello),

]

$ tree

.

|-- HelloWorld

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- __init__.pyc

|   |-- settings.py

|   |-- settings.pyc

|   |-- urls.py              # url 配置

|   |-- urls.pyc

|   |-- views.py              # 添加的视图文件

|   |-- views.pyc             # 编译后的视图文件

|   |-- wsgi.py

|   `-- wsgi.pyc

`-- manage.py

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('hello/', views.hello),

]

path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None)

from django.urls import include, re_path

urlpatterns = [

    re_path(r'^index/$', views.index, name='index'),

    re_path(r'^bio/(?P<username>\w+)/$', views.bio, name='bio'),

    re_path(r'^weblog/', include('blog.urls')),

    ...

]

HelloWorld/

|-- HelloWorld

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- __init__.pyc

|   |-- settings.py

|   |-- settings.pyc

|   |-- urls.py

|   |-- urls.pyc

|   |-- views.py

|   |-- views.pyc

|   |-- wsgi.py

|   `-- wsgi.pyc

|-- manage.py

`-- templates

    `-- lizexiong.html

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

<h1>{{ hello }}</h1>

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/settings.py 文件代码

...

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],       # 修改位置

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

        },

    },

]

...

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    context          = {}

    context['hello'] = 'Hello World!'

    return render(request, 'lizexiong.html', context)

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('lizexiong/', views.lizexiong),

]

view：｛"HTML变量名" : "views变量名"｝

HTML：｛｛变量名｝｝

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

  views_name = "李泽雄"

  return  render(request,"lizexiong.html", {"name":views_name})

<p>{{ name }}</p>

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    views_list = ["李泽雄1","吴鑫哲2","刘稳3"]

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_list": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

<p>{{ views_list }}</p>   # 取出整个列表

<p>{{ views_list.0 }}</p> # 取出列表的第一个元素

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    views_dict = {"name":"李泽雄"}

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_dict": views_dict})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

<p>{{ views_dict }}</p>

<p>{{ views_dict.name }}</p>

{{ 变量名 | 过滤器：可选参数 }}

{{ name|lower }}

{{ my_list|first|upper }}

{{ bio|truncatewords:"30" }}

{{ pub_date|date:"F j, Y" }}

0  0.0  False  0j  ""  []  ()  set()  {}  None

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    name =0

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"name": name})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{{ name|default:"李泽雄666" }}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    name ="李泽雄-length"

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"name": name})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{{ name|length}}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    num=1024

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"num": num})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{{ num|filesizeformat}}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    import datetime

    now  =datetime.datetime.now()

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"time": now})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{{ time|date:"Y-m-d" }}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    views_str = "李泽雄"

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_str": views_str})

HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{{ views_str|truncatechars:2}}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    views_str = "<a href='https://www.baidu.com/'>点击跳转</a>"

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_str": views_str})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{{ views_str|safe }}

{% if condition %}

     ... display

{% endif %}

{% if condition1 %}

   ... display 1

{% elif condition2 %}

   ... display 2

{% else %}

   ... display 3

{% endif %}

{% if athlete_list and coach_list %}

     athletes 和 coaches 变量都是可用的。

{% endif %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    views_num = 88

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"num": views_num})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{%if num > 90 and num <= 100 %}

优秀

{% elif num > 60 and num <= 90 %}

合格

{% else %}

一边玩去～

{% endif %}

<ul>

{% for athlete in athlete_list %}

    <li>{{ athlete.name }}</li>

{% endfor %}

</ul>

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    views_list = ["李泽雄","李泽雄1","吴鑫哲2","刘稳3",]

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_list": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{% for i in views_list %}

{{ i }}

{% endfor %}

{% for athlete in athlete_list reversed %}

...

{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{% for i in views_list  reversed%}

{{ i }}

{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    views_dict = {"name":"李泽雄","age":30}

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"views_dict": views_dict})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{% for i,j in views_dict.items %}

{{ i }}---{{ j }}

{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

     views_list = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]

     return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"listvar": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{% for i in listvar %}

    {{ forloop.counter }}

    {{ forloop.counter0 }}

    {{ forloop.revcounter }}

    {{ forloop.revcounter0 }}

    {{ forloop.first }}

    {{ forloop.last }}

{% endfor %}

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

  views_list = []

  return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"listvar": views_list})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{% for i in listvar %}

    {{ forloop.counter0 }}

{% empty %}

    空空如也～

{% endfor %}

{% for athlete in athlete_list %}

    <h1>{{ athlete.name }}</h1>

    <ul>

    {% for sport in athlete.sports_played %}

        <li>{{ sport }}</li>

    {% endfor %}

    </ul>

{% endfor %}

{% ifequal user currentuser %}

    <h1>Welcome!</h1>

{% endifequal %}

{% ifequal section 'sitenews' %}

    <h1>Site News</h1>

{% else %}

    <h1>No News Here</h1>

{% endifequal %}

{# 这是一个注释 #}

{% include "nav.html" %}

HelloWorld/

|-- HelloWorld

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- __init__.pyc

|   |-- settings.py

...

|-- manage.py

`-- templatetags

`-- templates

from django import template

register = template.Library()   #register的名字是固定的,不可改变

...

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR, "/templates",],

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

            "libraries":{                          # 添加这边三行配置

                'my_tags':'templatetags.my_tags'   # 添加这边三行配置       

            }                                      # 添加这边三行配置

        },

    },

]

...

