首页 > 其他分享 >kubernetes api访问权限控制体验之一

kubernetes api访问权限控制体验之一

时间：2023-04-28 17:11:08浏览次数：44  
标签：service kubernetes 294d system istio controller api 权限 ClusterRole

1.简介

　　目前想实现通过python脚本，实时获取k8s的service信息，然后写成nginx.conf脚本，并且也让chatgpt写了代码。

　　运行的时候提示401权限不够：

root@gateway-7576bf68bb-cf55t:/usr/local/openresty# python3 gen_nginx_conf.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "gen_nginx_conf.py", line 25, in <module>
    services = v1.list_service_for_all_namespaces().items
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/kubernetes/client/api/core_v1_api.py", line 18239, in list_service_for_all_namespaces
    return self.list_service_for_all_namespaces_with_http_info(**kwargs)  # noqa: E501
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/kubernetes/client/api/core_v1_api.py", line 18360, in list_service_for_all_namespaces_with_http_info
    collection_formats=collection_formats)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/kubernetes/client/api_client.py", line 353, in call_api
    _preload_content, _request_timeout, _host)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/kubernetes/client/api_client.py", line 184, in __call_api
    _request_timeout=_request_timeout)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/kubernetes/client/api_client.py", line 377, in request
    headers=headers)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/kubernetes/client/rest.py", line 245, in GET
    query_params=query_params)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/kubernetes/client/rest.py", line 235, in request
    raise ApiException(http_resp=r)
kubernetes.client.exceptions.ApiException: (403)
Reason: Forbidden
HTTP response headers: HTTPHeaderDict({'Audit-Id': '8abe80ad-642b-479d-99b5-cb06f02ed0cd', 'Cache-Control': 'no-cache, private', 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'X-Content-Type-Options': 'nosniff', 'X-Kubernetes-Pf-Flowschema-Uid': 'c44586f0-736b-4e89-aba4-25ef1c1d56a8', 'X-Kubernetes-Pf-Prioritylevel-Uid': 'e837ccde-933a-4026-ac8e-f4dd4838a2a8', 'Date': 'Fri, 28 Apr 2023 07:55:55 GMT', 'Content-Length': '286'})
HTTP response body: {"kind":"Status","apiVersion":"v1","metadata":{},"status":"Failure","message":"services is forbidden: User \"system:serviceaccount:default:default\" cannot list resource \"services\" in API group \"\" at the cluster scope","reason":"Forbidden","details":{"kind":"services"},"code":403}

  继续问chatgpt，它说需要创建serviceaccount账号，绑定角色clusterrolebinding：

1.创建一个具有足够权限的服务账户
您可以使用以下命令创建一个具有足够权限的服务账户，并为其授予访问"services"资源的权限：
$ kubectl create serviceaccount my-service-account
$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding my-service-account --clusterrole=view --serviceaccount=default:my-service-account
这将创建一个名为"my-service-account"的服务账户，并将其绑定到"view"集群角色，该角色允许访问"services"资源。
2. 在容器中使用服务账户
您可以在容器中使用以下代码来加载服务账户的配置，并使用该账户访问Kubernetes API：
from kubernetes import client, config

# 加载my-service-account的配置
config.load_incluster_config()
configuration = client.Configuration()
configuration.assert_hostname = False
configuration.ssl_ca_cert = '/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt'
configuration.api_key = {'authorization': 'Bearer ' + open('/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token').read()}
configuration.host = 'https://' + os.environ['KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST'] + ':' + os.environ['KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT']

# 创建Kubernetes API客户端
v1 = client.CoreV1Api(api_client=client.ApiClient(configuration))

# 获取所有Namespace中的Service信息
services = v1.list_service_for_all_namespaces().items

# 打印每个Service的名称和IP地址
for service in services:
    print("Name: %s, IP: %s" % (service.metadata.name, service.spec.cluster_ip))

然后就研究了下serviceaccount

2.serviceaccount相关了解

官网：

  https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/

使用默认的服务账号访问 API 服务器

当 Pod 与 API 服务器联系时，Pod 会被认证为某个特定的 ServiceAccount（例如：default）。 在每个名字空间中，至少存在一个 ServiceAccount。

