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mt_Day4:常用API(String,ArryList)

时间:2023-01-11 23:24:22浏览次数:45  
标签:String ArryList Day4 list System add println out

常用API(String,ArryList)

String

1.String

String对象不可变的原因:

1.String变量每次的修改其实都是产生并指向了新的字符对象

2.原来的字符对象都是没有改变的,所以称为不可变字符串

2.创建String对象

        //1." "给出对象
        String s3="你好hello";
        //2.new 构造器给出对象
        //字符拼接成串
        char[] chars={'a','b','你','好'};
        String s1=new String(chars);
        System.out.println(s1); //  输出的结果:ab你好
        //byte转为abc
        byte[] bytes={97,99,98};    //byte:-128~127
        String s2=new String(bytes);
        System.out.println(s2); //输出结果:acb

常用的构造器

区别:

1.“ ”给出对象:字符串在 字符串常量池中 存储,相同内容只存一份。

2.构造器new给出对象:每new一次都会产生一个新对象,放在 中。

        String s1="你好hello";
        String s2="你好hello";
        System.out.println(s1==s2); //true,s1,s2地址相同

        char[] chars={'a','b','你','好'};
        String s3=new String(chars);
        String s4=new String(chars);
        System.out.println(s3==s4); //false,s3,s4地址不同

面试题目

        String s1=new String("abc");//创建了2个对象,常量池里+堆里
        String s2="abc";//创建0个对象,常量池里已经有了
        System.out.println(s1==s2);//false,s1指向堆里的,s2指向常量池里

        String s3="abc";
        String s4="a"+"b"+"c";
        System.out.println(s3==s4);//true,java存在编译优化机制,程序编译时"a"+"b"+"c"直接转成"abc"

3.String常用功能

1字符串内容比较

        //1.字符串是否相等:password.equals(okpassword)
        String okpassword="123456";
        System.out.println("请输入密码:");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        String password=sc.next();

        if(password.equals(okpassword)){
            System.out.println("密码正确");
        }else{
            System.out.println("密码错误");
        }
        //2.忽略大小写进行比较
        String okcode="16oFAh";
        String code="16ofah";
        System.out.println(okcode.equals(code));//false
        System.out.println(okcode.equalsIgnoreCase(code));//true

        //遍历字符串
        String s1="我爱你中国";
        for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++) {
            char c=s1.charAt(i);
            System.out.print(c+"\t");
        }
        System.out.println();

        //转化为字符数组
        char[] ch1=s1.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < ch1.length; i++) {
            System.out.print(ch1[i]+"\t");
        }
        System.out.println();

        //截取片段
        String s2="床前明月光";
        String ss2=s2.substring(0,3);//范围包前不包后
        String sss2=s2.substring(1);//从1开始,截到尾
        System.out.println(ss2);
        System.out.println(sss2);

        //替换片段
        String s3="张三是学生,张三在学习Java";
        String ss3=s3.replace("张三","***");
        System.out.println(ss3);//***是学生,***在学习Java

        //是否包含片段
        System.out.println(s3.contains("张三"));//true
        System.out.println(s3.contains("张四"));//false

        //是否以片段开始
        System.out.println(s3.startsWith("张三"));//true

        //按某个字符分割
        String s4="张三,李四,王五";
        String[] names=s4.split(",");
        for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(names[i]);
        }

3.练习:

        //随机生成验证码5位
        String chars="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
        String code="";
        Random r=new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            int index=r.nextInt(chars.length());
            code+=chars.charAt(index);
        }
        System.out.println("验证码为:"+code);
        //用户名、密码登录,3次机会
        String username="John";
        String okpassword="123456";
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

        for(int i=1;i<=3;i++){
            System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
            String name=sc.next();
            System.out.println("请输入密码:");
            String code=sc.next();
            if(name.equals(username)){
                if(code.equals(okpassword)){
                    System.out.println("登陆成功");
                    break;
                }else {
                    System.out.println("密码错误,请从新输入(还有"+(3-i)+"次机会");
                }
            }else{
                System.out.println("用户名不正确,请重新输入(还有"+(3-i)+"次机会");
            }
        }
        //手机号遮蔽:保留前3位,屏蔽中间4位,保留后3位
        System.out.println("请输入一个手机号:");
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        String phoneNumber=sc.next();
        //138****7341
        String s1=phoneNumber.substring(0,3);
        String s2=phoneNumber.substring(7);
        System.out.println("屏蔽后:"+s1+"****"+s2);
    }

ArryList

1.ArryList(集合)特点

集合适合元素个数不确定,且要进行增删操作的业务场景

2.使用

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建集合对象
        ArrayList list=new ArrayList();

        //2.添加数据
        list.add("Java");
        list.add("MySQL");
        list.add("汽车");
        list.add(10.2);
        list.add(false);
        list.add('a');
        System.out.println(list);   //结果:[Java, MySQL, 汽车, 10.2, false, a]

        //3.给指定索引位置插入元素
        list.add(1,"【插入元素】");
        System.out.println(list);	//结果:[Java, 【插入元素】, MySQL, 汽车, 10.2, false, a]
    }