@register.filter

def my_filter(v1, v2):

    return v1 * v2

@register.simple_tag

def my_tag1(v1, v2, v3):

    return v1 * v2 * v3

{% load my_tags %}

{{ 11|my_filter:22 }}

{% my_tag1 11 22 33 %}

from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe

@register.simple_tag

def my_html(v1, v2):

    temp_html = "<input type='text' id='%s' class='%s' />" %(v1, v2)

    return mark_safe(temp_html)

{% my_html "zzz" "xxx" %}

STATIC_URL = '/static/' # 别名

STATICFILES_DIRS = [

    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "statics"),

]

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7/dist/css/bootstrap.css">

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/views.py 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render

def lizexiong(request):

    name ="李泽雄-statics"

    return render(request, "lizexiong.html", {"name": name})

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{% load static %}

{{name}}<img decoding="async" src="{% static 'images/lizexiong-logo.png' %}" alt="lizexiong-logo">

{% block 名称 %}

预留给子模板的区域，可以设置设置默认内容

{% endblock 名称 %}

{% extends "父模板路径"%}

{ % block 名称 % }

内容

{% endblock 名称 %}

#HelloWorld/templates/base.html 文件代码：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<title>李泽雄(lizexiong.com)</title>

</head>

<body>

    <h1>Hello World!</h1>

    <p>李泽雄 Django 测试。</p>

    {% block mainbody %}

       <p>original</p>

    {% endblock %}

</body>

</html>

#HelloWorld/templates/lizexiong.html 文件代码：

{%extends "base.html" %}

{% block mainbody %}

<p>继承了 base.html 文件</p>

{% endblock %}

sudo pip3 install pymysql

create database 数据库名称 default charset=utf8; # 防止编码问题，指定为 utf8

create database lizexiong default charset=utf8; 

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/settings.py: 文件代码：

DATABASES = {

    'default':

    {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',    # 数据库引擎

        'NAME': 'lizexiong', # 数据库名称

        'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 数据库地址，本机 ip 地址 127.0.0.1

        'PORT': 3306, # 端口

        'USER': 'root',  # 数据库用户名

        'PASSWORD': '123456', # 数据库密码

    } 

} 

# 在与 settings.py 同级目录下的 __init__.py 中引入模块和进行配置

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

django-admin startapp TestModel

HelloWorld

|-- HelloWorld

|-- manage.py

...

|-- TestModel

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- admin.py

|   |-- models.py

|   |-- tests.py

|   `-- views.py

#HelloWorld/TestModel/models.py: 文件代码：

# models.py

from django.db import models

class Test(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

INSTALLED_APPS = (

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'TestModel',               # 添加此项

)

$ python3 manage.py migrate   # 创建表结构

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations TestModel  # 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更

$ python3 manage.py migrate TestModel   # 创建表结构

Creating tables ...

……

Creating table TestModel_test  #我们自定义的表

……

if version < (1, 3, 13):

    raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

query = query.encode()

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py: 文件代码：

from django.urls import path

from . import views,testdb

urlpatterns = [

    path('lizexiong/', views.lizexiong),

    path('testdb/', testdb.testdb),

]

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.http import HttpResponse

from TestModel.models import Test

# 数据库操作

def testdb(request):

    test1 = Test(name='lizexiong')

    test1.save()

    return HttpResponse("<p>数据添加成功！</p>")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.http import HttpResponse

from TestModel.models import Test

# 数据库操作

def testdb(request):

    # 初始化

    response = ""

    response1 = ""

    # 通过objects这个模型管理器的all()获得所有数据行，相当于SQL中的SELECT * FROM

    list = Test.objects.all()

    # filter相当于SQL中的WHERE，可设置条件过滤结果

    response2 = Test.objects.filter(id=1)

    # 获取单个对象

    response3 = Test.objects.get(id=1)

    # 限制返回的数据 相当于 SQL 中的 OFFSET 0 LIMIT 2;

    Test.objects.order_by('name')[0:2]

    #数据排序

    Test.objects.order_by("id")

    # 上面的方法可以连锁使用

    Test.objects.filter(name="lizexiong").order_by("id")

    # 输出所有数据

    for var in list:

        response1 += var.name + " "

    response = response1

    return HttpResponse("<p style='color:red;'>" + response + "</p>")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.http import HttpResponse

from TestModel.models import Test

# 数据库操作

def testdb(request):

    # 修改其中一个id=1的name字段，再save，相当于SQL中的UPDATE

    test1 = Test.objects.get(id=1)

    test1.name = 'Google'

    test1.save()

    # 另外一种方式

    #Test.objects.filter(id=1).update(name='Google')

    # 修改所有的列

    # Test.objects.all().update(name='Google')

    return HttpResponse("<p>修改成功</p>")

#HelloWorld/HelloWorld/testdb.py: 文件代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.http import HttpResponse

from TestModel.models import Test

# 数据库操作

def testdb(request):

    # 删除id=1的数据

    test1 = Test.objects.get(id=1)

    test1.delete()

    # 另外一种方式

    # Test.objects.filter(id=1).delete()

    # 删除所有数据

    # Test.objects.all().delete()

    return HttpResponse("<p>删除成功</p>")

from django.db import models

class Person(models.Model):

    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

CREATE TABLE myapp_person (

    "id" serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

    "first_name" varchar(30) NOT NULL,

    "last_name" varchar(30) NOT NULL

);

from django.db import models

class Manufacturer(models.Model):

    # ...

    pass

class Car(models.Model):

    manufacturer = models.ForeignKey(Manufacturer, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

from django.db import models

class Person(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2

        return self.name

class Group(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=128)

    members = models.ManyToManyField(Person, through='Membership')

    def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2

        return self.name

class Membership(models.Model):

    person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    date_joined = models.DateField()

    invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)

>>> paul = Person.objects.create(name="Paul McCartney")

>>> beatles = Group.objects.create(name="The Beatles")

>>> m1 = Membership(person=ringo, group=beatles,

...     date_joined=date(1962, 8, 16),

...     invite_reason="Needed a new drummer.")

>>> m1.save()

>>> beatles.members.all()

<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>]>

>>> ringo.group_set.all()

<QuerySet [<Group: The Beatles>]>

>>> m2 = Membership.objects.create(person=paul, group=beatles,

...     date_joined=date(1960, 8, 1),

...     invite_reason="Wanted to form a band.")