每个 Kubernetes 名字空间至少包含一个 ServiceAccount：也就是该名字空间的默认服务账号， 名为 default。如果你在创建 Pod 时没有指定 ServiceAccount，Kubernetes 会自动将该名字空间中 名为 default 的 ServiceAccount 分配给该 Pod。

你可以检视你刚刚创建的 Pod 的细节。例如：

kubectl get pods/<podname> -o yaml
在输出中，你可以看到字段 spec.serviceAccountName。当你在创建 Pod 时未设置该字段时， Kubernetes 自动为 Pod 设置这一属性的取值。

Pod 中运行的应用可以使用这一自动挂载的服务账号凭据来访问 Kubernetes API。 参阅访问集群以进一步了解。

当 Pod 被身份认证为某个 ServiceAccount 时， 其访问能力取决于所使用的鉴权插件和策略。

　　文章中pod会默认挂载一个default的serviceaccount，来看一下：

qiteck@server:~$ sudo kubectl get serviceaccount
NAME             SECRETS   AGE
default          0         294d
service-viewer   0         44m

qiteck@server:~$ sudo kubectl describe serviceaccount default
Name:                default
Namespace:           default
Labels:              <none>
Annotations:         <none>
Image pull secrets:  <none>
Mountable secrets:   <none>
Tokens:              <none>
Events:              <none>

  确实有default的账号，我们来看一下clusterrolebinding：

qiteck@server:~$ sudo kubectl get clusterrolebinding
NAME                                                   ROLE                                                                               AGE
cluster-admin                                          ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                                          294d
flannel                                                ClusterRole/flannel                                                                293d
ingress-nginx                                          ClusterRole/ingress-nginx                                                          38d
ingress-nginx-admission                                ClusterRole/ingress-nginx-admission                                                38d
istio-reader-clusterrole-istio-system                  ClusterRole/istio-reader-clusterrole-istio-system                                  8d
istio-reader-istio-system                              ClusterRole/istio-reader-istio-system                                              8d
istiod-clusterrole-istio-system                        ClusterRole/istiod-clusterrole-istio-system                                        8d
istiod-gateway-controller-istio-system                 ClusterRole/istiod-gateway-controller-istio-system                                 8d
istiod-istio-system                                    ClusterRole/istiod-istio-system                                                    8d
kiali                                                  ClusterRole/kiali                                                                  5d6h
kubeadm:get-nodes                                      ClusterRole/kubeadm:get-nodes                                                      294d
kubeadm:kubelet-bootstrap                              ClusterRole/system:node-bootstrapper                                               294d
kubeadm:node-autoapprove-bootstrap                     ClusterRole/system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient       294d
kubeadm:node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation          ClusterRole/system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient   294d
kubeadm:node-proxier                                   ClusterRole/system:node-proxier                                                    294d
metrics-server:system:auth-delegator                   ClusterRole/system:auth-delegator                                                  78d
prometheus                                             ClusterRole/prometheus                                                             5d6h
system:basic-user                                      ClusterRole/system:basic-user                                                      294d
system:controller:attachdetach-controller              ClusterRole/system:controller:attachdetach-controller                              294d
system:controller:certificate-controller               ClusterRole/system:controller:certificate-controller                               294d
system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller   ClusterRole/system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller                   294d
system:controller:cronjob-controller                   ClusterRole/system:controller:cronjob-controller                                   294d
system:controller:daemon-set-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:daemon-set-controller                                294d
system:controller:deployment-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:deployment-controller                                294d
system:controller:disruption-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:disruption-controller                                294d
system:controller:endpoint-controller                  ClusterRole/system:controller:endpoint-controller                                  294d
system:controller:endpointslice-controller             ClusterRole/system:controller:endpointslice-controller                             294d
