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二进制部署高可用k8s集群

时间：2022-12-09 12:56:09浏览次数：74  
标签：pki kubernetes etc 二进制 -- 集群 etcd k8s

一、k8s高可用架构解析

image-20221028125806641

etcd是键值数据库用来存储集群信息

apiserver是集群的整个控制中心，所有的流量都会经过他

ControllerManager控制器，监控整个集群的状态

Scheduler调度器

如果master也要部署pod的话需要安装kubelet跟kube-proxy组件

图中被勾的组件都是通过访问LB提供的vip去访问apiserver的，只有apiserver能访问etcd数据库。

LB会进行选主，会把vip挂载到其中一台master节点的网卡上面

面试点：

集群master可以是偶数个，etcd必须是奇数个，因为使用的是raft算法。

参考资料：raft算法，k8s架构。

1.1 安装说明

二进制安装方式比kubeadm的稳定性更高。

二进制安装证书有效期可以设置为100年，kubeadm证书有效期为一年。

二进制重启恢复速度比kubeadm快。

升级方式不一样，二进制替换包就行，所以二进制维护比kubeadm简单。

注意：关掉电脑时，没关虚拟机，那么kubeadm就可能启动不了了

基本环境配置跟内核升级都跟kubeadm一样，这里就不多写了，可参考：内核升级

1.2 下载软件

二进制文件是可以直接运行的，所以下载文件放到相应目录即安装完成。

需要注意的是先确定装什么样的版本，alpha是内测版本，不建议使用。

目前最新版本v1.25，我这里安装的是v1.23.13版本，官方文档：https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/

Master01下载kubernetes安装包，这里选择v1.23

下载链接：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/CHANGELOG

选择amd64架构的下载

image-20221107175823283

里面会有其他组件版本介绍，可以看到k8s已经支持etcd 3.5.1的版本

image-20221028145025220

软件包下载：百度网盘

以下操作在master01执行

#下载软件包
wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.23.13/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

#解压kubernetes安装文件
tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz  --strip-components=3 -C /usr/local/bin kubernetes/server/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy}

#解压etcd安装文件
tar -zxvf etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64/etcd{,ctl}

#版本查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.23.12
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.5.1
API version: 3.5

#将组件发送到其他节点
MasterNodes='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'
WorkNodes='k8s-node01 k8s-node02'
for NODE in $MasterNodes; do echo $NODE; scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; scp /usr/local/bin/etcd* $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; done
for NODE in $WorkNodes; do scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/ ; done

#所有节点创建/opt/cni/bin目录
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin

#Master01节点切换到1.23.x分支
cd /root/k8s-ha-install && git checkout manual-installation-v1.23.x

二、生成证书

证书之间的生成关系是：证书签名请求文件CSR→CA根证书文件→其他证书文件

证书在master01节点上生成，然后再把证书文件发送到各个节点上。

Master01下载生成证书工具

wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson

#如果是上传到服务器上的执行
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson

2.1 etcd证书

#所有Master节点创建etcd证书目录
mkdir /etc/etcd/ssl -p

#所有节点创建kubernetes相关目录，这里保持跟kubeadm同样的证书目录，方便找
mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki

Master01节点生成etcd证书

生成证书的CSR文件：证书签名请求文件，配置了一些域名、公司、单位

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

#生成etcd CA证书和CA证书的key，这里的etcd-ca-csr.json里面设置了证书过期时间
#他们之间的联系是，通过证书签名请求文件生成根证书，再通过根证书生成其他证书
cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca

#证书的生成会绑定ip地址跟域名，这里绑定的是etcd的主机名跟ip地址，因为实验环境中etcd是装在master节点上的，所以用的是master的主机名跟地址，也可以多写几个预留地址
cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,k8s-master01,k8s-master02,k8smaster03,10.103.236.201,10.103.236.202,10.103.236.203 \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/etcd/ssl/etcd
   