>>> beatles.members.all()

<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>, <Person: Paul McCartney>]>

>>> beatles.members.add(john, through_defaults={'date_joined': date(1960, 8, 1)})

>>> beatles.members.create(name="George Harrison", through_defaults={'date_joined': date(1960, 8, 1)})

>>> beatles.members.set([john, paul, ringo, george], through_defaults={'date_joined': date(1960, 8, 1)})

>>> Membership.objects.create(person=ringo, group=beatles,

...     date_joined=date(1968, 9, 4),

...     invite_reason="You've been gone for a month and we miss you.")

>>> beatles.members.all()

<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr>, <Person: Paul McCartney>, <Person: Ringo Starr>]>

>>> # This deletes both of the intermediate model instances for Ringo Starr

>>> beatles.members.remove(ringo)

>>> beatles.members.all()

<QuerySet [<Person: Paul McCartney>]>

>>> # Beatles have broken up

>>> beatles.members.clear()

>>> # Note that this deletes the intermediate model instances

>>> Membership.objects.all()

<QuerySet []>

# Find all the groups with a member whose name starts with 'Paul'

>>> Group.objects.filter(members__name__startswith='Paul')

<QuerySet [<Group: The Beatles>]>

# Find all the members of the Beatles that joined after 1 Jan 1961

>>> Person.objects.filter(

...     group__name='The Beatles',

...     membership__date_joined__gt=date(1961,1,1))

<QuerySet [<Person: Ringo Starr]>

>>> ringos_membership = Membership.objects.get(group=beatles, person=ringo)

>>> ringos_membership.date_joined

datetime.date(1962, 8, 16)

>>> ringos_membership.invite_reason

'Needed a new drummer.'

>>> ringos_membership = ringo.membership_set.get(group=beatles)

>>> ringos_membership.date_joined

datetime.date(1962, 8, 16)

>>> ringos_membership.invite_reason

'Needed a new drummer.'

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/search.py 文件代码：

from django.http import HttpResponse

from django.shortcuts import render

# 表单

def search_form(request):

    return render(request, 'search_form.html')

# 接收请求数据

def search(request): 

    request.encoding='utf-8'

    if 'q' in request.GET and request.GET['q']:

        message = '你搜索的内容为: ' + request.GET['q']

    else:

        message = '你提交了空表单'

    return HttpResponse(message)

#/HelloWorld/templates/search_form.html 文件代码：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<title>李泽雄</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/search/" method="get">

        <input type="text" name="q">

        <input type="submit" value="搜索">

    </form>

</body>

</html>

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views,testdb,search

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^hello/$', views.lizexiong),

    url(r'^testdb/$', testdb.testdb),

    url(r'^search-form/$', search.search_form),

    url(r'^search/$', search.search),

]

#/HelloWorld/templates/post.html 文件代码：

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<title>李泽雄</title>

</head>

<body>

    <form action="/search-post/" method="post">

        {% csrf_token %}

        <input type="text" name="q">

        <input type="submit" value="搜索">

    </form>

    <p>{{ rlt }}</p>

</body>

</html>

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/search2.py 文件代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.views.decorators import csrf

# 接收POST请求数据

def search_post(request):

    ctx ={}

    if request.POST:

        ctx['rlt'] = request.POST['q']

    return render(request, "post.html", ctx)

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码：

from django.conf.urls import url

from . import views,testdb,search,search2

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^hello/$', views.hello),

    url(r'^testdb/$', testdb.testdb),

    url(r'^search-form/$', search.search_form),

    url(r'^search/$', search.search),

    url(r'^search-post/$', search2.search_post),

]

HelloWorld

|-- HelloWorld

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- __init__.pyc

|   |-- search.py

|   |-- search.pyc

|   |-- search2.py

|   |-- search2.pyc

|   |-- settings.py

|   |-- settings.pyc

|   |-- testdb.py

|   |-- testdb.pyc

|   |-- urls.py

|   |-- urls.pyc

|   |-- views.py

|   |-- views.pyc

|   |-- wsgi.py

|   `-- wsgi.pyc

|-- TestModel

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- __init__.pyc

|   |-- admin.py

|   |-- admin.pyc

|   |-- apps.py

|   |-- migrations

|   |   |-- 0001_initial.py

|   |   |-- 0001_initial.pyc

|   |   |-- __init__.py

|   |   `-- __init__.pyc

|   |-- models.py

|   |-- models.pyc

|   |-- tests.py

|   `-- views.py

|-- db.sqlite3

|-- manage.py

`-- templates

    |-- base.html

    |-- hello.html

    |-- post.html

    `-- search_form.html

from django.http import HttpResponse

def lizexiong(request):

    return HttpResponse("Hello world")

#实例

def lizexiong(request):

    name = request.GET.get("name")

    return HttpResponse('姓名：{}'.format(name))

#实例

def lizexiong(request):

    name = request.POST.get("name")

    return HttpResponse('姓名：{}'.format(name))

#实例

def lizexiong(request):

    name = request.body

    print(name)

    return HttpResponse("李泽雄")

#实例

def lizexiong(request):

    name = request.path

    print(name)

    return HttpResponse("李泽雄")

#实例

def lizexiong(request):

    name = request.method

    print(name)

    return HttpResponse("李泽雄")

def lizexiong(request):

    # return HttpResponse("李泽雄")

    return HttpResponse("<a href='https://www.lizexiong.com/'>李泽雄</a>")

def lizexiong(request):

    name ="李泽雄"

    return render(request,"lizexiong.html",{"name":name})

def lizexiong(request):

    return redirect("/index/")

#实例

from django.conf.urls import url # 用 url 需要引入

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/$', admin.site.urls),

    url(r'^index/$', views.index), # 普通路径

    url(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.articles), # 正则路径

]

#实例

from django.urls import re_path # 用re_path 需要引入

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('index/', views.index), # 普通路径

    re_path(r'^articles/([0-9]{4})/$', views.articles), # 正则路径

]

#urls.py

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    re_path("^index/([0-9]{4})/$", views.index),

]

