autowire interface AbstractManager instead of class MailManager.
If you have different implemetations of AbstractManager you can write @Component("mailService") and then @Autowired @Qualifier("mailService") combination to autowire specific class.
This is due to the fact that Spring creates and uses proxy objects based on the interfaces.
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.sns.api.service.IUserInfoService com.sns.rest.restful.UserController.userInfoService;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userInfoService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.sns.api.service.IUserTagService com.vncservice.impl.UserInfoService.userTagService;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'userTagService': Injection of autowired dependencies failed;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: private com.vncservice.impl.TagService com.vncservice.impl.UserTagService.tagService;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [com.impl.VNCService] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
I've started my project by creating entities, services and JUnit tests for services using Spring and Hibernate. All of this works great. Then I've added spring-mvc to make this web application using many different step-by-step tutorials, but when I'm trying to make Controller with @Autowired annotation, I'm getting errors from Glassfish during deployment. I guess that for some reason Spring doesn't see my services, but after many attempts I still can't handle it.
Tests for services with
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:/beans.xml"})
and
@Autowired
MailManager mailManager;
works properly.
Controllers without @Autowired too, I can open my project in web browser without trouble.
/src/main/resources/beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/orm http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/orm_2_0.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties" />
<context:component-scan base-package="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!--<context:component-scan base-package="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service" />-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
<!-- Persistance Unit Manager for persistance options managing -->
<bean id="persistenceUnitManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.persistenceunit.DefaultPersistenceUnitManager">
<property name="defaultDataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- Entity Manager Factory for creating/updating DB schema based on persistence files and entity classes -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="persistenceUnitManager" ref="persistenceUnitManager"/>
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="WebMailPU"/>
</bean>
<!-- Hibernate Session Factory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--<property name="schemaUpdate" value="true" />-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.domain" />
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Hibernate Transaction Manager -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- Activates annotation based transaction management -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
</beans>
/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>Spring Web MVC Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.AbstractManager
package pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
/**
* Master Manager class providing basic fields for services.
* @author Maciej Radzikowski <[email protected]>
*/
public class AbstractManager {
@Autowired
protected SessionFactory sessionFactory;
protected final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
}
pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager
package pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Component
@Transactional
public class MailManager extends AbstractManager {
// some methods...
}
pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.HomeController
package pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class HomeController {
@Autowired
public MailManager mailManager;
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String homepage(ModelMap model) {
return "homepage";
}
}
Error:
SEVERE: Exception while loading the app
SEVERE: Undeployment failed for context /WebMail
SEVERE: Exception while loading the app : java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'homeController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.controller.HomeController.mailManager; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
Sorry for a lot of code, but I don't know what can cause that error anymore.
Added
I've created the interface:
@Component
public interface IMailManager {
added implements:
@Component
@Transactional
public class MailManager extends AbstractManager implements IMailManager {
and changed autowired:
@Autowired
public IMailManager mailManager;
But it still throws errors (also when I've tried with @Qualifier)
..Could not autowire field: public pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.IMailManager pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.controller.HomeController.mailManager...
I've tried with different combinations of @Component and @Transactional too.
Shouldn't I include beans.xml in web.xml somehow?
You should autowire interface AbstractManager instead of class MailManager. If you have different implemetations of AbstractManager you can write @Component("mailService") and then @Autowired @Qualifier("mailService") combination to autowire specific class.
This is due to the fact that Spring creates and uses proxy objects based on the interfaces.
4.9.2 @Autowired
As expected, you can apply the @Autowired annotation to "traditional" setter methods:
public class SimpleMovieLister {
private MovieFinder movieFinder;
@Autowired
public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) {
this.movieFinder = movieFinder;
}
// ...
}
| Note |
JSR 330’s @Inject annotation can be used in place of Spring’s |
You can also apply the annotation to methods with arbitrary names and/or multiple arguments:
public class MovieRecommender {
private MovieCatalog movieCatalog;
private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao;
@Autowired
public void prepare(MovieCatalog movieCatalog,
CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao) {
this.movieCatalog = movieCatalog;
this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao;
}
// ...
}You can apply @Autowired to constructors and fields:
public class MovieRecommender {
@Autowired
private MovieCatalog movieCatalog;
private CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao;
@Autowired
public MovieRecommender(CustomerPreferenceDao customerPreferenceDao) {
this.customerPreferenceDao = customerPreferenceDao;
}
// ...
}It is also possible to provide all beans of a particular type from the ApplicationContext by adding the annotation to a field or method that expects an array of that type:
public class MovieRecommender {
@Autowired
private MovieCatalog[] movieCatalogs;
// ...
}The same applies for typed collections:
public class MovieRecommender {
private Set<MovieCatalog> movieCatalogs;
@Autowired
public void setMovieCatalogs(Set<MovieCatalog> movieCatalogs) {
this.movieCatalogs = movieCatalogs;
}
// ...
}
| Tip |
Your beans can implement the |
Even typed Maps can be autowired as long as the expected key type is String. The Map values will contain all beans of the expected type, and the keys will contain the corresponding bean names:
public class MovieRecommender {
private Map<String, MovieCatalog> movieCatalogs;
@Autowired
public void setMovieCatalogs(Map<String, MovieCatalog> movieCatalogs) {
this.movieCatalogs = movieCatalogs;
}
// ...
}By default, the autowiring fails whenever zero candidate beans are available; the default behavior is to treat annotated methods, constructors, and fields as indicatingrequired dependencies. This behavior can be changed as demonstrated below.
public class SimpleMovieLister {
private MovieFinder movieFinder;
@Autowired(required=false)
public void setMovieFinder(MovieFinder movieFinder) {
this.movieFinder = movieFinder;
}
// ...
}
| Note |
Only one annotated constructor per-class can be marked as required, but multiple non-required constructors can be annotated. In that case, each is considered among the candidates and Spring uses the greediest constructor whose dependencies can be satisfied, that is the constructor that has the largest number of arguments. |
You can also use @Autowired for interfaces that are well-known resolvable dependencies: BeanFactory, ApplicationContext, Environment, ResourceLoader,ApplicationEventPublisher, and MessageSource. These interfaces and their extended interfaces, such as ConfigurableApplicationContext orResourcePatternResolver, are automatically resolved, with no special setup necessary.
public class MovieRecommender {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext context;
public MovieRecommender() {
}
// ...
}
| Note |
|