Vue急速入门-3

标签：function Vue return 入门急速 && var data name

内容概要

购物车小练习

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="vue/vue.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
                <h1 class="text-center">购物车</h1>
                <table class="table">
                    <thead>
                    <tr>
                        <th>商品编号</th>
                        <th>商品名称</th>
                        <th>商品单价</th>
                        <th>商品数量</th>
                        <th><input type="checkbox" v-model="checkAll" @change="checkAllFunc">全选择/不选择</th>
                    </tr>
                    </thead>
                    <tbody>
                    <tr v-for="good in goodList">
                        <th scope="row">{{good.id}}</th>
                        <td>{{good.name}}</td>
                        <td>{{good.price}}</td>
                        <td><button @click="good.count++">加</button>{{good.count}} <button @click="downClick(good)">减</button></td>
                        <td><input type="checkbox" :value="good" v-model="tempList" @change="oneChoiceFunc"></td>
                        <!--绑定value 通过v-model的绑定就可以将value的值传给 tempList中-->
                    </tr>
                    </tbody>
                </table>
                <button class="btn btn-block btn-success">提交</button>
                商品详情 : {{tempList}} <br>
                总价： {{getPrice()}}
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el: '#app',
        data: {
            checkAll: false,
            goodList: [
                {"id": '1', "name": '汽车', "price": 1001, "count": 60},
                {"id": '2', "name": '卡车', "price": 10021, "count": 1},
                {"id": '3', "name": '奔驰', "price": 10201, "count": 13},
                {"id": '4', "name": '宝马', "price": 101101, "count": 30},
            ],
            tempList: [],
        },
        methods: {
            getPrice: function () {
                var total = 0
                for (goods of this.tempList) {
                    total += goods.price * goods.count
                }
                return total
            },
            checkAllFunc(){
                if (this.checkAll){
                    this.tempList = this.goodList
                } else {
                    this.tempList = []
                }

            },
            oneChoiceFunc () {
                // if (this.tempList.length == this.goodList.length){
                //     this.checkAll = true
                // }else{
                //     this.checkAll = false
                // }
                this.checkAll = (this.tempList.length == this.goodList.length)  // 判断临时购物车列表与数据长度是否一致
            },
            downClick(good){
                if (good.count > 1){
                    good.count--  // 自减一
                }else {
                    alert('别点啦 没东西了！')
                }
            }
        }
    })
</script>
</html>

python中没有值类型和引用类型的叫法
【因为python一切皆对象，对象都是地址都是引用】
-可变类型当参数传到函数中，在函数中修改会影响原来的
-不可变类型当参数传到函数中，在函数中修改不会影响原来的
# 在js中传入了 '对象' ，在函数中修改，会影响了原来的本身
-js 的对象是引用类型

v-model进阶

lazy：等待input框的数据绑定时区焦点之后再变化

<h1>lazy</h1>
    <input type="text" v-model.lazy="myText">---->{{myText}}
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el: '.app',
        data: {myText: '',}
			})
</script>

number：数字开头，只保留数字，后面的字母不保留；字母开头，都保留

    <h1>number</h1>
    <input type="text" v-model.number="myNumber">---->{{myNumber}}
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el: '.app',
        data: {myNumber: '',}
			})
</script>

trim：去除首位的空格

<h1>trim</h1>
    <input type="text" v-model.trim="myTrim">---->{{myTrim}}
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el: '.app',
        data: {myTrim: '',}
			})
</script>

Vue与后端交互

前端:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="vue/vue.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="jquery-3.5.1/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h1>后端交互测试</h1>
    <button @click="handelInfo" class="btn btn-success">点击展示信息</button>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div v-if="age!=0">
        <p>姓名:{{name}}</p>
        <p>年龄:{{age}}</p>
        <p>性别:{{gender}}</p>
    </div>

    <div v-else>
            暂无用户信息
    </div>

</div>
</body>
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{name:'',age:0,gender:'未知'},
        methods:{
            handelInfo(){
                $.ajax({
                    url:'http://127.0.0.1:8000/collection/',
                    type:'get',
                    success:data=>{
                        this.name = data.name
                        this.age = data.age
                        this.gender = data.gender
                    }
                })
            }
        }    },
    )
</script>
</html>

后端:
视图层

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class CollectionView(APIView):

    def get(self,request):
        print(request.query_params)
        back_dict = {'name':'lyf','age':20,'gender':'女'}
        return Response(back_dict)

路由层

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('collection/', views.CollectionView.as_view()),
]

跨域问题：
	浏览器原因，只要向不是地址栏中的[域:地址和端口]发送请求，拿到的数据就会被浏览器拦截

处理跨域问题
	后端通过在响应头中加入允许即可
	CORS：服务器设置HTTP响应头中Access-Control-Allow-Origin值，解除跨域限制

跨域问题前端解决方案参考
http://http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-hjjfpciv-nv.html
跨域问题后端解决方案参考
https://blog.csdn.net/qq991658923/article/details/121293506

我上面的代码使用的是 jquery的 ajax
发的是简单的get请求，后端通过添加键值对,解决跨域问题

fetch发送ajax请求

# fetch 提供了一个 JavaScript 接口，用于访问和操纵 HTTP 管道的一些具体部分，例如请求和响应
	-新的发送ajax 接口
    -用起来比较方便
    -支持promise写法[最新的异步写法]
    -解决了原生的XMLHttpRequest兼容性的问题
    -不是所有浏览器都支持
    -主流现在是用axios[第三方]发送请求
# XMLHttpRequest: 原生js提供的
	-比较老，不同浏览器需要做一些兼容性的处理，写起来比较麻烦
    -jq基于它做了封装
 # 发送ajax请求，