system:controller:endpointslicemirroring-controller    ClusterRole/system:controller:endpointslicemirroring-controller                    294d
system:controller:ephemeral-volume-controller          ClusterRole/system:controller:ephemeral-volume-controller                          294d
system:controller:expand-controller                    ClusterRole/system:controller:expand-controller                                    294d
system:controller:generic-garbage-collector            ClusterRole/system:controller:generic-garbage-collector                            294d
system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler            ClusterRole/system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler                            294d
system:controller:job-controller                       ClusterRole/system:controller:job-controller                                       294d
system:controller:namespace-controller                 ClusterRole/system:controller:namespace-controller                                 294d
system:controller:node-controller                      ClusterRole/system:controller:node-controller                                      294d
system:controller:persistent-volume-binder             ClusterRole/system:controller:persistent-volume-binder                             294d
system:controller:pod-garbage-collector                ClusterRole/system:controller:pod-garbage-collector                                294d
system:controller:pv-protection-controller             ClusterRole/system:controller:pv-protection-controller                             294d
system:controller:pvc-protection-controller            ClusterRole/system:controller:pvc-protection-controller                            294d
system:controller:replicaset-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:replicaset-controller                                294d
system:controller:replication-controller               ClusterRole/system:controller:replication-controller                               294d
system:controller:resourcequota-controller             ClusterRole/system:controller:resourcequota-controller                             294d
system:controller:root-ca-cert-publisher               ClusterRole/system:controller:root-ca-cert-publisher                               294d
system:controller:route-controller                     ClusterRole/system:controller:route-controller                                     294d
system:controller:service-account-controller           ClusterRole/system:controller:service-account-controller                           294d
system:controller:service-controller                   ClusterRole/system:controller:service-controller                                   294d
system:controller:statefulset-controller               ClusterRole/system:controller:statefulset-controller                               294d
system:controller:ttl-after-finished-controller        ClusterRole/system:controller:ttl-after-finished-controller                        294d
system:controller:ttl-controller                       ClusterRole/system:controller:ttl-controller                                       294d
system:coredns                                         ClusterRole/system:coredns                                                         294d
system:discovery                                       ClusterRole/system:discovery                                                       294d
system:kube-controller-manager                         ClusterRole/system:kube-controller-manager                                         294d
system:kube-dns                                        ClusterRole/system:kube-dns                                                        294d
system:kube-scheduler                                  ClusterRole/system:kube-scheduler                                                  294d
system:metrics-server                                  ClusterRole/system:metrics-server                                                  78d
system:monitoring                                      ClusterRole/system:monitoring                                                      294d
system:node                                            ClusterRole/system:node                                                            294d
system:node-proxier                                    ClusterRole/system:node-proxier                                                    294d
system:public-info-viewer                              ClusterRole/system:public-info-viewer                                              294d
system:service-account-issuer-discovery                ClusterRole/system:service-account-issuer-discovery                                294d
system:volume-scheduler                                ClusterRole/system:volume-scheduler                                                294d

