ElasticSearch的基本用法与集群搭建 good

一、简介

ElasticSearch和Solr都是基于Lucene的搜索引擎，不过ElasticSearch天生支持分布式，而Solr是4.0版本后的SolrCloud才是分布式版本，Solr的分布式支持需要ZooKeeper的支持。

这里有一个详细的ElasticSearch和Solr的对比：http://solr-vs-elasticsearch.com/

二、基本用法

Elasticsearch集群可以包含多个索引（indices），每一个索引可以包含多个类型（types），每一个类型包含多个文档（documents），然后每个文档包含多个字段（Fields），这种面向文档型的储存，也算是NoSQL的一种吧。

ES比传统关系型数据库，对一些概念上的理解：

Relational DB -> Databases -> Tables -> Rows -> Columns
Elasticsearch -> Indices   -> Types  -> Documents -> Fields

从创建一个Client到添加、删除、查询等基本用法：

1、创建Client

public ElasticSearchService(String ipAddress, int port) {
        client = new TransportClient()
                .addTransportAddress(new InetSocketTransportAddress(ipAddress,
                        port));
    }

这里是一个TransportClient。

ES下两种客户端对比：

TransportClient：轻量级的Client，使用Netty线程池，Socket连接到ES集群。本身不加入到集群，只作为请求的处理。

Node Client：客户端节点本身也是ES节点，加入到集群，和其他ElasticSearch节点一样。频繁的开启和关闭这类Node Clients会在集群中产生“噪音”。

2、创建/删除Index和Type信息

// 创建索引
    public void createIndex() {
        client.admin().indices().create(new CreateIndexRequest(IndexName))
                .actionGet();
    }

    // 清除所有索引
    public void deleteIndex() {
        IndicesExistsResponse indicesExistsResponse = client.admin().indices()
                .exists(new IndicesExistsRequest(new String[] { IndexName }))
                .actionGet();
        if (indicesExistsResponse.isExists()) {
            client.admin().indices().delete(new DeleteIndexRequest(IndexName))
                    .actionGet();
        }
    }
    
    // 删除Index下的某个Type
    public void deleteType(){
        client.prepareDelete().setIndex(IndexName).setType(TypeName).execute().actionGet();
    }

    // 定义索引的映射类型
    public void defineIndexTypeMapping() {
        try {
            XContentBuilder mapBuilder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
            mapBuilder.startObject()
            .startObject(TypeName)
                .startObject("properties")
                    .startObject(IDFieldName).field("type", "long").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                    .startObject(SeqNumFieldName).field("type", "long").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                    .startObject(IMSIFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                    .startObject(IMEIFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                    .startObject(DeviceIDFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                    .startObject(OwnAreaFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                    .startObject(TeleOperFieldName).field("type", "string").field("index", "not_analyzed").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                    .startObject(TimeFieldName).field("type", "date").field("store", "yes").endObject()
                .endObject()
            .endObject()
            .endObject();

            PutMappingRequest putMappingRequest = Requests
                    .putMappingRequest(IndexName).type(TypeName)
                    .source(mapBuilder);
            client.admin().indices().putMapping(putMappingRequest).actionGet();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error(e.toString());
        }
    }

这里自定义了某个Type的索引映射（Mapping），默认ES会自动处理数据类型的映射：针对整型映射为long，浮点数为double，字符串映射为string，时间为date，true或false为boolean。

注意：针对字符串，ES默认会做“analyzed”处理，即先做分词、去掉stop words等处理再index。如果你需要把一个字符串做为整体被索引到，需要把这个字段这样设置：field("index", "not_analyzed")。

详情参考：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/current/mapping-intro.html

3、索引数据

// 批量索引数据
    public void indexHotSpotDataList(List<Hotspotdata> dataList) {
        if (dataList != null) {
            int size = dataList.size();
            if (size > 0) {
                BulkRequestBuilder bulkRequest = client.prepareBulk();
                for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
                    Hotspotdata data = dataList.get(i);
                    String jsonSource = getIndexDataFromHotspotData(data);
                    if (jsonSource != null) {
                        bulkRequest.add(client
                                .prepareIndex(IndexName, TypeName,
                                        data.getId().toString())
                                .setRefresh(true).setSource(jsonSource));
                    }
                }

