drf数据的增删改查
目录模型类
from django.db import models
class BaseModel(models.Model):
is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
# auto_now_add创建的时候，不需要手动插入时间，自动插入当前时间
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# auto_now,只要更新，就会把当前时间插入
last_update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
# import datetime
# create_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
class Meta:
# 单个字段有索引，有唯一 db_index unique
# 联合起来，多个字段，有联合索引，联合唯一,,,index_together,unique_together
abstract = True # 抽象表，不再数据库中建立表
# Create your models here.
class Book(BaseModel):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='书名', help_text='这里填写书名')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='价格', help_text='这里填写书的价格')
# to_field 默认不写，关联到Publish主键
# db_constraint=False,逻辑上的关联，实质上并没有外键联系，增删不会受外键影响，但是orm查询不影响
publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, db_constraint=False)
# 社么时候用自动，什么时候用手动？
# 第三张表只有关联字段，用自动，,第三张表有扩展字段，需要手动写，
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author', db_constraint=False)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '书表' # admin中表名的显示
def __str__(self):
return self.name
@property
def publish_name(self):
return self.publish.name
def author_list(self):
authors_list=self.authors.all()
# ll=[]
# for author in authors_list:
# ll.append({'name': author.name,'sex':author.get_sex_display()})
# # return ll
return [{'name': author.name,'sex':author.get_sex_display()} for author in authors_list]
class Publish(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '出版社表'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
sex = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, '男'), (2, '女')))
author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', db_constraint=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '作者表'
class AuthorDetail(BaseModel):
mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '作者详情表'
def __str__(self):
return self.mobile
# models.CASCADE
# models.SET_DEFAULT
# models.SET_NULL
# models.DO_NOTHING
# 表断关联
# 1.表之间没有外键关联，但是有哦外键逻辑关联，（有充当外键的字段）
# 2.断关联后不会影响数据库查询效率，但是会极大提高数据库增删改效率，（不影响增删改查操作）
# 3.断关联一定要通过逻辑保证表之间数据的安全，不要出现脏数据，代码控制
# 4.断关联
# 5.级联关系：
# 作者没了，详情也没了，on_delete=models.CASCADE
# 出版社没了，书还是那个出版社出版 :on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING
# 部门没了，员工没有部门（空不能）：null=True,on_delete=models.SER_NULL
# 部门没了，员工进入默认部门（默认值）：default=0,on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT
写完后在admin.py中注册
from app01 import models
admin.site.register(models.Book)
admin.site.register(models.Author)
admin.site.register(models.AuthorDetail)
admin.site.register(models.Publish)
序列化类
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# @Date ：2022/12/10 16:42
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Book
class BookListSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer):
# def create(self, validated_data):
# print(validated_data)
# super().__init__(validated_data)
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
print(validated_data)
# 报错数据
return [
self.child.update(instance[i], attrs) for i, attrs in enumerate(validated_data)
]
class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 如果序列化的是数据库的表，尽量使用ModelsSerializer
# 第一种方案（序列化可以，反序列化有问题
# publish = serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
# 第二中方案 ,models中写方法
class Meta:
list_serializer_class = BookListSerializer
model = Book
# fields = '__all__'
# depth = 1
fields = ('id','name', 'price', 'authors', 'publish', 'publish_name', 'author_list')
extra_kwargs = {
'publish': {'write_only': True},
'publish_name': {'read_only': True},
'authors': {'write_only': True},
'author_list': {'read_only': True},
}
路由配置
#urls.py
path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
视图类
#views.py
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01.models import Book
from app01.serialize import BookModelSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
class BookAPIView(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 查单个和查所有合并到一起
# 查单条数据
if kwargs:
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(book_obj)
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
# 查所有数据
book_list = Book.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False)
book_list_ser = BookModelSerializer(book_list, many=True)
return Response(data=book_list_ser.data)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 具备增单条，和增多条的功能
if isinstance(request.data, dict):
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(data=request.data)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
elif isinstance(request.data, list):
# 此时的book_ser是Listserializer对象
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(data=request.data, many=True) # 增多条
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save() # 调用的是Listserializer的save方法
# 新增，会掉create方法，Listserializer的create方法
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 改一个
if kwargs.get('pk', None):
book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs).first()
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
else:
book_list = []
modify_data = []
for item in request.data:
pk = item.pop('id')
book_obj = Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
book_list.append(book_obj)
modify_data.append(item)
# for i,is_data in enumerate(modify_data):
# book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list[i], data=is_data, many=True)
# book_ser.save()
# return Response(book_ser.data)
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list, data=modify_data, many=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(book_ser.data)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 单个删除，
# 批量删除
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
pks = []
if pk:
pks.append(pk)
# 不管单条删除还是多条删除都用多条删除
else:
pks = request.data.get('pks')
# 把is_delete设置成True
# ret返回受影响的行数
ret = Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks, is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True)
if ret:
return Response(data={'msg': '删除成功'})
else:
return Response(data={'msg': '没有要删除的数据'})