1.词汇手段
可以通过以下词汇实现强调目的:
(1)通过only, even, alone, just, ever, very, too, exact, mere, same, at all, on earth,inthe world rather, eraedy, simply, entirely, completely,if ever, if any 等对其所修饰的内容进行强调。
You alone should determine what is right for you.
只有你应该决定什么是适合你的。
How on earth did the accident happen?
事故到底是怎么发生的?
He has little, if any, money left. 他剩余的钱,即使有,也很少
(2)通过 however/whatever/wherever/whenever/whoever/whichever, no matter how/what/where/whewho/which等实现强调目的。
Whatever/No mater what the result is, I will accept it. 无论结果是什么,我都会接受的Whenever/No matier uwhen she comes, she brings a friend.她每次来都带着一个朋友。
(3)通过助动词do(does, did)强调谓语动词,其结构为“主语+do/does/did+动词原形+其他”。如果句中没有助动词,可以在肯定句中的谓语动词前面加do的相应形式表示强调,通常用于时态为一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中,也可以用于祈使句中。翻译时可以译为“务必,一定,确实”。
Do send them these books today.
今天务必把这些书寄给他们。
I did call you several times this morning but I couldn't get through.
我今天上午确实给你打了几次电话,但我都没打通。
2.语法手段
通过语法手段实现强调目的的句型主要有以下几种:
(1)强调句的陈述句形式。
1强调句型的基本结构为:lt is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。被强调的部分通常为主语、宾语或状语。被强调部分如果是人,其后可以用who连接,也可以用that连接;被强调部分如果是事物,其后只能用that连接。翻译时可在被强调部分前增译“是”“正是”“就是”等。
It was Professor Wu that/who sent me the letter.(强调主语)给我寄信的正是吴教授。
It was this novel that they talked about last week.(强调宾语)他们上周讨论的正是这本小说。
It was at a party that I first met her.(强调地点状语)
我是在一个派对上第一次遇见她的。
It was last Monday that I got my new job.(强调时间状语)我是在上周一找到我的新工作的
强调句的判断依据:如果去掉Itis/was和that/who句子在结构和意思上仍然完整,那就是强调句。另外,though和although引导的让步状语从句一般不作被强调部分。
2强调not.umtil..结构中表示时间状语的until短语或从句时,要用固定的强调句型:It is/was not until...that.... 其中that后面的部分要用肯定形式。
It eas not until the morning that the noise stopped.
直到早上噪音才停止。
t was not until the driver woke me up that I realized the bus had arrived at the terminal.直到司机叫醒我,我才意识到公共汽车已经到达终点站了。
3强调原因状语从句时,只能用“It is/was+because从句+that+其他”句型,其中because不能换成as,simce或for。
It eas because the project was unprofitable that they refused to take it over.
正是因为这个项目无利可图他们才拒绝接管。
(2)强调句的疑问句形式。
一般疑问句的强调句式是“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他(陈述句语序)”。特殊疑问句的强调句式是“特殊疑问词(疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was it that+其他(陈述句语序)”。注意,特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以被强调。
Was it Sally that/who phoned just now?刚才打电话的正是萨莉吗?
What is it that you want me to say?你到底想让我说什么?
Why is it that you want to change your mind?你究竟为什么想要改变主意?