#该目录下会生成6个证书文件  
ls /etc/etcd/ssl/  
 
#将证书复制到其他节点
MasterNodes='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'

for NODE in $MasterNodes; do
     ssh $NODE "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl"
     for FILE in etcd-ca-key.pem  etcd-ca.pem  etcd-key.pem  etcd.pem; do
       scp /etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE}
     done
 done

2.2 apiserver证书

　Master01生成kubernetes证书

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki

#生成根证书，会有3个文件
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca
ls  /etc/kubernetes/pki/

# 192.168.0.是k8s service的网段的第一个IP地址，注意掩码划分。
# 如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236为Master01的IP
cfssl gencert \
-ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-hostname=192.168.0.1,10.103.236.236,127.0.0.1,kubernetes,kubernetes.default,kubernetes.default.svc,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local,10.103.236.201,10.103.236.202,10.103.236.203 \
-profile=kubernetes \
apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver

#可以看到有3个以apiserver开头的文件
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/

2.3 生成聚合证书

apiserver的证书划分的权限很大，聚合证书划分的权限较小，用于其他第三方组件授权使用，如Metrics-server组件，避免安全问题。

cfssl gencert \
-initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca 

cfssl gencert \
-ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem \
-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca-key.pem \
-config=ca-config.json \
-profile=kubernetes \
front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client
#返回结果，可以忽略WARNING警告

2.4 controller-manage证书

生成controller-manage的证书，controller需要跟apiserver通讯，所以需要证书。

如下步骤会将证书相关信息跟apiserver的地址写入controller-manager.kubeconfig文件中，controller-manage会带着这个文件去跟apiserver进行通信。

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
# set-cluster：设置一个集群项，集群名字为kubernetes，因为K8s可以管理多个集群，多个集群使用名字进行区分
#--embed-certs=true 会将ca.pem证书内容导入到controller-manager.kubeconfig文件中，如果不为true，则导入ca.pem证书路径，推荐导入内容
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://10.103.236.236:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

#上述的操作是将集群项信息导入了controller-manager.kubeconfig文件中
# 设置上下文，相当于配置了一个系统用户kube-controller-manager	
kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
    --cluster=kubernetes \
    --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
    --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

#设置一个用户项，将证书导入controller-manager.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/controller-manager-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig


# 设置默认集群环境，kubeconfig文件中可以配置多个集群，这里指定kubernetes为默认集群环境
kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig

2.5 scheduler证书

生成scheduler证书，用于跟apiserver进行通信

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
#设置集群项
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://10.103.236.236:8443 \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

#设置上下文
kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
     --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler.pem \
     --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/scheduler-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

#设置用户项
kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

# 设置默认集群环境
kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig

2.6 管理员证书证书

生成管理员证书admin.kubeconfig，相当于kubeadm的admin.conf文件，用于kubectl访问集群

cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /etc/kubernetes/pki/admin

# 注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443
#设置集群项
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem   \  
--embed-certs=true \
--server=https://10.103.236.236:8443 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

#设置上下文
kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin \
--client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin.pem \     
--client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

#设置用户项
kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubernetes-admin \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

#设置默认集群环境
kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

ls /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig

#不配置环境变量的情况下，指定该用户证书就对该集群执行命令了
kubectl --kubeconfig /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig get node

生成密钥对，用创建ServiceAccount Key的token。

#生成私钥
openssl genrsa -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key 2048

#生成公钥
openssl rsa -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key -pubout -out /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub

创建ServiceAccount（服务账户）时会生成对应的secret， 这个secret里面会有一个token，这个token就是controller-manage基于这两个证书来生成的。

发送证书至其他节点

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do
for FILE in $(ls /etc/kubernetes/pki | grep -v etcd); do
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/pki/${FILE};
done;
for FILE in admin.kubeconfig controller-manager.kubeconfig scheduler.kubeconfig; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE};
done;
done