                BulkResponse bulkResponse = bulkRequest.execute().actionGet();
                if (bulkResponse.hasFailures()) {
                    Iterator<BulkItemResponse> iter = bulkResponse.iterator();
                    while (iter.hasNext()) {
                        BulkItemResponse itemResponse = iter.next();
                        if (itemResponse.isFailed()) {
                            log.error(itemResponse.getFailureMessage());
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 索引数据
    public boolean indexHotspotData(Hotspotdata data) {
        String jsonSource = getIndexDataFromHotspotData(data);
        if (jsonSource != null) {
            IndexRequestBuilder requestBuilder = client.prepareIndex(IndexName,
                    TypeName).setRefresh(true);
            requestBuilder.setSource(jsonSource)
                    .execute().actionGet();
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    // 得到索引字符串
    public String getIndexDataFromHotspotData(Hotspotdata data) {
        String jsonString = null;
        if (data != null) {
            try {
                XContentBuilder jsonBuilder = XContentFactory.jsonBuilder();
                jsonBuilder.startObject().field(IDFieldName, data.getId())
                        .field(SeqNumFieldName, data.getSeqNum())
                        .field(IMSIFieldName, data.getImsi())
                        .field(IMEIFieldName, data.getImei())
                        .field(DeviceIDFieldName, data.getDeviceID())
                        .field(OwnAreaFieldName, data.getOwnArea())
                        .field(TeleOperFieldName, data.getTeleOper())
                        .field(TimeFieldName, data.getCollectTime())
                        .endObject();
                jsonString = jsonBuilder.string();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.equals(e);
            }
        }

        return jsonString;
    }

ES支持批量和单个数据索引。

4、查询获取数据

// 获取少量数据100个
    private List<Integer> getSearchData(QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
        List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
        SearchResponse searchResponse = client.prepareSearch(IndexName)
                .setTypes(TypeName).setQuery(queryBuilder).setSize(100)
                .execute().actionGet();
        SearchHits searchHits = searchResponse.getHits();
        for (SearchHit searchHit : searchHits) {
            Integer id = (Integer) searchHit.getSource().get("id");
            ids.add(id);
        }
        return ids;
    }

    // 获取大量数据
    private List<Integer> getSearchDataByScrolls(QueryBuilder queryBuilder) {
        List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>();
        // 一次获取100000数据
        SearchResponse scrollResp = client.prepareSearch(IndexName)
                .setSearchType(SearchType.SCAN).setScroll(new TimeValue(60000))
                .setQuery(queryBuilder).setSize(100000).execute().actionGet();
        while (true) {
            for (SearchHit searchHit : scrollResp.getHits().getHits()) {
                Integer id = (Integer) searchHit.getSource().get(IDFieldName);
                ids.add(id);
            }
            scrollResp = client.prepareSearchScroll(scrollResp.getScrollId())
                    .setScroll(new TimeValue(600000)).execute().actionGet();
            if (scrollResp.getHits().getHits().length == 0) {
                break;
            }
        }

        return ids;
    }

这里的QueryBuilder是一个查询条件，ES支持分页查询获取数据，也可以一次性获取大量数据，需要使用Scroll Search。

5、聚合（Aggregation Facet）查询 

// 得到某段时间内设备列表上每个设备的数据分布情况<设备ID，数量>
    public Map<String, String> getDeviceDistributedInfo(String startTime,
            String endTime, List<String> deviceList) {

        Map<String, String> resultsMap = new HashMap<>();

        QueryBuilder deviceQueryBuilder = getDeviceQueryBuilder(deviceList);
        QueryBuilder rangeBuilder = getDateRangeQueryBuilder(startTime, endTime);
        QueryBuilder queryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
                .must(deviceQueryBuilder).must(rangeBuilder);

        TermsBuilder termsBuilder = AggregationBuilders.terms("DeviceIDAgg").size(Integer.MAX_VALUE)
                .field(DeviceIDFieldName);
        SearchResponse searchResponse = client.prepareSearch(IndexName)
                .setQuery(queryBuilder).addAggregation(termsBuilder)
                .execute().actionGet();
        Terms terms = searchResponse.getAggregations().get("DeviceIDAgg");
        if (terms != null) {
            for (Terms.Bucket entry : terms.getBuckets()) {
                resultsMap.put(entry.getKey(),
                        String.valueOf(entry.getDocCount()));
            }
        }
        return resultsMap;
    }