#views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def index(request, year):

    print(year) # 一个形参代表路径中一个分组的内容，按顺序匹配

    return HttpResponse('李泽雄')

(?P<组名>正则表达式)

#urls.py

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    re_path("^index/(?P[0-9]{4})/(?P[0-9]{2})/$", views.index),

]

#views.py

from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse

def index(request, year, month):

    print(year,month) # 一个形参代表路径中一个分组的内容，按关键字对应匹配

    return HttpResponse('李泽雄')

#实例

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path,include # 从 django.urls 引入 include

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path("app01/", include("app01.urls")),

    path("app02/", include("app02.urls")),

]

from django.urls import path,re_path

from app01 import views # 从自己的 app 目录引入 views

urlpatterns = [

    re_path(r'^login/(?P<m>[0-9]{2})/$', views.index, ),

]

from django.urls import path,re_path

from app02 import views # 从自己的 app 目录引入views

urlpatterns = [

    re_path("^xxx/(?P[0-9]{4})/$", views.xxx),

]

path("login1/", views.login, name="login")

return redirect(reverse("login"))

<form action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post">

re_path(r"^login/([0-9]{2})/$", views.login, name="login")

return redirect(reverse("login",args=(10,)))

<form action="{% url 'login' 10 %}" method="post">

re_path(r"^login/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/$", views.login, name="login")

return redirect(reverse("login",kwargs={"year":3333}))

<form action="{% url 'login' year=3333 %}" method="post">

include(("app名称：urls"，"app名称"))

path("app01/", include(("app01.urls","app01")))

path("app02/", include(("app02.urls","app02")))

path("login/", views.login, name="login")

reverse("app名称：路由别名")

return redirect(reverse("app01:login")

{% url "app名称：路由别名" %}

<form action="{% url 'app01:login' %}" method="post">

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/settings.py 文件代码：

INSTALLED_APPS = (

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

)

#/HelloWorld/HelloWorld/urls.py 文件代码：

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url

from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

]

C:\Users\zexiong.li\HelloWorld>python manage.py createsuperuser

Username: admin

Email address:

Password:

Password (again):

Superuser created successfully.

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from TestModel.models import Test

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(Test)

#HelloWorld/TestModel/models.py: 文件代码：

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Test(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

class Contact(models.Model):

    name   = models.CharField(max_length=200)

    age    = models.IntegerField(default=0)

    email  = models.EmailField()

    def __unicode__(self):

        return self.name

class Tag(models.Model):

    contact = models.ForeignKey(Contact, on_delete=models.CASCADE,)

    name    = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __unicode__(self):

        return self.name

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register([Test, Contact, Tag])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.

class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    fields = ('name', 'email')

admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)

admin.site.register([Test, Tag])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.

class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    fieldsets = (

        ['Main',{

            'fields':('name','email'),

        }],

        ['Advance',{

            'classes': ('collapse',), # CSS

            'fields': ('age',),

        }]

    )

admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)

admin.site.register([Test, Tag])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.

class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):

    model = Tag

class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    inlines = [TagInline]  # Inline

    fieldsets = (

        ['Main',{

            'fields':('name','email'),

        }],

        ['Advance',{

            'classes': ('collapse',),

            'fields': ('age',),

        }]

    )

admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)

admin.site.register([Test])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.

class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):

    model = Tag

class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    list_display = ('name','age', 'email') # list

    inlines = [TagInline]  # Inline

    fieldsets = (

        ['Main',{

            'fields':('name','email'),

        }],

        ['Advance',{

            'classes': ('collapse',),

            'fields': ('age',),

        }]

    )

admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)

admin.site.register([Test])

#HelloWorld/TestModel/admin.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag

# Register your models here.

class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):

    model = Tag

class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    list_display = ('name','age', 'email') # list

    search_fields = ('name',)

    inlines = [TagInline]  # Inline

    fieldsets = (

        ['Main',{

            'fields':('name','email'),

        }],

        ['Advance',{

            'classes': ('collapse',),

            'fields': ('age',),

        }]

    )

admin.site.register(Contact, ContactAdmin)

admin.site.register([Test])

django-admin startproject app01

INSTALLED_APPS = (

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'app01',               # 添加此项

)

# 在与 settings.py 同级目录下的 __init__.py 中引入模块和进行配置

import pymysql

pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

#app01/models.py

from django.db import models

class Book(models.Model):

    id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # id 会自动创建,可以手动写入

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 书籍名称

    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2) # 书籍价格

    publish = models.CharField(max_length=32) # 出版社名称

    pub_date = models.DateField() # 出版时间

$ python3 manage.py migrate   # 创建表结构

$ python3 manage.py makemigrations app01  # 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更

$ python3 manage.py migrate app01   # 创建表结构

if version < (1, 3, 13):

    raise ImproperlyConfigured('mysqlclient 1.3.13 or newer is required; you have %s.' % Database.__version__)

app01

|-- app01

|   |-- __init__.py

|   |-- __pycache__

|   |-- asgi.py

|   |-- migrations

|   |-- models.py

|   |-- settings.py

|   |-- urls.py

|   |-- views.py

|   `-- wsgi.py

#app01/urls.py: 文件代码：

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('add_book/', views.add_book),