泛型概述

ArrayList:其实是就是一个泛型类,在编译阶段约束集合对象只能操作某种数据类型。

public class test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<String>();
        list.add("Java");
        list.add("MySQL");
        
        ArrayList<Integer> list2=new ArrayList<Integer>();
        list2.add(10);
        list2.add(200);
    }
}

3.常用API

        ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("Java");
        list.add("MySQL");
        list.add("MyBatis");
        list.add("HTML");
        list.add("Java");
        System.out.println(list);//[Java, MySQL, MyBatis, HTML, Java]

        //1.获取某索引位置的元素
        String s1=list.get(2);
        System.out.println(s1);

        //2.获取集合大小
        System.out.println(list.size());

        //3.集合遍历
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            System.out.println(list.get(i));
        }

        //4.删除某索引位置的元素
        System.out.println(list);
        String s=list.remove(2);//返回String
        System.out.println(list);
        System.out.println(s);

        //5.删除某个元素,返回true,false
        System.out.println(list.remove("HTML"));//true
        System.out.println(list);
        System.out.println(list.remove("Java"));//若有多个重复元素,只删除最前面的一个
        System.out.println(list);

        //6.修改某个索引位置的元素值,返回被修改的的元素
        String e=list.set(0,"[修改]");
        System.out.println(e);//MySQL
        System.out.println(list);

4.案例练习

1.遍历成绩,删除80分以下的成绩

public static void main(String[] args) {
        //存一个班级的成绩
        ArrayList<Integer> scores=new ArrayList<>();
        scores.add(60);
        scores.add(70);
        scores.add(85);
        scores.add(55);
        scores.add(98);
        scores.add(87);
        scores.add(76);
        System.out.println(scores); //[60, 70, 85, 55, 98, 87, 76]

        //去掉80分以下的
    
        //错误案例:
//        for (int i = 0; i < scores.size(); i++) {
//            if(scores.get(i)<80){
//                scores.remove(i);
//            }
//        }
//        System.out.println(scores); //[70, 85, 98, 87],并没有删干净
        //【注意】:将60删除后,70自动向前移动,但循环中i继续加,70被跳过
        //正确案例:
        for (int i = 0; i < scores.size(); i++) {
            if(scores.get(i)<80){
                scores.remove(i);
                i--;    //每删除成功一个,i要向前退一位,保证下次回到这个位置,不会跳过元素
            }
        }
        System.out.println(scores);//[85, 98, 87]
    }
//法二:倒着遍历集合
        for (int i =scores.size()-1; i < =0; i--) {
            if(scores.get(i)<80){
                scores.remove(i);
            }
        }

2.集合装3个电影

public class test4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Movie m1=new Movie("《肖申克的救赎》",9.7,"罗宾斯");
        Movie m2=new Movie("《霸王别姬》",9.6,"张国荣、张丰毅");
        Movie m3=new Movie("《阿甘正传》",9.5,"汤姆·汉克斯");
        ArrayList<Movie> movies=new ArrayList<>();
        movies.add(m1); //集合中存的是对象的地址
        movies.add(m2);
        movies.add(m3);
        for (int i = 0; i < movies.size(); i++) {
            Movie m=movies.get(i);
            System.out.println(m.getName()+", "+m.getScore()+", "+m.getActor());
        }
    }
}
public class Movie {
    private String name;
    private double score;
    private String actor;

    public Movie() {
    }

    public Movie(String name, double score, String actor) {
        this.name = name;
        this.score = score;
        this.actor = actor;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public double getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public String getActor() {
        return actor;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setScore(double score) {
        this.score = score;
    }

    public void setActor(String actor) {
        this.actor = actor;
    }
}

4.学生信息搜索

public class test6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ArrayList<Student> students=new ArrayList<>();
        students.add(new Student("1010","张三",21,"一班"));
        students.add(new Student("1018","李四",24,"二班"));
        students.add(new Student("1024","王五",20,"一班"));
        students.add(new Student("1011","李华",22,"六班"));

        //遍历展示
        System.out.println("学号\t\t姓名\t\t年龄\t\t班级");
        for (int i = 0; i < students.size(); i++) {
            Student s=students.get(i);
            System.out.println(s.getId()+"\t"+s.getName()+
                    "\t\t"+s.getAge()+"\t\t"+s.getClassName());
        }

        //按学号搜索,定义一个方法
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        while(true){
            System.out.println("请输入要查找的学生的id:");
            String id=sc.next();
            Student s1=getStudentByID(students,id);
            if(s1!=null){
                System.out.println("找到了");
                System.out.println(s1.getId()+"\t"+s1.getName()+
                        "\t\t"+s1.getAge()+"\t\t"+s1.getClassName());
            }else{
                System.out.println("查无此人,请重新输入id");
            }
        }
    }
    public static Student getStudentByID(ArrayList<Student> s,String id){
        //遍历查找
        for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
            Student s1=s.get(i);
            if(s1.getId().equals(id)){
                return s1;
            }
        }
        //查无此人
        return null;
    }
}
public class Student {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String className;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String id, String name, int age, String className) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.className = className;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public String getClassName() {
        return className;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public void setClassName(String className) {
        this.className = className;
    }
}

标签:String,ArryList,Day4,list,System,add,println,out
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/mt-nika/p/17045168.html

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