标签：xpath body 爬虫 bro html div find
xpath
xpath介绍
1.html中选择标签，可以使用的通用方法
-css选择
-xpath选择
1.1XPath即为XML路径语言（XML Path Language），它是一种用来确定XML文档中某部分位置的语言
1.2语法介绍
nodename 选取此节点的所有子节点
/ 从根节点选取 /body/div
// 从匹配选择的当前节点选择文档中的节点，而不考虑它们的位置 //div
. 选取当前节点
.. 选取当前节点的父节点
@ 选取属性
1.3便利的使用方法
在浏览器的抓包工具中，找到自己需要的数据的标签，在标签上右键，点击在Copy中的Copy XPath，获取了获取标签需要的xpath路径
xpath的使用
doc = '''
<html>
<head>
<base href='http://example.com/' />
<title>Example website</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id='images'>
<a href='image1.html' id='id_a'>Name: My image 1 <br/><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image5.html' class='li li-item' name='items'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a>
<a href='image6.html' name='items'><span><h5>test</h5></span>Name: My image 6 <br /><img src='image6_thumb.jpg' /></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
'''
from lxml import etree
# 字符串
html = etree.HTML(doc)
# 打开文件
# html = etree.parse('search.html', etree.HTMLParser())
# 1 所有节点
a = html.xpath('//*')
# 2 指定节点（结果为列表）
a = html.xpath('//head')
# 3 子节点，子孙节点
a = html.xpath('//div/a')
a = html.xpath('//body/a') # 无数据
a = html.xpath('//body//a')
# 4 父节点
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/..')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[1]/..')
# 也可以这样
a = html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::*')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[1]/parent::div')
# 5 属性匹配
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]')
# 6 文本获取 text() ********
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@href="image1.html"]/text()')
# 7 属性获取 ******
a = html.xpath('//body//a/@href')
a = html.xpath('//body//a/@id')
# # 注意从1 开始取（不是从0）
a = html.xpath('//body//a[1]/@id')
# 8 属性多值匹配
# a 标签有多个class类，直接匹配就不可以了，需要用contains
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@class="li"]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[@name="items"]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li")]/text()')
# 9 多属性匹配
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") or @name="items"]')
a = html.xpath('//body//a[contains(@class,"li") and @name="items"]/text()')
# 10 按序选择
a = html.xpath('//a[2]/text()')
a = html.xpath('//a[3]/@href')
# 取最后一个
a = html.xpath('//a[last()]/@href')
# 位置小于3的
a = html.xpath('//a[position()<3]/@href')
# 倒数第二个
a = html.xpath('//a[last()-2]/@href')
# 11 节点轴选择
# ancestor：祖先节点
# 使用了* 获取所有祖先节点
a = html.xpath('//a/ancestor::*')
# # 获取祖先节点中的div
a = html.xpath('//a/ancestor::div')
# attribute：属性值
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::*')
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/attribute::href')
# child：直接子节点
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/child::*')
# descendant：所有子孙节点
a = html.xpath('//a[6]/descendant::*')
# following:当前节点之后所有节点
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*')
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following::*[1]/@href')
# following-sibling:当前节点之后同级节点
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*')
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::a')
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]')
a = html.xpath('//a[1]/following-sibling::*[2]/@href')
print(a)
selenium动作链
1.通过代码实现按住，滑动的效果，如:滑动验证码
2.两种形式
2.1形式1
actions=ActionChains(bro) # 拿到动作链对象
actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) # 把动作放到动作链中，准备串行执行
actions.perform()
2.2形式2
ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
distance=target.location['x']-sourse.location['x']
track=0
while track < distance:
ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=2,yoffset=0).perform()
track+=2
3.例子
3.1
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
bro.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
bro.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') # 切换到iframeResult
sourse = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='draggable')
target = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='droppable')
actions = ActionChains(bro) # 拿到动作链对象
actions.drag_and_drop(sourse, target) # 把动作放到动作链中，准备串行执行
actions.perform()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
3.2
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
bro.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
bro.switch_to.frame('iframeResult') # 切换到iframeResult
sourse = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='draggable')
target = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='droppable')
# 获取动作链对象
ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()
# 目标距离源的x轴距离
distance = target.location['x'] - sourse.location['x']
track = 0
# 每次移动5，一直到源的位置
while track < distance:
ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=5, yoffset=0).perform()
track += 5
except Exception as e:
print(e)
自动登录12306
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
import time
options = Options()
options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe', options=options)
bro.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')