查看证书文件

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/
admin.csr      apiserver.csr      ca.csr      controller-manager.csr      front-proxy-ca.csr      front-proxy-client.csr      sa.key         scheduler-key.pem
admin-key.pem  apiserver-key.pem  ca-key.pem  controller-manager-key.pem  front-proxy-ca-key.pem  front-proxy-client-key.pem  sa.pub         scheduler.pem
admin.pem      apiserver.pem      ca.pem      controller-manager.pem      front-proxy-ca.pem      front-proxy-client.pem      scheduler.csr
[root@k8s-master01 pki]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/ |wc -l
23  #一共有23个证书

三、高可用配置

高可用配置（注意：如果不是高可用集群，haproxy和keepalived无需安装）

如果在云上安装也无需执行此章节的步骤，可以直接使用云上的lb，比如阿里云slb，腾讯云elb等

公有云要用公有云自带的负载均衡，比如阿里云的SLB，腾讯云的ELB，用来替代haproxy和keepalived，因为公有云大部分都是不支持keepalived的，另外如果用阿里云的话，kubectl控制端不能放在master节点，推荐使用腾讯云，因为阿里云的slb有回环的问题，也就是slb代理的服务器不能反向访问SLB，但是腾讯云修复了这个问题。

Slb -> haproxy -> apiserver

3.1 配置haproxy

所有Master节点安装keepalived和haproxy

yum install keepalived haproxy -y

所有Master配置HAProxy，配置都一样，为了跟kubeadm区分，这里把端口号改为了8443，kubeadm使用的是16443

vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg 
global
  maxconn  2000
  ulimit-n  16384
  log  127.0.0.1 local0 err
  stats timeout 30s

defaults
  log global
  mode  http
  option  httplog
  timeout connect 5000
  timeout client  50000
  timeout server  50000
  timeout http-request 15s
  timeout http-keep-alive 15s

frontend k8s-master
  bind 0.0.0.0:8443
  bind 127.0.0.1:8443
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  tcp-request inspect-delay 5s
  default_backend k8s-master

backend k8s-master
  mode tcp
  option tcplog
  option tcp-check
  balance roundrobin
  default-server inter 10s downinter 5s rise 2 fall 2 slowstart 60s maxconn 250 maxqueue 256 weight 100
  server k8s-master01    10.103.236.201:6443  check
  server k8s-master02    10.103.236.202:6443  check
  server k8s-master03    10.103.236.203:6443  check

3.2 配置keepalived

Master01 keepalived的配置

所有Master节点配置KeepAlived，配置不一样，注意区分每个节点的IP和网卡（interface参数）

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 10.103.236.201
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 101
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.103.236.236
    }
    track_script {
      chk_apiserver 
} }

Master02 keepalived的配置

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5 
    weight -5
    fall 2
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 10.103.236.202
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.103.236.236
    }
    track_script {
      chk_apiserver 
} }

Master03 keepalived的配置

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_apiserver {
    script "/etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh"
    interval 5
    weight -5
    fall 2  
    rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens33
    mcast_src_ip 10.103.236.203
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    nopreempt
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass K8SHA_KA_AUTH
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.103.236.236
    }
    track_script {
      chk_apiserver 
} }

3.3 健康检查配置

所有master节点

[root@k8s-master01 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh 

#!/bin/bash

err=0
for k in $(seq 1 3)
do
    check_code=$(pgrep haproxy)
    if [[ $check_code == "" ]]; then
        err=$(expr $err + 1)
        sleep 1
        continue
    else
        err=0
        break
    fi
done

if [[ $err != "0" ]]; then
    echo "systemctl stop keepalived"
    /usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived
    exit 1
else
    exit 0
fi

添加权限

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/check_apiserver.sh

所有master节点启动haproxy和keepalived

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now haproxy
systemctl enable --now keepalived

验证

#启动之后看下端口起来没，端口是8443
netstat -lntp | grep 8443

#看日志
tail -f /var/log/message

#看下10.103.236.236绑定在哪台master节点上了，通过IP a看

ping  10.103.236.236

重要：如果安装了keepalived和haproxy，需要测试keepalived是否是正常的

telnet 10.103.236.236 8443

如果ping不通且telnet没有出现 ]，则认为VIP不可以，不可在继续往下执行，需要排查keepalived的问题，比如防火墙和selinux，haproxy和keepalived的状态，监听端口等

