Socket 中运用 BufferedStream 类（转载）

下面的代码示例演示如何使用 BufferedStream 类，而使用 NetworkStream 类来提高某些 I/O 操作的性能。 在启动客户端之前，在远程计算机上启动服务器。 启动客户端时，将远程计算机名称指定为命令行参数。 dataArraySize改变 和 streamBufferSize 常量以查看它们对性能的影响。

第一个示例演示在客户端上运行的代码，第二个示例演示在服务器上运行的代码。

示例 1：在客户端上运行的代码

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

public class Client
{
    const int dataArraySize    =   100;
    const int streamBufferSize =  1000;
    const int numberOfLoops    = 10000;

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Check that an argument was specified when the
        // program was invoked.
        if(args.Length == 0)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Error: The name of the host computer" +
                " must be specified when the program is invoked.");
            return;
        }

        string remoteName = args[0];

        // Create the underlying socket and connect to the server.
        Socket clientSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,
            SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);

        clientSocket.Connect(new IPEndPoint(
            Dns.Resolve(remoteName).AddressList[0], 1800));

        Console.WriteLine("Client is connected.\n");

        // Create a NetworkStream that owns clientSocket and
        // then create a BufferedStream on top of the NetworkStream.
        // Both streams are disposed when execution exits the
        // using statement.
        using(Stream
            netStream = new NetworkStream(clientSocket, true),
            bufStream =
                  new BufferedStream(netStream, streamBufferSize))
        {
            // Check whether the underlying stream supports seeking.
            Console.WriteLine("NetworkStream {0} seeking.\n",
                bufStream.CanSeek ? "supports" : "does not support");

            // Send and receive data.
            if(bufStream.CanWrite)
            {
                SendData(netStream, bufStream);
            }
            if(bufStream.CanRead)
            {
                ReceiveData(netStream, bufStream);
            }

            // When bufStream is closed, netStream is in turn
            // closed, which in turn shuts down the connection
            // and closes clientSocket.
            Console.WriteLine("\nShutting down the connection.");
            bufStream.Close();
        }
    }

    static void SendData(Stream netStream, Stream bufStream)
    {
        DateTime startTime;
        double networkTime, bufferedTime;

        // Create random data to send to the server.
        byte[] dataToSend = new byte[dataArraySize];
        new Random().NextBytes(dataToSend);

        // Send the data using the NetworkStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using NetworkStream.");
        startTime = DateTime.Now;
        for(int i = 0; i < numberOfLoops; i++)
        {
            netStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length);
        }
        networkTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent in {1} seconds.\n",
            numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length,
            networkTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Send the data using the BufferedStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using BufferedStream.");
        startTime = DateTime.Now;
        for(int i = 0; i < numberOfLoops; i++)
        {
            bufStream.Write(dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length);
        }
        bufStream.Flush();
        bufferedTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent in {1} seconds.\n",
            numberOfLoops * dataToSend.Length,
            bufferedTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Print the ratio of write times.
        Console.WriteLine("Sending data using the buffered " +
            "network stream was {0} {1} than using the network " +
            "stream alone.\n",
            (networkTime/bufferedTime).ToString("P0"),
            bufferedTime < networkTime ? "faster" : "slower");
    }

    static void ReceiveData(Stream netStream, Stream bufStream)
    {
        DateTime startTime;
        double networkTime, bufferedTime = 0;
        int bytesReceived = 0;
        byte[] receivedData = new byte[dataArraySize];

        // Receive data using the NetworkStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using NetworkStream.");
        startTime = DateTime.Now;
        while(bytesReceived < numberOfLoops * receivedData.Length)
        {
            bytesReceived += netStream.Read(
                receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length);
        }
        networkTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received in {1} seconds.\n",
            bytesReceived.ToString(),
            networkTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Receive data using the BufferedStream.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using BufferedStream.");
        bytesReceived = 0;
        startTime = DateTime.Now;

        int numBytesToRead = receivedData.Length;

        while (numBytesToRead > 0)
        {
            // Read may return anything from 0 to numBytesToRead.
            int n = bufStream.Read(receivedData,0, receivedData.Length);
            // The end of the file is reached.
            if (n == 0)
                break;
            bytesReceived += n;
            numBytesToRead -= n;
        }

        bufferedTime = (DateTime.Now - startTime).TotalSeconds;
        Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received in {1} seconds.\n",
            bytesReceived.ToString(),
            bufferedTime.ToString("F1"));