可以发现没有ClusterRole/view的role，所以我想手动给它加一个：

qiteck@server:~$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding default-crb --clusterrole=view --serviceaccount=default:default
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/default-crb created

给default这个账号，创建一个view的角色，可以查看default这个命名空间的service。

再看一下clusterrolebinding：

qiteck@server:~$ sudo kubectl get clusterrolebinding
NAME                                                   ROLE                                                                               AGE
cluster-admin                                          ClusterRole/cluster-admin                                                          294d
default-crb                                            ClusterRole/view                                                                   27s
flannel                                                ClusterRole/flannel                                                                293d
ingress-nginx                                          ClusterRole/ingress-nginx                                                          38d
ingress-nginx-admission                                ClusterRole/ingress-nginx-admission                                                38d
istio-reader-clusterrole-istio-system                  ClusterRole/istio-reader-clusterrole-istio-system                                  8d
istio-reader-istio-system                              ClusterRole/istio-reader-istio-system                                              8d
istiod-clusterrole-istio-system                        ClusterRole/istiod-clusterrole-istio-system                                        8d
istiod-gateway-controller-istio-system                 ClusterRole/istiod-gateway-controller-istio-system                                 8d
istiod-istio-system                                    ClusterRole/istiod-istio-system                                                    8d
kiali                                                  ClusterRole/kiali                                                                  5d6h
kubeadm:get-nodes                                      ClusterRole/kubeadm:get-nodes                                                      294d
kubeadm:kubelet-bootstrap                              ClusterRole/system:node-bootstrapper                                               294d
kubeadm:node-autoapprove-bootstrap                     ClusterRole/system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient       294d
kubeadm:node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation          ClusterRole/system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient   294d
kubeadm:node-proxier                                   ClusterRole/system:node-proxier                                                    294d
metrics-server:system:auth-delegator                   ClusterRole/system:auth-delegator                                                  78d
prometheus                                             ClusterRole/prometheus                                                             5d6h
system:basic-user                                      ClusterRole/system:basic-user                                                      294d
system:controller:attachdetach-controller              ClusterRole/system:controller:attachdetach-controller                              294d
system:controller:certificate-controller               ClusterRole/system:controller:certificate-controller                               294d
system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller   ClusterRole/system:controller:clusterrole-aggregation-controller                   294d
system:controller:cronjob-controller                   ClusterRole/system:controller:cronjob-controller                                   294d
system:controller:daemon-set-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:daemon-set-controller                                294d
system:controller:deployment-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:deployment-controller                                294d
system:controller:disruption-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:disruption-controller                                294d
system:controller:endpoint-controller                  ClusterRole/system:controller:endpoint-controller                                  294d
system:controller:endpointslice-controller             ClusterRole/system:controller:endpointslice-controller                             294d
system:controller:endpointslicemirroring-controller    ClusterRole/system:controller:endpointslicemirroring-controller                    294d
system:controller:ephemeral-volume-controller          ClusterRole/system:controller:ephemeral-volume-controller                          294d
system:controller:expand-controller                    ClusterRole/system:controller:expand-controller                                    294d
system:controller:generic-garbage-collector            ClusterRole/system:controller:generic-garbage-collector                            294d
system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler            ClusterRole/system:controller:horizontal-pod-autoscaler                            294d
system:controller:job-controller                       ClusterRole/system:controller:job-controller                                       294d
system:controller:namespace-controller                 ClusterRole/system:controller:namespace-controller                                 294d
system:controller:node-controller                      ClusterRole/system:controller:node-controller                                      294d
system:controller:persistent-volume-binder             ClusterRole/system:controller:persistent-volume-binder                             294d
system:controller:pod-garbage-collector                ClusterRole/system:controller:pod-garbage-collector                                294d
system:controller:pv-protection-controller             ClusterRole/system:controller:pv-protection-controller                             294d
system:controller:pvc-protection-controller            ClusterRole/system:controller:pvc-protection-controller                            294d
system:controller:replicaset-controller                ClusterRole/system:controller:replicaset-controller                                294d
system:controller:replication-controller               ClusterRole/system:controller:replication-controller                               294d
system:controller:resourcequota-controller             ClusterRole/system:controller:resourcequota-controller                             294d
system:controller:root-ca-cert-publisher               ClusterRole/system:controller:root-ca-cert-publisher                               294d
system:controller:route-controller                     ClusterRole/system:controller:route-controller                                     294d
system:controller:service-account-controller           ClusterRole/system:controller:service-account-controller                           294d
system:controller:service-controller                   ClusterRole/system:controller:service-controller                                   294d
system:controller:statefulset-controller               ClusterRole/system:controller:statefulset-controller                               294d
system:controller:ttl-after-finished-controller        ClusterRole/system:controller:ttl-after-finished-controller                        294d
system:controller:ttl-controller                       ClusterRole/system:controller:ttl-controller                                       294d
system:coredns                                         ClusterRole/system:coredns                                                         294d
system:discovery                                       ClusterRole/system:discovery                                                       294d
system:kube-controller-manager                         ClusterRole/system:kube-controller-manager                                         294d
system:kube-dns                                        ClusterRole/system:kube-dns                                                        294d
system:kube-scheduler                                  ClusterRole/system:kube-scheduler                                                  294d
system:metrics-server                                  ClusterRole/system:metrics-server                                                  78d
system:monitoring                                      ClusterRole/system:monitoring                                                      294d
system:node                                            ClusterRole/system:node                                                            294d
system:node-proxier                                    ClusterRole/system:node-proxier                                                    294d
system:public-info-viewer                              ClusterRole/system:public-info-viewer                                              294d
system:service-account-issuer-discovery                ClusterRole/system:service-account-issuer-discovery                                294d
system:volume-scheduler                                ClusterRole/system:volume-scheduler                                                294d

 这样应该default这个账号就有了view service的能力了，我们来试试：

再试一下，脚本就能正常运行了。

标签：service,kubernetes,294d,system,istio,controller,api,权限,ClusterRole
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/zhanchenjin/p/17362643.html

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