]

from app 目录 import models

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    book = models.Book(title="李泽雄",price=300,publish="小家电维修",pub_date="2008-8-8")

    book.save()

    return HttpResponse("<p>数据添加成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.create(title="如来神掌",price=200,publish="功夫出版社",pub_date="2010-10-10")

    print(books, type(books)) # Book object (18)

    return HttpResponse("<p>数据添加成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.all()

    print(books,type(books)) # QuerySet类型，类似于list，访问 url 时数据显示在命令行窗口中。

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.all()

    print(books,type(books)) # QuerySet类型，类似于list，访问 url 时数据显示在命令行窗口中。

    for i in books:

        print (i.title)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=5)

    print(books)

    print("//////////////////////////////////////")

    books = models.Book.objects.filter(publish='菜鸟出版社', price=300)

    print(books, type(books))  # QuerySet类型，类似于list。

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.exclude(pk=5)

    print(books)

    print("//////////////////////////////////////")

    books = models.Book.objects.exclude(publish='小家电维修', price=300)

    print(books, type(books))  # QuerySet类型，类似于list。

    for i in books:

        print (i.title)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=2)

    books = models.Book.objects.get(pk=18)  # 报错，没有符合条件的对象

    books = models.Book.objects.get(price=200)  # 报错，符合条件的对象超过一个

    print(books, type(books))  # 模型类的对象

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.order_by("price") # 查询所有，按照价格升序排列

    for i in books:

        print (i.title)

    books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price") # 查询所有，按照价格降序排列

    for i in books:

        print (i.title)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    # 按照价格升序排列：降序再反转

    books = models.Book.objects.order_by("-price").reverse()

    for i in books:

        print (i.title)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.count() # 查询所有数据的数量

    print ("all_books",books)

    books = models.Book.objects.filter(price=200).count() # 查询符合条件数据的数量

    print ("book=200",books)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.first() # 返回所有数据的第一条数据

    print (books.title)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.last() # 返回所有数据的最后一条数据

    print (books.title)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.exists()

    print ("1:",books)

    # # 报错，判断的数据类型只能为QuerySet类型数据，不能为整型

    # books = models.Book.objects.count().exists()

    # print ("2:",books)

    # # 报错，判断的数据类型只能为QuerySet类型数据，不能为模型类对象

    # books = models.Book.objects.first().exists()

    # print ("3:",books)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    # 查询所有的id字段和price字段的数据

    books = models.Book.objects.values("pk","price")

    print(books[0]["price"],type(books)) # 得到的是第一条记录的price字段的数据

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    # 查询所有的price字段和publish字段的数据

    books = models.Book.objects.values_list("price","publish")

    print(books)

    print(books[0][0],type(books)) # 得到的是第一条记录的price字段的数据

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    # 查询一共有多少个出版社

    books = models.Book.objects.values_list("publish").distinct() # 对模型类的对象去重没有意义，因为每个对象都是一个不一样的存在。

    books = models.Book.objects.distinct()

    print (books)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

#app01/views.py: 文件代码：

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    # 查询价格为200或者300的数据

    books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__in=[200,300])

    print (books)

    return HttpResponse("<p>查找成功！</p>")

# 查询价格大于200的数据

books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gt=200)

# 查询价格大于等于200的数据

books = models.Book.objects.filter(price__gte=200)

# 查询价格小于300的数据

books=models.Book.objects.filter(price__lt=300)

# 查询价格小于等于300的数据

books=models.Book.objects.filter(price__lte=300)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(price__range=[200,300])

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__contains="菜")

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__icontains="python") # 不区分大小写

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="菜")

books=models.Book.objects.filter(title__endswith="雄")

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2008)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__month=10)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pub_date__day=01)

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=8).first().delete()

books=models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=[1,2]).delete()

books=models.Book.objects.delete()　 # 报错

books=models.Book.objects.all().delete()　　 # 删除成功

模型类的对象.属性 = 更改的属性值

模型类的对象.save()

books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=7).first()

books.price = 400

books.save()

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from app01 import models

def add_book(request):

    books = models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=[7,8]).update(price=888)

    return HttpResponse(books)

class Book(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)

    pub_date = models.DateField()

    publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")

class Publish(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    city = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    email = models.EmailField()

class Author(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    age = models.SmallIntegerField()

    au_detail = models.OneToOneField("AuthorDetail", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

class AuthorDetail(models.Model):

    gender_choices = (

        (0, "女"),

        (1, "男"),

        (2, "保密"),

    )

    gender = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=gender_choices)

    tel = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    birthday = models.DateField()

insert into app01_publish(name,city,email) values ("华山出版社", "华山", "[email protected]"), ("明教出版社", "黑木崖", "[email protected]")

# 先插入 authordetail 表中多数据

insert into app01_authordetail(gender,tel,addr,birthday) values (1,13432335433,"华山","1994-5-23"), (1,13943454554,"黑木崖","1961-8-13"), (0,13878934322,"黑木崖","1996-5-20")

# 再将数据插入 author，这样 author 才能找到 authordetail

insert into app01_author(name,age,au_detail_id) values ("令狐冲",25,1), ("任我行",58,2), ("任盈盈",23,3)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：

def add_book(request):

    #  获取出版社对象

    pub_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=1).first()

    #  给书籍的出版社属性publish传出版社对象

    book = models.Book.objects.create(title="李泽雄", price=200, pub_date="2010-10-10", publish=pub_obj)

    print(book, type(book))

    return HttpResponse(book)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：

def add_book(request):

    #  获取出版社对象

    pub_obj = models.Publish.objects.filter(pk=1).first()

    #  获取出版社对象的id

    pk = pub_obj.pk

    #  给书籍的关联出版社字段 publish_id 传出版社对象的id

    book = models.Book.objects.create(title="冲灵剑法", price=100, pub_date="2004-04-04", publish_id=pk)

    print(book, type(book))

    return HttpResponse(book)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：

def add_book(request):

    #  获取作者对象

    chong = models.Author.objects.filter(name="令狐冲").first()

    ying = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任盈盈").first()

    #  获取书籍对象

    book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="李泽雄").first()

    #  给书籍对象的 authors 属性用 add 方法传作者对象

    book.authors.add(chong, ying)

    return HttpResponse(book)

#app01/views.py 文件代码：

def add_book(request):

    #  获取作者对象

    chong = models.Author.objects.filter(name="令狐冲").first()

    #  获取作者对象的id

    pk = chong.pk

    #  获取书籍对象

    book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="冲灵剑法").first()

    #  给书籍对象的 authors 属性用 add 方法传作者对象的id

    book.authors.add(pk)