        // Print the ratio of read times.
        Console.WriteLine("Receiving data using the buffered network" +
            " stream was {0} {1} than using the network stream alone.",
            (networkTime/bufferedTime).ToString("P0"),
            bufferedTime < networkTime ? "faster" : "slower");
    }
}

示例 2：在服务器上运行的代码

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;

public class Server
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // This is a Windows Sockets 2 error code.
        const int WSAETIMEDOUT = 10060;

        Socket serverSocket;
        int bytesReceived, totalReceived = 0;
        byte[] receivedData = new byte[2000000];

        // Create random data to send to the client.
        byte[] dataToSend = new byte[2000000];
        new Random().NextBytes(dataToSend);

        IPAddress ipAddress =
            Dns.Resolve(Dns.GetHostName()).AddressList[0];

        IPEndPoint ipEndpoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, 1800);

        // Create a socket and listen for incoming connections.
        using(Socket listenSocket = new Socket(
            AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,
            ProtocolType.Tcp))
        {
            listenSocket.Bind(ipEndpoint);
            listenSocket.Listen(1);

            // Accept a connection and create a socket to handle it.
            serverSocket = listenSocket.Accept();
            Console.WriteLine("Server is connected.\n");
        }

        try
        {
            // Send data to the client.
            Console.Write("Sending data ... ");
            int bytesSent = serverSocket.Send(
                dataToSend, 0, dataToSend.Length, SocketFlags.None);
            Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes sent.\n",
                bytesSent.ToString());

            // Set the timeout for receiving data to 2 seconds.
            serverSocket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket,
                SocketOptionName.ReceiveTimeout, 2000);

            // Receive data from the client.
            Console.Write("Receiving data ... ");
            try
            {
                do
                {
                    bytesReceived = serverSocket.Receive(receivedData,
                        0, receivedData.Length, SocketFlags.None);
                    totalReceived += bytesReceived;
                }
                while(bytesReceived != 0);
            }
            catch(SocketException e)
            {
                if(e.ErrorCode == WSAETIMEDOUT)
                {
                    // Data was not received within the given time.
                    // Assume that the transmission has ended.
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}\n",
                        e.GetType().Name, e.Message);
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0} bytes received.\n",
                    totalReceived.ToString());
            }
        }
        finally
        {
            serverSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
            Console.WriteLine("Connection shut down.");
            serverSocket.Close();
        }
    }
}

注解

缓冲区是内存中用于缓存数据的字节块，从而减少对操作系统的调用次数。 缓冲区可提高读取和写入性能。 缓冲区可用于读取或写入，但绝不能同时用于两者。 的 ReadBufferedStream 和 Write 方法会自动维护缓冲区。

 重要

此类型实现 IDisposable 接口。 在使用完类型后，您应直接或间接释放类型。 若要直接释放类型，请在 try/catch 块中调用其 Dispose 方法。 若要间接释放类型，请使用 using（在 C# 中）或 Using（在 Visual Basic 中）等语言构造。 有关详细信息，请参阅 IDisposable 接口主题中的“使用实现 IDisposable 的对象”一节。

BufferedStream 可以围绕某些类型的流组成。 它提供用于在基础数据源或存储库中读取和写入字节的实现。 使用 BinaryReader 和 BinaryWriter 读取和写入其他数据类型。 BufferedStream 旨在防止缓冲区在不需要缓冲区时减慢输入和输出。 如果始终读取和写入大于内部缓冲区大小的大小，则 BufferedStream 甚至可能不分配内部缓冲区。 BufferedStream 还缓冲共享缓冲区中的读取和写入操作。 假设你几乎总是执行一系列读取或写入操作，但很少在两者之间交替。

原文地址：

BufferedStream 类 (System.IO) | Microsoft Learn