Aggregation查询可以查询类似统计分析这样的功能：如某个月的数据分布情况，某类数据的最大、最小、总和、平均值等。

详情参考：https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-api/current/java-aggs.html

三、集群配置

配置文件elasticsearch.yml

集群名和节点名：

#cluster.name: elasticsearch

#node.name: "Franz Kafka"

是否参与master选举和是否存储数据

#node.master: true

#node.data: true

分片数和副本数

#index.number_of_shards: 5
#index.number_of_replicas: 1

master选举最少的节点数，这个一定要设置为整个集群节点个数的一半加1，即N/2+1

#discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 1

discovery ping的超时时间，拥塞网络，网络状态不佳的情况下设置高一点

#discovery.zen.ping.timeout: 3s

注意，分布式系统整个集群节点个数N要为奇数个！！

如何避免ElasticSearch发生脑裂（brain split）：http://blog.trifork.com/2013/10/24/how-to-avoid-the-split-brain-problem-in-elasticsearch/

即使集群节点个数为奇数，minimum_master_nodes为整个集群节点个数一半加1，也难以避免脑裂的发生，详情看讨论：https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/2488

四、Elasticsearch插件

1、elasticsearch-head是一个elasticsearch的集群管理工具：./elasticsearch-1.7.1/bin/plugin -install mobz/elasticsearch-head

2、elasticsearch-sql：使用SQL语法查询elasticsearch：./bin/plugin -u https://github.com/NLPchina/elasticsearch-sql/releases/download/1.3.5/elasticsearch-sql-1.3.5.zip --install sql

github地址：​​https://github.com/NLPchina/elasticsearch-sql​​

3、elasticsearch-bigdesk是elasticsearch的一个集群监控工具，可以通过它来查看ES集群的各种状态。

安装：./bin/plugin -install lukas-vlcek/bigdesk

访问：​​http://192.103.101.203:9200/_plugin/bigdesk/​​，

4、elasticsearch-servicewrapper插件是ElasticSearch的服务化插件，

在https://github.com/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-servicewrapper下载该插件后，解压缩，将service目录拷贝到elasticsearch目录的bin目录下。

而后，可以通过执行以下语句安装、启动、停止ElasticSearch：

sh elasticsearch install

sh elasticsearch start

sh elasticsearch stop

参考：

​​https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/client/java-api/current/index.html​​

​​https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html​​

​​http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10213009/solr-vs-elasticsearch​​

​

解决bigdesk环境搭建问题：

e:\elasticsearch-2.3.4\bin>plugin.bat install lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/2.5.0
-> Installing lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/2.5.0...
Trying https://download.elastic.co/lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/bigdesk-2.5.0.zip ...
Trying https://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/2.5.0/bigdesk-2.5.0.zip ...
Trying https://oss.sonatype.org/service/local/repositories/releases/content/luka
s-vlcek/bigdesk/2.5.0/bigdesk-2.5.0.zip ...
Trying https://github.com/lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/archive/2.5.0.zip ...
Trying https://github.com/lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/archive/master.zip ...
Downloading ....................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
......................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
ERROR: Could not find plugin descriptor 'plugin-descriptor.properties' in plugin zip

解决办法：https://github.com/lukas-vlcek/bigdesk/issues/86

I have modified bigdesk code to be compatible with elasticsearch 2.x
https://github.com/nishantsaini/bigdesk
Hope this helps

e:\elasticsearch-2.3.4\bin>plugin.bat install nishantsaini/bigdesk
-> Installing nishantsaini/bigdesk...
Trying https://github.com/nishantsaini/bigdesk/archive/master.zip ...
Downloading ....................................................................
................................................................................
................................................................................
......................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/nishantsaini/bigdesk/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
Installed bigdesk into e:\elasticsearch-2.3.4\plugins\bigdesk

e:\elasticsearch-2.3.4\bin>
e:\elasticsearch-2.3.4\bin>
e:\elasticsearch-2.3.4\bin>plugin.bat list
Installed plugins in e:\elasticsearch-2.3.4\plugins:
    - bigdesk
    - head
    - ik

 查看效果：
​​​http://localhost:9200/_plugin/bigdesk/​​