前端代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="vue/vue.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="jquery-3.5.1/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h1>后端交互测试</h1>
    <button @click="handelInfo" class="btn btn-success">点击展示信息</button>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div v-if="age!=0">
        <p>姓名:{{name}}</p>
        <p>年龄:{{age}}</p>
        <p>性别:{{gender}}</p>
    </div>

    <div v-else>
            暂无用户信息
    </div>

</div>
</body>
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{name:'',age:0,gender:'未知'},
        methods:{
            handelInfo(){
                // $.ajax({
                //     url:'http://127.0.0.1:8000/collection/',
                //     type:'get',
                //     success:data=>{
                //         this.name = data.name
                //         this.age = data.age
                //         this.gender = data.gender
                //     }
                // })
                fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/collection/').then(reponse=>reponse.json()).then(
                    res=>{
                        console.log(res)
                        this.name = res.name
                        this.age = res.age
                        this.gender = res.gender
                    }
                )
            }
        }    },
    )
</script>
</html>

axios发送ajax请求

CDN使用

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios/dist/axios.min.js"></script>  //cdn引入

下载

点击查看代码

/* axios v0.21.0 | (c) 2020 by Matt Zabriskie */
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//# sourceMappingURL=axios.min.map

我们以后会经常使用vue上的axios
来向后端发送ajax请求，
Axios 是一个基于promise 的HTTP库，还是基于XMLHttpRequest封装的

我们提交请求后得到该数据:注意这个数据本身就是data,我们自己的数据也叫做data，
相当于对象里面又套了对象，我们通过句点符的形式取出我们所需要的数据

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="vue/vue.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="vue/axios.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h1>后端交互测试</h1>
    <button @click="handelInfo" class="btn btn-success">点击展示信息</button>
    <br>
    <br>
    <div v-if="age!=0">
        <p>姓名:{{name}}</p>
        <p>年龄:{{age}}</p>
        <p>性别:{{gender}}</p>
    </div>

    <div v-else>
            暂无用户信息
    </div>

</div>
</body>
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{name:'',age:0,gender:'未知'},
        methods:{
            handelInfo(){

                axios.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/collection/').then(
                    res =>{
                        console.log(res)
                        this.name = res.data.name
                        this.age = res.data.age
                        this.gender = res.data.gender
                    }
                )
            }
        }    },
    )
</script>
</html>

小电影案例练习

网址:https://m.maizuo.com/v5/?co=mzmovie#/films/nowPlaying
抓数据

右键复制obj到 https://www.json.cn/ 中

创建文件.json格式将内容复制到文件中即可！~

前端

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="vue/vue.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.21.0/axios.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
    <h1>后端交互测试</h1>
    <button @click="handelInfo" class="btn btn-success">点击展示电影信息</button>
    <ul>
        <li v-for="item in dataList">
            <h2>名字：{{item.name}}</h2>
            <h3>导演：{{item.director}}</h3>
            <h3>类型：{{item.category}}</h3>
            <p>简介：{{item.synopsis}}</p>
            <img :src="item.poster" alt="" height="300px" width="200px">

        </li>
    </ul>



</div>
</body>
<script>
    var vm = new Vue({
        el:'#app',
        data:{dataList:[]},
        methods:{
            handelInfo(){
                axios.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/collection/').then(
                    res =>{
                        console.log(res)
                        this.dataList = res.data.data.films
                    }
                )
            }
        }    },
    )
</script>
</html>

后端
视图层
django-drf

from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework.views import APIView
class CollectionView(APIView):
    def get(self,request):
        with open(r'D:\vuecollections\info.json','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
            back_dict = json.load(f)
        obj = Response(back_dict)
        obj['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'  # 针对简单请求
        return obj

路由层

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('collection/', views.CollectionView.as_view()),
]

Vue生命周期

从Vue实例创建开始，到实例被销毁
总共经历了8个生命周期(钩子函数)
	钩子:如 反序列化验证 ---> 钩子函数
	专业名称: 面向切面编程(AOP)
	OOP:面向对象编程
# 8个生命周期钩子函数
    beforeCreate	  创建Vue实例之前调用
    created	          创建Vue实例成功后调用（可以在此处发送异步请求后端数据）
    beforeMount	      渲染DOM之前调用
    mounted	          渲染DOM之后调用
    beforeUpdate	  重新渲染之前调用（数据更新等操作时，控制DOM重新渲染）
    updated	          重新渲染完成之后调用
    beforeDestroy	  销毁之前调用
    destroyed	      销毁之后调用

# 重点：
	-1 用的最多的，created  发送ajax请求----》有的人放在mounted中加载
		区别在于 created时还没有数据,有人放在mounted中加载
		
	-2 beforeDestroy
    	-组件一创建，created中启动一个定时器
        -组件被销毁,beforeDestroy销毁定时器

http协议是只能通过请求发送，得到响应，
这也就意味着服务端并不能主动的推送数据给客户端，
我们获取数据就是基于请求而已

如果我们想要实现实时聊天的效果(在线聊天室)
	轮询: 定时器+ajax ---知识点 http---版本区别
	长轮询: 定时器+ ajax
	websocket协议：服务端主动推送消息

参考博客: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/371500343

Vue组件

标签：function,Vue,return,入门,急速,&&,var,data,name
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ddsuifeng/p/17128067.html