bro.maximize_window()
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
try:
username = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-userName')
username.send_keys('')
password = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-password')
password.send_keys('')
time.sleep(2)
btn = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-login')
btn.click()
span = bro.find_element(by=By.ID, value='nc_1_n1z')
ActionChains(bro).click_and_hold(span).perform() # 鼠标点击动作链对象
ActionChains(bro).move_by_offset(xoffset=300, yoffset=0).perform() # 滑动动作链后松开鼠标
time.sleep(10)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
bro.close()
打码平台自动登录
1.在超级鹰中下载python语言Demo，将下载的py文件复制到项目中
2.使用
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
from chaojiying import ChaojiyingClient
from PIL import Image
bro = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
bro.get('http://www.chaojiying.com/apiuser/login/')
bro.implicitly_wait(10)
bro.maximize_window()
try:
username = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[1]/input')
password = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[2]/input')
code = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[3]/input')
btn = bro.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/p[4]/input')
username.send_keys('')
password.send_keys('')
# 获取验证码：
# 1 整个页面截图
bro.save_screenshot('main.png')
# 2 使用pillow，从整个页面中截取出验证码图片 code.png
img = bro.find_element(By.XPATH, '/html/body/div[3]/div/div[3]/div[1]/form/div/img')
location = img.location
size = img.size
print(location)
print(size)
# 使用pillow扣除大图中的验证码
img_tu = (
int(location['x']), int(location['y']), int(location['x'] + size['width']), int(location['y'] + size['height']))
# # 抠出验证码
# #打开
img = Image.open('./main.png')
# 抠图
fram = img.crop(img_tu)
# 截出来的小图
fram.save('code.png')
# 3 使用超级鹰破解
chaojiying = ChaojiyingClient('', '', '') # 用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001
im = open('code.png', 'rb').read() # 本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//
print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 1902)) # 1902 验证码类型 官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()
res_code = chaojiying.PostPic(im, 1902)['pic_str']
code.send_keys(res_code)
time.sleep(2)
btn.click()
except Exception as e:
print(e)
finally:
bro.close()
使用selenium爬取京东商品信息
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
def get_goods(driver):
try:
goods = driver.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='gl-item')
for good in goods:
name = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-name em').text
price = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-price i').text
commit = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-commit a').text
url = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-name a').get_attribute('href')
img = good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-img img').get_attribute('src')
if not img:
img = 'https://' + good.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value='.p-img img').get_attribute(
'data-lazy-img')
print('''
商品名字：%s
商品价格：%s
商品链接：%s
商品图片：%s
商品评论：%s
''' % (name, price, url, img, commit))
button = driver.find_element(by=By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, value='下一页')
button.click()
time.sleep(1)
get_goods(driver)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
def spider(url, keyword):
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='./chromedriver.exe')
driver.get(url)
driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 使用隐式等待
try:
input_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='key')
input_tag.send_keys(keyword)
input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
get_goods(driver)
finally:
driver.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
spider('https://www.jd.com/', keyword='精品内衣')
scrapy介绍
1.专业做爬虫的，可以使用框架(django:web)scrapy:爬虫框架
-做爬虫的框架，封装了做爬虫的东西，只需要在固定的位置写固定的代码即可
2.scrapy 号称爬虫界的djagno
-django 大而全，做web相关的它都用
-scrapy 大而全，做爬虫的，它都用
2.1介绍
Scrapy一个开源和协作的框架，其最初是为了页面抓取 (更确切来说, 网络抓取 )所设计的，使用它可以以快速、简单、可扩展的方式从网站中提取所需的数据。但目前Scrapy的用途十分广泛，可用于如数据挖掘、监测和自动化测试等领域，也可以应用在获取API所返回的数据或者通用的网络爬虫
3.安装 scrapy
3.1mac，linux：
pip3 install scrapy
3.2win：看人品
pip3 install scrapy
-人品不好：
1、pip3 install wheel #安装后，便支持通过wheel文件安装软件 xx.whl
3、pip3 install lxml
4、pip3 install pyopenssl
5、下载并安装pywin32：https://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/
6、下载twisted的wheel文件：http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#twisted
7、执行pip3 install 下载目录\Twisted-17.9.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl
8、pip3 install scrapy
4.使用
4.1释放出scrapy 可执行文件
使用这个创建爬虫项目 ---》django-admin创建django项目
4.2创建爬虫项目
scrapy startproject myfirstscrapy
4.3创建爬虫 [django创建app]
scrapy genspider cnblogs www.cnblogs.com
4.4启动爬虫
scrapy crawl cnblogs
scrapy crawl cnblogs --nolog
4.5pycharm中运行
from scrapy.cmdline import execute
execute(['scrapy', 'crawl', 'cnblogs', '--nolog'])
标签：xpath,
body,
爬虫,
bro,
html,
div,
find
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/riuqi/p/16960478.html