正向：属性名

反向：小写类名加 _set

# 方式一：传对象

#这个例子在上面演示中已经关联了，就不演示了

book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=1)

author_list = models.Author.objects.filter(id__gt=2)

book_obj.authors.add(*author_list)  # 将 id 大于2的作者对象添加到这本书的作者集合中

# 方式二：传对象 id

book_obj.authors.add(*[1,3]) # 将 id=1 和 id=3 的作者对象添加到这本书的作者集合中

return HttpResponse("ok")

ying = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任盈盈").first()

book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="冲灵剑法").first()

ying.book_set.add(book)

return HttpResponse("ok")

pub = models.Publish.objects.filter(name="明教出版社").first()

wo = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").first()

book = wo.book_set.create(title="吸星大法", price=300, pub_date="1999-9-19", publish=pub)

print(book, type(book))

return HttpResponse("ok")

author_obj =models.Author.objects.get(id=1)

book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=11)

author_obj.book_set.remove(book_obj)

return HttpResponse("ok")

#  清空独孤九剑关联的所有作者

book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="李泽雄").first()

book.authors.clear()

正向：属性名称

反向：小写类名_set

book = models.Book.objects.filter(pk=1).first()

res = book.publish.city

print(res, type(res))

return HttpResponse("ok")

pub = models.Publish.objects.filter(name="明教出版社").first()

res = pub.book_set.all()

for i in res:

    print(i.title)

return HttpResponse("ok")

author = models.Author.objects.filter(name="令狐冲").first()

res = author.au_detail.tel

print(res, type(res))

return HttpResponse("ok")

addr = models.AuthorDetail.objects.filter(addr="黑木崖").first()

res = addr.author.name

print(res, type(res))

return HttpResponse("ok")

book = models.Book.objects.filter(title="李泽雄").first()

res = book.authors.all()

for i in res:

    print(i.name, i.au_detail.tel)

return HttpResponse("ok")

author = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").first()

res = author.book_set.all()

for i in res:

    print(i.title)

return HttpResponse("ok")

res = models.Book.objects.filter(publish__name="明教出版社").values_list("title", "price")

res = models.Publish.objects.filter(name="明教出版社").values_list("book__title","book__price")

return HttpResponse("ok")

res = models.Book.objects.filter(authors__name="任我行").values_list("title")

res = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").values_list("book__title")

res = models.Author.objects.filter(name="任我行").values_list("au_detail__tel")

res = models.AuthorDetail.objects.filter(author__name="任我行").values_list("tel")

from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Min,Count,Sum  #   引入函数

aggregate(别名 = 聚合函数名("属性名称"))

from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Min,Count,Sum  #   引入函数

...

res = models.Book.objects.aggregate(Avg("price"))

print(res, type(res))

...

res=models.Book.objects.aggregate(c=Count("id"),max=Max("price"),min=Min("price"))

print(res,type(res))

from django.db.models import Avg,Max,Min,Count,Sum  #   引入函数

#models.py

class Emp(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    age = models.IntegerField()

    salary = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)

    dep = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    province = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Emps(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    age = models.IntegerField()

    salary =     models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)

    dep = models.ForeignKey("Dep", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    province = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class Dep(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('1', '令狐冲', '24', '6000.00', '销售部', '河南'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('2', '任盈盈', '18', '8000.00', '关公部', '广东'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('3', '任我行', '56', '10000.00', '销售部', '广东'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('4', '岳灵珊', '19', '6000.00', '关公部', '河南'); INSERT INTO `app01_emp` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `dep`, `province`) VALUES ('5', '小龙女', '20', '8000.00', '关公部', '河北'); INSERT INTO `app01_dep` (`id`, `title`) VALUES ('1', '销售部');

INSERT INTO `app01_dep` (`id`, `title`) VALUES ('2', '关公部');

INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('2', '令狐冲', '24', '8000.00', '河南', '1');

INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('3', '任盈盈', '18', '9000.00', '广东', '2');

INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('4', '任我行', '57', '10000.00', '广东', '1');

 INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('5', '岳灵珊', '19', '6000.00', '河南', '2');

  INSERT INTO `app01_emps` (`id`, `name`, `age`, `salary`, `province`, `dep_id`) VALUES ('6', '小龙女', '20', '8000.00', '河北', '2');

res = models.Publish.objects.values("name").annotate(in_price = Min("book__price"))

print(res)

<QuerySet [{'name': '华山出版社', 'in_price': Decimal('100.00')}, {'name': '明教出版社', 'in_price': Decimal('300.00')}]>

res = models.Book.objects.annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).values("title","c")

print(res)

<QuerySet [{'title': '李泽雄', 'c': 2}, {'title': '冲灵剑法', 'c': 2}, {'title': '吸星大法', 'c': 1}]>

res = models.Book.objects.filter(title__startswith="李").annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).values("title","c")

print(res)

res = models.Book.objects.annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).filter(c__gt=0).values("title","c")

print(res)

res = models.Book.objects.annotate(c = Count("authors__name")).order_by("-c").values("title","c")

print(res)

res = models.Author.objects.annotate(all = Sum("book__price")).values("name","all")

print(res)

from django.db.models import F

F("字段名称")

from django.db.models import F

...

book=models.Emp.objects.filter(salary__gt=F("age")).values("name","age")

...

res = models.Book.objects.update(price=F("price")+100)

print(res)

from django.db.models import Q

Q(条件判断)

Q(title__startswith="李")

...

res=models.Book.objects.filter(Q(price__gt=350)|Q(title__startswith="李")).values("title","price")

print(res)

...

res = models.Book.objects.filter(Q(title__endswith="雄") | ~Q(Q(pub_date__year=2010) & Q(pub_date__month=10)))

print(res) 

res = models.Book.objects.filter(Q(pub_date__year=2014) | Q(pub_date__year=1999), title__contains="泽")

print(res) 

from django import forms

#app01/My_forms.py

from django import forms

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

from app01 import models

class EmpForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=4, label="姓名", error_messages={"min_length": "你太短了", "required": "该字段不能为空!"})