所有节点查看防火墙状态必须为disable和inactive：systemctl status firewalld

所有节点查看selinux状态，必须为disable：getenforce

master节点查看haproxy和keepalived状态：systemctl status keepalived haproxy

master节点查看监听端口：netstat -lntp

四、系统组件配置

4.1 etcd

etcd配置大致相同，注意修改每个Master节点的etcd配置的主机名和IP地址

即便是单节点的master，etcd也需要三台起，因为etcd是集群的数据库，挂掉数据就会丢失

master01配置如下

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
name: 'k8s-master01'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://10.103.236.201:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://10.103.236.201:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://10.103.236.201:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://10.103.236.201:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://10.103.236.201:2380,k8s-master02=https://10.103.236.202:2380,k8s-master03=https://10.103.236.203:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false

需要注意第一行name: 'k8s-master01'，以及下面的Ip地址别写错了。

master02配置如下

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
name: 'k8s-master02'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://10.103.236.202:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://10.103.236.202:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://10.103.236.202:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://10.103.236.202:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://10.103.236.201:2380,k8s-master02=https://10.103.236.202:2380,k8s-master03=https://10.103.236.203:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false

master03配置如下

vim /etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
name: 'k8s-master03'
data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
snapshot-count: 5000
heartbeat-interval: 100
election-timeout: 1000
quota-backend-bytes: 0
listen-peer-urls: 'https://10.103.236.203:2380'
listen-client-urls: 'https://10.103.236.203:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
max-snapshots: 3
max-wals: 5
cors:
initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://10.103.236.203:2380'
advertise-client-urls: 'https://10.103.236.203:2379'
discovery:
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
discovery-proxy:
discovery-srv:
initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://10.103.236.201:2380,k8s-master02=https://10.103.236.202:2380,k8s-master03=https://10.103.236.203:2380'
initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
initial-cluster-state: 'new'
strict-reconfig-check: false
enable-v2: true
enable-pprof: true
proxy: 'off'
proxy-failure-wait: 5000
proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
proxy-write-timeout: 5000
proxy-read-timeout: 0
client-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
peer-transport-security:
  cert-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem'
  key-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem'
  peer-client-cert-auth: true
  trusted-ca-file: '/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem'
  auto-tls: true
debug: false
log-package-levels:
log-outputs: [default]
force-new-cluster: false

创建Service

二进制是以linux守护进程启动的所以需要创建service文件

所有Master节点创建etcd service并启动

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Service
Documentation=https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/etcd --config-file=/etc/etcd/etcd.config.yml
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=etcd3.service

因为上述配置的证书文件在/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/，而我们生成的目录在/etc/etcd/ssl/，所以需要做一个软链接

所有Master节点创建etcd的证书目录

mkdir /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
ln -s /etc/etcd/ssl/* /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/
systemctl daemon-reload

#注意三个节点要一起启动，不然可能会失败
systemctl enable --now etcd

#查看是否有无报错
tail -f /var/log/messages #看到的都是info日志那就是没问题

查看etcd状态

$ export ETCDCTL_API=3
etcdctl --endpoints="10.103.236.203:2379,10.103.236.202:2379,10.103.236.201:2379" \
--cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-ca.pem \
--cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd.pem \
--key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status --write-out=table

注意LEADER，两个false一个true表示一主两从，主写从读，主挂了会自动选主

4.2 apiserver

所有master节点创建相关目录

mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests/ /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes

注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236改为master01的地址，本文档使用的k8s service网段为192.168.0.0/16，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改

Master01配置

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=10.103.236.201 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=192.168.0.0/16  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://10.103.236.201:2379,https://10.103.236.202:2379,https://10.103.236.203:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

master02配置

注意本文档使用的k8s service网段为192.168.0.0/16，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=10.103.236.202 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=192.168.0.0/16  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://10.103.236.201:2379,https://10.103.236.202:2379,https://10.103.236.203:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

master03配置

注意本文档使用的k8s service网段为192.168.0.0/16，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、Pod网段的重复，请按需修改

