1 requests高级用法
1.0 解析json
# 发送http请求，返回的数据会有xml格式，也有json格式
import requests
data = {
'cname': '',
'pid': '',
'keyword': '500',
'pageIndex': 1,
'pageSize': 10,
}
res = requests.post('http://www.kfc.com.cn/kfccda/ashx/GetStoreList.ashx?op=keyword', data=data)
# print(res.text) # json 格式字符串---》json.cn
print(type(res.json())) # 转成对象 字典对象
1.1 ssl认证(了解)
# http协议：明文传输
# https协议：http+ssl/tls
HTTP+ SSL / TLS, 也就是在 http上又加了一层处理加密信息的模块，比http安全，可防止数据在传输过程中呗窃取，改变，确保数据的完整性
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/561907474
# 以后遇到证书提示错误问题 ssl xxx
1 不验证证书
import requests
respone = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', verify=False) # 不严重证书，报警给，返回200
print(respone.status_code)
2 关闭警告
import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings() # 关闭警告
respone=requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', verify=False)
print(respone.status_code)
3 手动携带证书(了解)
import requests
respone=requests.get('https://www.12306.cn', cert=('/path/server.crt', '/path/key'))
print(respone.status_code)
1.2 使用代理(重要)
# 如果爬虫使用自身ip地址访问，很有可能被封ip地址，以后就访问不了了
# 我们可以使用代理ip
# 代理：收费和免费(不稳定)
# res = requests.post('https://www.cnblogs.com',proxies={'http':'地址+端口'})
# res = requests.post('https://www.cnblogs.com', proxies={'http':'27.79.236.66:4001'})
res = requests.post('https://www.cnblogs.com', proxies={'http':'60.167.91.34:33080'})
print(res.status_code)
# 高匿代理和透明代理
-高匿，服务端拿不到真实客户端的ip地址
-透明：服务端能拿到真实客户端的ip地址
-后端如何拿到真实客户端ip地址
-http请求头中有个：X-Forwarded-For: client1, proxy1, proxy2, proxy3
-x-forwarded-for
-获得HTTP请求端真实的IP
1.3 超时设置
import requests
respone=requests.get('https://www.baidu.com', timeout=0.0001)
1.4 异常处理
import requests
from requests.exceptions import * # 可以查看requests.exceptions获取异常类型
try:
r=requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', timeout=0.00001)
except ReadTimeout:
print('===')
# except ConnectionError: # 网络不通
print('-----')
# except Timeout:
# print('aaaaa')
except RequestException:
print('Error')
1.5 上传文件
# 3 上传文件
import requests
files = {'file': open('美女.png', 'rb')}
respone = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', files=files)
print(respone.status_code)
2 代理池搭建
# requests 发送请求使用代理
# 代理从哪来
-公司花钱买
-搭建免费的代理池： https://github.com/jhao104/proxy_pool
-python：爬虫+flask写的
-架构：看下图
# 搭建步骤：
1 git clone https://github.com/jhao104/proxy_pool.git
2 使用pycharm打开
3 安装依赖：pip install -r requirements.txt
4 修改配置文件（redis地址即可）
HOST = "0.0.0.0"
PORT = 5010
DB_CONN = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0'
PROXY_FETCHER #爬取哪些免费代理网站
5 启动爬虫程序
python proxyPool.py schedule
6 启动服务端
python proxyPool.py server
7 使用随机一个免费代理
地址栏中输入：http://127.0.0.1:5010/get/
# 使用随机代理发送请求
import requests
from requests.packages import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings() # 关闭警告
# 获取代理
res = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5010/get/').json()
proxies = {}
if res['https']:
proxies['https'] = res['proxy']
else:
proxies['http'] = res['proxy']
print(proxies)
res = requests.post('https://www.cnblogs.com', proxies=proxies, verify=False)
# res = requests.post('https://www.cnblogs.com')
print(res)
2.1 django后端获取客户端的ip
# 建立django后端---》index地址---》访问就返回访问者的ip
# django代码---》不要忘记改配置文件
# 路由
path('', index),
# 视图函数
def index(requests):
ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
print('ip地址是', ip)
return HttpResponse(ip)
# 测试端
# import requests
# from requests.packages import urllib3
# urllib3.disable_warnings() #关闭警告
# # 获取代理
# res = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5010/get/').json()
# proxies = {}
# if res['https']:
# proxies['https'] = res['proxy']
# else:
# proxies['http'] = res['proxy']
#
# print(proxies)
# res=requests.get('http://101.43.19.239/', proxies=proxies,verify=False)
# print(res.text)
from threading import Thread
import requests
def task():
res = requests.get('http://101.43.19.239/')
print(res.text)
for i in range(10000000):
t = Thread(target=task)
t.start()
3 爬取某视频网站
import requests
import re
res = requests.get('https://www.pearvideo.com/category_loading.jsp?reqType=5&categoryId=1&start=0')
# print(res.text)
# 解析出真正视频地址
video_list = re.findall('<a href="(.*?)" class="vervideo-lilink actplay">', res.text)
# print(video_list)
for i in video_list:
# i='video_1212452'
video_id = i.split('_')[-1]
real_url = 'https://www.pearvidep.com/' + i
# print('真正视频地址是: ', real_url)
headers = {
'Referer': 'https://www.pearvideo.com/video_%s' % video_id
}
res1 = requests.get('https://www.pearvideo.com/videoStatus.jsp?contId=%s&mrd=0.29636538326105044' % video_id,
headers=headers).json()
# print(res1["videoInfo"]['videos']['srcUrl'])
mp4_url = res1["videoInfo"]['videos']['srcUrl']
mp4_url = mp4_url.replace(mp4_url.split('/')[-1].split('-')[0],'cont-%s' % video_id)
print(mp4_url)
res2 = requests.get(mp4_url)
with open('./video/%s.mp4' % video_id, 'wb') as f:
for line in res2.iter_content():
f.write(line)
# headers={
# 'Referer': 'https://www.pearvideo.com/video_1212452'
# }
# res=requests.get('https://www.pearvideo.com/videoStatus.jsp?contId=1212452&mrd=0.29636538326105044',headers=headers)
#
# print(res.text)
# https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/short/20171204/ 1678938313577 -11212458-hd.mp4
# https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/short/20171204/ cont-1212452 -11212458-hd.mp4
mp4_url = 'https://video.pearvideo.com/mp4/short/20171204/ 1678938313577-11212458-hd.mp4'
4 爬取新闻
import requests
# pip install beautifulsoup4 解析xml的库
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
res = requests.get('https://www.autohome.com.cn/all/1/#liststart')
# print(res.text)
# 第一个参数是要解析的文本 str
# 第二个参数是：解析的解析器 html.parser: 内置解析器 lxml:第三方需要额外安装
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
# 查找所有类名叫article的ul标签 find_all
ul_list = soup.find_all(name='ul', class_='article')
for ul in ul_list:
li_list = ul.find_all(name='li')
# print(len(li_list))
for li in li_list:
h3 = li.find(name='h3')
if h3: # 不是广告
title = h3.text
url = 'https:' + li.find('a').attrs['href']
desc = li.find('p').text
img = li.find(name='img').attrs['src']
print('''
新闻标题：%s
新闻连接：%s
新闻摘要：%s
新闻图片：%s
''' % (title, url, desc, img))
# 把所有图片下载到本地，把爬完的数据，存到mysql中---》pymysql---》commit