    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")

    salary = forms.DecimalField(label="工资")

#app01/views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

from app01.My_Forms import EmpForm

from app01 import models

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

# Create your views here.

def add_emp(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        form = EmpForm()

        return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form})

    else:

        form = EmpForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():  # 进行数据校验

            # 校验成功

            data = form.cleaned_data  # 校验成功的值，会放在cleaned_data里。

            data.pop('r_salary')

            print(data)

            models.Emp.objects.create(**data)

            return HttpResponse(

                'ok'

            )

            # return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form})

        else:

            print(form.errors)    # 打印错误信息

            clean_errors = form.errors.get("__all__")

            print(222, clean_errors)

        return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form, "clean_errors": clean_errors})

path('add_emp/', views.add_emp)

#app01/add_emp.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title></title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>添加员工</h3>

{#1、自己手动写HTML页面#}

<form action="" method="post">

    <p>姓名：<input type="text" name="name"></p>

    <p>年龄：<input type="text" name="age"></p>

    <p>工资：<input type="text" name="salary"></p>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

{#2、通过form对象的as_p方法实现#}

{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}

{#    {% csrf_token %}#}

{#    {{ form.as_p }}#}

{#    <input type="submit">#}

{#</form>#}

{#3、手动获取form对象的字段#}

{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}

{#    {% csrf_token %}#}

{#    <div>#}

{#        <label for="id_{{ form.name.name }}">姓名</label>#}

{#        {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>#}

{#    </div>#}

{#    <div>#}

{#        <label for="id_{{ form.age.name }}">年龄</label>#}

{#        {{ form.age }} <span>{{ form.age.errors.0 }}</span>#}

{#    </div>#}

{#    <div>#}

{#        <label for="id_salary">工资</label>#}

{#        {{ form.salary }} <span>{{ form.salary.errors.0 }}</span>#}

{#    </div>#}

{#    <input type="submit">#}

{#</form>#}

{#4、用for循环展示所有字段#}

{#<form action="" method="post" novalidate>#}

{#    {% csrf_token %}#}

{#    {% for field in form %}#}

{#        <div>#}

{#            <label for="id_{{ field.name }}">{{ field.label }}</label>#}

{#            {{ field }} <span>{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>#}

{#        </div>#}

{#    {% endfor %}#}

{#    <input type="submit">#}

{#</form>#}

</body>

</html>

#app01/My_forms.py

from django import forms

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

from app01 import models

class EmpForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=5, label="姓名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空!",

                                                                     "min_length": "用户名太短。"})

    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")

    salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="工资")

    r_salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="请再输入工资")

    def clean_name(self):  # 局部钩子

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        if val.isdigit():

            raise ValidationError("用户名不能是纯数字")

        elif models.Emp.objects.filter(name=val):

            raise ValidationError("用户名已存在！")

        else:

            return val

    def clean(self):  # 全局钩子 确认两次输入的工资是否一致。

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("salary")

        r_val = self.cleaned_data.get("r_salary")

        if val == r_val:

            return self.cleaned_data

        else:

            raise ValidationError("请确认工资是否一致。")

#app01/views.py

def add_emp(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        form = EmpForm()  # 初始化form对象

        return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form":form})

    else:

        form = EmpForm(request.POST)  # 将数据传给form对象

        if form.is_valid():  # 进行校验

            data = form.cleaned_data

            data.pop("r_salary")

            models.Emp.objects.create(**data)

            return redirect("/index/")

        else:  # 校验失败

            clear_errors = form.errors.get("__all__")  # 获取全局钩子错误信息

            return render(request, "add_emp.html", {"form": form, "clear_errors": clear_errors})

#app01/add_emp.html

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>

    {% csrf_token %}

    <div>

        <label for="id_{{ form.name.name }}">姓名</label>

        {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="id_{{ form.age.name }}">年龄</label>

        {{ form.age }} <span>{{ form.age.errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="id_salary">工资</label>

        {{ form.salary }} <span>{{ form.salary.errors.0 }}{{ clear_errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="id_r_salary">请再输入工资</label>

        {{ form.r_salary }} <span>{{ form.r_salary.errors.0 }}{{ clear_errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

# 认证模块

from django.contrib import auth

# 对应数据库

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

User.objects.create(username='lizexiong',password='123')

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

User.objects.create_user(username='lizexiongo',password='123')

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

User.objects.create_superuser(username='lizexiong',password='123',email='[email protected]')

from django.contrib import auth

def login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, "login.html")

    username = request.POST.get("username")

    password = request.POST.get("pwd")

    valid_num = request.POST.get("valid_num")

    keep_str = request.session.get("keep_str")

    if keep_str.upper() == valid_num.upper():

        user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)

        print(user_obj.username)

from django.contrib import auth

def login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, "login.html")

    username = request.POST.get("username")

    password = request.POST.get("pwd")

    valid_num = request.POST.get("valid_num")

    keep_str = request.session.get("keep_str")

    if keep_str.upper() == valid_num.upper():

        user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password)

        print(user_obj.username)

        if not user_obj:

            return redirect("/login/")

        else:

            auth.login(request, user_obj)

            path = request.GET.get("next") or "/index/"

            print(path)

            return redirect(path)

    else:

        return redirect("/login/")

from django.contrib import auth

def logout(request):

    ppp = auth.logout(request)

    print(ppp) # None

    return redirect("/login/")

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

@login_required

def index(request):

  return HttpResponse("index页面。。。")

# 如果直接输入 login、get() 就取不到值，path 可以自定义设置返回的页面

path = request.GET.get("next") or "/index/"

return redirect(path)

rep.set_cookie(key,value,...)

rep.set_signed_cookie(key,value,salt='加密盐',...)

request.COOKIES.get(key)

rep =HttpResponse || render || redirect

rep.delete_cookie(key)

#models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):

    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)

password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

#表创建后，自己手动去插入一条用户名和密码

insert into cookie_userinfo values ('1','lizexiong','123');

