iOS G711编码

G.711是一种由国际电信联盟（ITU-T）制定的音频编码方式，又称为ITU-T G.711。
它是国际电信联盟ITU-T定制出来的一套语音压缩标准，它代表了对数PCM（logarithmic pulse-code modulation）抽样标准，主要用于电话。它主要用脉冲编码调制对音频采样，采样率为8k每秒。它利用一个 64Kbps 未压缩通道传输语音讯号。 起压缩率为1：2， 即把16位数据压缩成8位。G.711是主流的波形声音编解码器。

G.711 标准下主要有两种压缩算法。
一种是µ-law algorithm （又称often u-law, ulaw, mu-law），主要运用于北美和日本；
另一种是A-law algorithm，主要运用于欧洲和世界其他地区。其中，后者是特别设计用来方便计算机处理的。

G711A（A-LAW）压缩算法

（1）取符号位并取反得到s
（2）获取强度位eee，获取方法如图所示
（3）获取高位样本位wxyz
（4）组合为seeewxyz，将seeewxyz逢偶数为取补数，编码完毕

输入pcm数据为1234，二进制对应为（0000 0100 1101 0010）
二进制变换下排列组合方式（0 00001 0011 010010）
（1）获取符号位最高位为0，取反，s=1
（2）获取强度位00001，查表，编码制应该是eee=011
（3）获取高位样本wxyz=0011
（4）组合为10110011，逢偶数为取反为11100110
编码完毕。

G711U（U-LAW）压缩算法

通过查表，计算出：基础值+平均偏移值

输入pcm数据为1234
（1）取得范围值，查表得+2014 to +991 in 16 intervals of 64
（2）得到基础值为0xA0
（3）得到间隔数为64
（4）得到区间基本值2014
（5）当前值1234和区间基本值差异2014-1234=780
（6）偏移值=780/间隔数=780/64，取整得到12
（7）输出为0xA0+12=0xAC
编码完毕。

code如下

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface EncoderG711 : NSObject

- (unsigned char)linear2alaw:(int)pcm_val;
- (unsigned char)linear2ulaw:(int)pcm_val;

@end

#import "EncoderG711.h"

#define QUANT_MASK (0xf)
#define SEG_SHIFT (4)
#define BIAS (0x84)

@implementation EncoderG711

static short seg_end[8] = {0xFF,0x1FF,0x3FF,0x7FF,0xFFF,0x1FFF,0x3FFF,0x7FFF};

static int search(int val,short *table,int size)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (val <= *table++)
            return (i);
    }
    return (size);
}

- (unsigned char)linear2alaw:(int)pcm_val
{
    int mask;
    int seg;
    unsigned char aval;
    if (pcm_val >= 0) {
        mask = 0xD5;
    } else {
        mask = 0x55;
        pcm_val = -pcm_val - 8;
    }
    seg = search(pcm_val, seg_end, 8);
    if (seg >= 8)
        return (0x7F ^ mask);
    else {
        aval = seg << SEG_SHIFT;
        if (seg < 2)
            aval |= (pcm_val >> 4) & QUANT_MASK;
        else
            aval |= (pcm_val >> (seg + 3)) & QUANT_MASK;
        return (aval ^ mask);
    }
}

- (unsigned char)linear2ulaw:(int)pcm_val
{
    int mask;
    int seg;
    unsigned char uval;
    if (pcm_val < 0) {
        pcm_val = BIAS - pcm_val;
        mask = 0x7F;
    } else {
        pcm_val += BIAS;
        mask = 0xFF;
    }
    seg = search(pcm_val, seg_end, 8);
    if (seg >= 8)
        return (0x7F ^ mask);
    else {
        uval = (seg << 4) | ((pcm_val >> (seg + 3)) & 0xF);
        return (uval ^ mask);
    }
}

@end

- (NSData *)encodeG711:(NSData *)data {
    NSUInteger datalength = [data length];
    Byte *byteData = (Byte *)[data bytes];
    short *pPcm = (short *)byteData;
    free(byteData);
    int outlen = 0;
    int len =(int)datalength/2;
    Byte *G711Buff = (Byte *)malloc(len);
    memset(G711Buff,0,len);
    int i;
    for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
        if (_type==G711A) {
            G711Buff[i] = [_g711 linear2alaw:pPcm[i]];
        }
        else if (_type==G711U) {
            G711Buff[i] = [_g711 linear2ulaw:pPcm[i]];
        }
    }
    outlen = i;
    Byte *sendbuff = (Byte *)G711Buff;
    NSData *sendData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:sendbuff length:len];
    free(G711Buff);
    return sendData;
}

iOS G711解码

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface DecoderG711 : NSObject

enum _e_g711_tp
{
    TP_ALAW,
    TP_ULAW
};

int g711_decode(void *pout_buf, int *pout_len, const void *pin_buf, const int in_len , int type);

@end
#import "DecoderG711.h"

#define SIGN_BIT (0x80)
#define QUANT_MASK (0xf)
#define NSEGS (8)
#define SEG_SHIFT (4)
#define SEG_MASK (0x70)
#define BIAS (0x84)

@interface DecoderG711()

@end

@implementation DecoderG711

int g711_decode(void *pout_buf, int *pout_len, const void *pin_buf, const int in_len , int type)
{
    int16_t *dst = (int16_t *) pout_buf;
    uint8_t *src = (uint8_t *) pin_buf;
    uint32_t i = 0;
    int Ret = 0;
    if ((NULL == pout_buf) || \
        (NULL == pout_len) || \
        (NULL == pin_buf) || \
        (0 == in_len)) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (*pout_len < 2 * in_len) {
        return -2;
    }
    if (TP_ALAW == type) {
        for (i = 0; i < in_len; i++) {
            *(dst++) = (int16_t)alaw2linear(*(src++));
        }
    }
    else {
        for (i = 0; i < in_len; i++) {
            *(dst++) = (int16_t)ulaw2linear(*(src++));
        }
    }
    *pout_len = 2 * in_len;
    Ret = 2 * in_len;
    return Ret;
}

int alaw2linear(unsigned char a_val)
{
    int t;
    int seg;
    a_val ^= 0x55;
    t = (a_val & QUANT_MASK) << 4;
    seg = ((unsigned)a_val & SEG_MASK) >> SEG_SHIFT;
    switch (seg) {
        case 0:
            t += 8;
            break;
        case 1:
            t += 0x108;
            break;
        default:
            t += 0x108;
            t <<= seg - 1;
    }
    return ((a_val & SIGN_BIT) ? t : -t);
}

int ulaw2linear(unsigned char u_val)
{
    int t;
    u_val = ~u_val;
    t = ((u_val & QUANT_MASK) << 3) + BIAS;
    t <<= ((unsigned)u_val & SEG_MASK) >> SEG_SHIFT;
    return ((u_val & SIGN_BIT) ? (BIAS - t) : (t - BIAS));
}

@end

- (void)decoderG711:(NSData *)data {
    NSUInteger datalength = [data length];
    Byte *byteData = (Byte *)[data bytes];
    int inlen = (int)datalength;
    short *g711Buf = (short *)byteData;
    int outlen = inlen * 2;
    Byte *pcmBuf = (Byte *)malloc(outlen);
    g711_decode(pcmBuf, &outlen, g711Buf, inlen, TP_ALAW);
    NSData *pcm = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:pcmBuf length:outlen];
    free(pcmBuf);
    [_aqplayer playWithData:pcm];
}

语音对讲Demo：https://github.com/XuningZhai/TalkDemo_G711_AAC

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/szfhy/article/details/52448906