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --v=2  \
      --logtostderr=true  \
      --allow-privileged=true  \
      --bind-address=0.0.0.0  \
      --secure-port=6443  \
      --insecure-port=0  \
      --advertise-address=10.103.236.203 \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=192.168.0.0/16  \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-32767  \
      --etcd-servers=https://10.103.236.201:2379,https://10.103.236.202:2379,https://10.103.236.203:2379 \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem  \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem  \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem  \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver.pem  \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-key.pem  \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub  \
      --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key  \
      --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
      --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname  \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota  \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC  \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true  \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem  \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem  \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem  \
      --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator  \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group  \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-  \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      # --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/token.csv

Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=10s
LimitNOFILE=65535

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动apiserver

#所有Master节点开启kube-apiserver
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver
systemctl status kube-apiserver
 
 # 没有疯狂的输出日志，那么安装就没问题
 tail -f /var/log/messages

出现如下表示启动成功image-20221029144629697

4.3 ControllerManager

所有Master节点配置kube-controller-manager service（所有master节点配置一样）

注意本文档使用的k8s Pod网段为172.16.0.0/12，该网段不能和宿主机的网段、k8s Service网段的重复，请按需修改

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \
      --v=2 \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem \
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.kubeconfig \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --use-service-account-credentials=true \
      --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \
      --node-monitor-period=5s \
      --pod-eviction-timeout=2m0s \
      --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
      --cluster-cidr=172.16.0.0/12 \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem \
      --node-cidr-mask-size=24
      
Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

所有Master节点启动kube-controller-manager

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-controller-manager

I开头的代表info日志，是没有问题的，如果是E开头或者F开头的需要注意一下

image-20221029143706304

4.4 Scheduler

所有Master节点配置kube-scheduler service（所有master节点配置一样）

[root@k8s-master01 pki]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-scheduler \
      --v=2 \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/scheduler.kubeconfig 
Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

scheduler.kubeconfig 这个文件就是和集群通信的文件，里面是生成的证书

启动

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-scheduler

查看日志

tail -f /var/log/messages

五、TLS Bootstrapping配置

controller-manager和scheduler跟apiserver进行通信靠的是xxx.kubeconfig文件，每个节点都是一样的kubeconfig配置文件。

kubelet也需要跟apiserver进行通信，但是kubelet跟主机是有绑定关系的，绑定了主机名跟IP地址，每个节点的信息都是不一样的，而且 可能会有几百个节点，所以需要使用bootstrapping自动申请证书。

kubelet启动时指定bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig文件就能自动去申请证书。

注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

只需要在Master01创建bootstrap

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/bootstrap
#设置集群项
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \   
--server=https://10.103.236.236:8443 \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

#设置上下文
kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user \   
--token=c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

#设置用户项
kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=tls-bootstrap-token-user \
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

#设置默认集群环境
kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes \   
--kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

注意：如果修改了上下文中的token，则也要修改bootstrap.secret.yaml的name，token-id和token-secret

image-20221029155211506

admin.kubeconfig跟之前kubeadm的admin.conf文件一样，如果使用kubectl访问集群，直接拷贝这个文件到如下目录就行

 mkdir -p /root/.kube ; cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.kubeconfig /root/.kube/config

可以正常查询集群状态，才可以继续往下，否则不行，需要排查k8s组件是否有故障

# kubectl get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE                         ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok                              
controller-manager   Healthy   ok                              
etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true","reason":""}   
etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true","reason":""}   
etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true","reason":""}

创建token

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml 
secret/bootstrap-token-c8ad9c created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-bootstrap created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:kube-apiserver created

六、Node节点配置

6.1 kubelet

Master01节点复制证书至Node节点

cd /etc/kubernetes/

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
     ssh $NODE mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
     for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem pki/front-proxy-ca.pem bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig; do
       scp /etc/kubernetes/$FILE $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
 done
 done

所有节点创建相关目录,master节点也配置了kubelet

mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d /etc/kubernetes/manifests/

　所有节点配置kubelet service

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# vim  /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet

Restart=always
StartLimitInterval=0
RestartSec=10

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

如果Runtime为Containerd，请使用如下Kubelet的配置：

如下配置单独指定了/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml配置文件

所有节点配置kubelet service的配置文件（也可以写到kubelet.service）：

# Runtime为Containerd
# vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf

[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin --container-runtime=remote --runtime-request-timeout=15m --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock --cgroup-driver=systemd"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

如果Runtime为Docker，请使用如下Kubelet的配置：

# Runtime为Docker
# vim /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf

[Service]
Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig"
Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--network-plugin=cni --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin"
Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.5"
Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node='' "
ExecStart=
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS $KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS $KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS

创建kubelet的配置文件，如果以后要更改kubelet的配置就改这个文件

注意：如果更改了k8s的service网段，需要更改kubelet-conf.yml 的clusterDNS:配置，改成k8s Service网段的第十个地址，比如192.168.0.10

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# vim /etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml


apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: false
  webhook:
    cacheTTL: 2m0s
    enabled: true
  x509:
    clientCAFile: /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
authorization:
  mode: Webhook
  webhook:
    cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
    cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
cgroupDriver: systemd
cgroupsPerQOS: true
clusterDNS:
- 192.168.0.10
clusterDomain: cluster.local
containerLogMaxFiles: 5
containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
cpuCFSQuota: true
cpuManagerPolicy: none
cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
enableControllerAttachDetach: true
enableDebuggingHandlers: true
enforceNodeAllocatable:
- pods
eventBurst: 10
eventRecordQPS: 5
evictionHard:
  imagefs.available: 15%
  memory.available: 100Mi
  nodefs.available: 10%
  nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
failSwapOn: true
fileCheckFrequency: 20s
hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
healthzPort: 10248
httpCheckFrequency: 20s
imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
iptablesDropBit: 15
iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
kubeAPIBurst: 10
kubeAPIQPS: 5
makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
oomScoreAdj: -999
podPidsLimit: -1
registryBurst: 10
registryPullQPS: 5
resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
rotateCertificates: true
runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
serializeImagePulls: true
staticPodPath: /etc/kubernetes/manifests
streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
syncFrequency: 1m0s
volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s

　启动所有节点kubelet

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kubelet

此时系统日志/var/log/messages显示只有如下两种信息为正常，没有循环打印日志就是正常的，如下报错信息为cailico未安装，安装calico后即可恢复

Unable to update cni config: no networks found in /etc/cni/net.d

如果有很多报错日志，或者有大量看不懂的报错，说明kubelet的配置有误，需要检查kubelet配置

查看集群状态(Ready或NotReady都正常)

[root@k8s-master01 bootstrap]# kubectl get node

6.2 kube-proxy

注意，如果不是高可用集群，10.103.236.236:8443改为master01的地址，8443改为apiserver的端口，默认是6443

以下操作只在Master01执行

cd /root/k8s-ha-install
kubectl -n kube-system create serviceaccount kube-proxy

kubectl create clusterrolebinding system:kube-proxy         --clusterrole system:node-proxier         --serviceaccount kube-system:kube-proxy

SECRET=$(kubectl -n kube-system get sa/kube-proxy \
    --output=jsonpath='{.secrets[0].name}')

JWT_TOKEN=$(kubectl -n kube-system get secret/$SECRET \
--output=jsonpath='{.data.token}' | base64 -d)

PKI_DIR=/etc/kubernetes/pki
K8S_DIR=/etc/kubernetes

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes     --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem     --embed-certs=true     --server=https://10.103.236.236:8443     --kubeconfig=${K8S_DIR}/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes     --token=${JWT_TOKEN}     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context kubernetes     --cluster=kubernetes     --user=kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context kubernetes     --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

将kubeconfig发送至其他节点

for NODE in k8s-master02 k8s-master03; do
     scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig  $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 done
for NODE in k8s-node01 k8s-node02; do
     scp /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig $NODE:/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
 done

所有节点添加kube-proxy的配置和service文件：

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-proxy \
  --config=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml \
  --v=2

Restart=always
RestartSec=10s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

如果更改了集群Pod的网段，需要更改kube-proxy.yaml的clusterCIDR为自己的Pod网段：以及mode=ipvs

vim /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.yaml

apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
clientConnection:
  acceptContentTypes: ""
  burst: 10
  contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
  kubeconfig: /etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
  qps: 5
clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/12 
configSyncPeriod: 15m0s
conntrack:
  max: null
  maxPerCore: 32768
  min: 131072
  tcpCloseWaitTimeout: 1h0m0s
  tcpEstablishedTimeout: 24h0m0s
enableProfiling: false
healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
hostnameOverride: ""
iptables:
  masqueradeAll: false
  masqueradeBit: 14
  minSyncPeriod: 0s
  syncPeriod: 30s
ipvs:
  masqueradeAll: true
  minSyncPeriod: 5s
  scheduler: "rr"
  syncPeriod: 30s
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10249
mode: "ipvs"
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: -999
portRange: ""
udpIdleTimeout: 250ms

所有节点启动kube-proxy

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now kube-proxy

看下日志如果出现如下所示表示正常
image-20221029163028850

查看svc，pod跟apiserver通讯都是走的如下地址image-20221029163040558

七、Calico安装

建议安装官方推荐版本

以下步骤只在master01执行

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/calico/

更改calico的网段，主要需要将红色部分的网段，改为自己的Pod网段

cp calico.yaml calico.yaml.bak
sed -i "s#POD_CIDR#172.16.0.0/12#g" calico.yaml

#检查
grep "IPV4POOL_CIDR" calico.yaml  -A 1

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

#查看容器状态
kubectl get po -n kube-system

八、CoreDNS安装

安装官方推荐版本（推荐）

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/

如果更改了k8s service的网段需要将coredns的serviceIP改成k8s service网段的第十个IP

跟/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-conf.yml文件中的一致

COREDNS_SERVICE_IP=`kubectl get svc | grep kubernetes | awk '{print $3}'`0
sed -i "s#KUBEDNS_SERVICE_IP#${COREDNS_SERVICE_IP}#g" CoreDNS/coredns.yaml

安装coredns

 kubectl  create -f CoreDNS/coredns.yaml

安装最新版CoreDNS（不推荐）

安装k8s推荐的版本就行了，没必要追求最新版本

COREDNS_SERVICE_IP=`kubectl get svc | grep kubernetes | awk '{print $3}'`0
git clone https://github.com/coredns/deployment.git
cd deployment/kubernetes
# ./deploy.sh -s -i ${COREDNS_SERVICE_IP} | kubectl apply -f -

查看状态
 # kubectl get po -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns

image-20221029170538138

九、安装Metrics Server

在新版的Kubernetes中系统资源的采集均使用Metrics-server，可以通过Metrics采集节点和Pod的内存、磁盘、CPU和网络的使用率。

k8s-ha-install目录中有metrics-server跟kubeadm-metrics-server两个目录文件，他们之间的区别对比.

vimdiff kubeadm-metrics-server/comp.yaml metrics-server/comp.yaml

可以发现只有证书部署位置不一样，kubeadm自动生成的证书文件是以.crt结尾的，二进制cfssl生成的证书文件是.pem结尾的，用的是之前生成的聚合证书。

安装metrics server

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/metrics-server
kubectl  create -f .

等待metrics server启动然后查看状态

# kubectl  top node
NAME           CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
k8s-master01   231m         5%     1620Mi          42%       
k8s-master02   274m         6%     1203Mi          31%       
k8s-master03   202m         5%     1251Mi          32%       
k8s-node01     69m          1%     667Mi           17%       
k8s-node02     73m          1%     650Mi           16%

十、安装dashboard

Dashboard用于展示集群中的各类资源，同时也可以通过Dashboard实时查看Pod的日志和在容器中执行一些命令等。

安装指定版本dashboard（推荐）

cd /root/k8s-ha-install/dashboard/
kubectl  create -f .

查看状态

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get po -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-7fcdff5f4c-kbvx8   1/1     Running   0          59s
kubernetes-dashboard-85f59f8ff7-25zrp        1/1     Running   0          59s

查看暴露的端口号

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   192.168.208.237   <none>        8000/TCP        98s
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    192.168.166.30    <none>        443:30812/TCP   98s

安装最新版（可以研究一下）

官方GitHub地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

可以在官方dashboard查看到最新版dashboard

image-20221030225035279

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
#地址改为页面上最新的地址

创建管理员用户

vim admin.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding 
metadata: 
  name: admin-user
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kube-system
 
#应用yaml配置文件
kubectl apply -f admin.yaml -n kube-system

登录dashboard参考kubeadm，如果是谷歌浏览器需要修改属性。

更改dashboard的svc为NodePort，这样可以使用宿主机加端口访问到dashboard

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard
     29   selector:
     30     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
     31   sessionAffinity: None
     32   type: NodePort #在32行的位置修改为NodePort

查看端口号

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP        EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   192.168.208.237   <none>        8000/TCP        98s
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    192.168.166.30    <none>        443:30812/TCP   98s

访问Dashboard：https://10.103.236.201:30812

关于token获取，看kubeadm笔记。

十一、集群验证

注意：因为二进制安装master没有配置污点，是可以部署Pod的。

一个成功的集群具备如下条件

  1. Pod必须能解析Service\、

  2. Pod必须能解析跨namespace的Service

  3. 每个节点都必须要能访问Kubernetes的kubernetes svc 443和kube-dns的service 53

  4. Pod和Pod之前要能通

    1. 同namespace能通信
    2. 跨namespace能通信
    3. 跨机器能通信

下面逐步验证

#配置一个busybox
cat<<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: busybox
  namespace: default
spec:
  containers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox:1.28
    command:
      - sleep
      - "3600"
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  restartPolicy: Always
EOF

kubectl get pod

参看是否能解析svc

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kubernetes
Server:    192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kubernetes
Address 1: 192.168.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

查看是否能解析跨namespace的Service

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl exec  busybox -n default -- nslookup kube-dns.kube-system
Server:    192.168.0.10
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      kube-dns.kube-system
Address 1: 192.168.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

所有节点测试是否能访问443跟53端口

yum -y install telnet -y

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   192.168.0.1   <none>        443/TCP   32h

telnet 192.168.0.1 443

#查看kube-dns
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
calico-typha     ClusterIP   192.168.229.37   <none>        5473/TCP                 29h
kube-dns         ClusterIP   192.168.0.10     <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   29h
metrics-server   ClusterIP   192.168.48.97    <none>        443/TCP                  12m

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# telnet 192.168.0.10 53
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# curl telnet 192.168.0.10:53
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: telnet; Unknown error
curl: (52) Empty reply from server #提示这个表示正常

#测试pod之间通信
[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get po -n kube-system -owide
...省略...

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl get po -owide
NAME      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP              NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
busybox   1/1     Running   0          5m24s   172.27.14.193   k8s-node02   <none>           <none>
#进入这个容器，有些容器是没有bash工具的进不了正常，换成busybox试试
kubectl exec -it busybox -- sh #或者
kubectl exec -it busybox -- bash
#注意如果进入系统组件容器要加命名空间，如
kubectl exec -it calico-kube-coxxxx -n kube-system -- sh 
kubectl exec -it calico-kube-coxxxx -n kube-system -- bash

ping 其他节点

其他测试

#创建一个pod
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
#创建一个deploy，有3个副本
kubectl create deploy nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get deploy
kubectl get po -owide #查看这3个pod部署哪个节点上
#删除
kubectl delete deploy nginx
kubectl delete po busybox nginx

十二、参考资料

标签：pki,kubernetes,etc,二进制,--,集群,etcd,k8s
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/tz90/p/16968618.html

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