#urls.py

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from cookie import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('login/', views.login),

    path('index/', views.index),

    path('logout/', views.logout),

path('order/', views.order)

]

#views.py

def login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, "login.html")

    username = request.POST.get("username")

    password = request.POST.get("pwd")

    user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()

    print(user_obj.username)

    if not user_obj:

        return redirect("/login/")

    else:

        rep = redirect("/index/")

        rep.set_cookie("is_login", True)

        return rep

def index(request):

    print(request.COOKIES.get('is_login'))

    status = request.COOKIES.get('is_login') # 收到浏览器的再次请求,判断浏览器携带的cookie是不是登录成功的时候响应的 cookie

    if not status:

        return redirect('/login/')

    return render(request, "index.html")

def logout(request):

    rep = redirect('/login/')

    rep.delete_cookie("is_login")

    return rep # 点击注销后执行,删除cookie,不再保存用户状态，并弹到登录页面

def order(request):

    print(request.COOKIES.get('is_login'))

    status = request.COOKIES.get('is_login')

    if not status:

        return redirect('/login/')

    return render(request, "order.html")

#login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>用户登录</h3>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <p>用户名： <input type="text" name="username"></p>

    <p>密码： <input type="password" name="pwd"></p>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

</body>

</html>

#index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>index 页面。。。</h2>

<a href="/logout/">注销</a>

</body>

</html>

#order.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>order 页面。。。</h2>

<a href="/logout/">注销</a>

</body>

</html>

request.session["key"] = value

request.session.get('key')

request.session.flush()

del request.session["key"]

#urls.py

from session import views as session_views

urlpatterns = [

    path('session_login/', session_views.login),

    path('s_index/', session_views.s_index),

    path('s_logout/', session_views.s_logout),

]

#views.py

def login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return render(request, "login.html")

    username = request.POST.get("username")

    password = request.POST.get("pwd")

    user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()

    print(user_obj.username)

    if not user_obj:

        return redirect("/session_login/")

    else:

        request.session['is_login'] = True

        request.session['user1'] = username

        return redirect("/s_index/")

def s_index(request):

    status = request.session.get('is_login')

    if not status:

        return redirect('/session_login/')

    return render(request, "s_index.html")

def s_logout(request):

   # del request.session["is_login"] # 删除session_data里的一组键值对

    request.session.flush() # 删除一条记录包括(session_key session_data expire_date)三个字段

    return redirect('/session_login/')

#s_index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>session_index 页面。。。{{ request.session.user1 }}</h2>

<a href="/s_logout/">注销</a>

</body>

</html>

MIDDLEWARE = [

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

]

process_request(self,request)

process_view(self, request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs)

process_exception(self, request, exception)

process_response(self, request, response)

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):

    pass

MIDDLEWARE = [

    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',

    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',

    'app01.middlewares.MD1',

]

from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):

       print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):

        print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行

    def process_response(self,request, response): :#基于请求响应

        print("md1  process_response 方法！", id(request)) #在视图之后

        return response

process_view(request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs)

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):

        print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行

    def process_response(self,request, response): :#基于请求响应

        print("md1  process_response 方法！", id(request)) #在视图之后

        return response

    def process_view(self,request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs):

        print("md1  process_view 方法！") #在视图之前执行 顺序执行

        #return view_func(request)

process_exception(request, exception)

class MD1(MiddlewareMixin):

    def process_request(self, request):

        print("md1  process_request 方法。", id(request)) #在视图之前执行

    def process_response(self,request, response): :#基于请求响应

        print("md1  process_response 方法！", id(request)) #在视图之后

        return response

    def process_view(self,request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs):

        print("md1  process_view 方法！") #在视图之前执行 顺序执行

        #return view_func(request)

    def process_exception(self, request, exception):#引发错误 才会触发这个方法

        print("md1  process_exception 方法！")

        # return HttpResponse(exception) #返回错误信息

#urls.py 文件

urlpatterns = [

    path("login/", views.login),

]

#views.py 文件

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

def login(request):

    if request.method == "GET":

        return HttpResponse("GET 方法")

    if request.method == "POST":

        user = request.POST.get("user")

        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")

        if user == "lizexiong" and pwd == "123456":

            return HttpResponse("POST 方法")

        else:

            return HttpResponse("POST 方法1")

GET 方法

from django.views import View

#urls.py 文件

urlpatterns = [

    path("login/", views.Login.as_view()),

]

#views.py 文件

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse

from django.views import View

class Login(View):

    def get(self,request):

        return HttpResponse("GET 方法")

    def post(self,request):

        user = request.POST.get("user")

        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")

        if user == "lizexiong" and pwd == "123456":

            return HttpResponse("POST 方法")

        else:

            return HttpResponse("POST 方法 1")

GET 方法

yum groupinstall "Development tools"

yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel

cd ~

wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2

tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2

cd Python-2.7.5

./configure --prefix=/usr/local

make && make altinstall

cd ~

wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz

tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz

cd distribute-0.6.49

python2.7 setup.py install

easy_install --version

pip install uwsgi

uwsgi --version    # 查看 uwsgi 版本

def application(env, start_response):

    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])

    return "Hello World"

uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py

pip install django

django-admin.py startproject demosite

cd demosite

python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002

[uwsgi]

socket = 127.0.0.1:9090

master = true         //主进程

vhost = true          //多站模式

no-site = true        //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件

workers = 2           //子进程数

reload-mercy = 10    

vacuum = true         //退出、重启时清理文件

max-requests = 1000  

limit-as = 512

buffer-size = 30000

pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid    //pid文件，用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程

daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log

server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

        location / {           

            include  uwsgi_params;

            uwsgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9090;              //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi;  //入口文件，即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置，“.”相当于一层目录

            uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite;       //项目根目录

            index  index.html index.htm;

            client_max_body_size 35m;

        }

    }

uwsgi --ini /etc/uwsgi9090.ini &

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx