1.什么是Shiro?
- Apache Shiro是一个java的安全权限框架。
- Shiro是可以非常容易得开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环境。
- Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,回话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
- 下载地址:https://shiro.apache.org/
1.1Maven依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId> <version>1.9.1</version> </dependency>
1.2Shiro有哪些功能?
- Authentication:身份认证,登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
- Authorization:授权,及权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有摸个权限,即判断用户能否进行什么操作。
- Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,他的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境;
- Crytography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
- Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
- Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的身份,权限不必每次都去查,这样可以提高效率;
- Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程的并发验证,即,在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传递过去;
- Testing:提供测试支持
- Run as:允许·一个用户假装成另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
- Remember 么:记住我,这是一个非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次就不用登录了
1.3Shiro架构(外部)
从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来看如何使用Shiro完成工作:
- 应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject,也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject,Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫和机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都是委托给SecurityManager;Subject其实是一个门面,SecurityManager才是实际的执行者;
- SecurityManager:安全管理器;可以看出他是Shiro的核心,他负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,他相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet的角色;
- Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限),就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么他需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也就从Realm得到用户相应的角色,权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够正常进行,可以把Realm看做DataSource;
1.4Shiro架构(内部)
- Subject:任何可以与应用交互的用户
- Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet;是Shiro的心脏,所有的具体的交互都通过Security Manager进行控制,它管理所有的Subject,且负责进行认证,授权,会话及缓存的管理。
- Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略,即什么情况下用户认证通过了。
- Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主题是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的那些功能;
- Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可以用JDBC实现,也可以使用内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
- SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
- CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放在缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
- Crytography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件,解密等
2.HelloShiro
Quickstart.java
/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file * distributed with this work for additional information * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, * software distributed under the License is distributed on an * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the * specific language governing permissions and limitations * under the License. */ import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; import org.apache.shiro.authc.*; import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory; import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager; import org.apache.shiro.session.Session; import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; /** * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API. * * @since 0.9 RC2 */ public class Quickstart { private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class); public static void main(String[] args) { // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config. // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and // return a SecurityManager instance: // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively): Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini"); SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance(); // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager // accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for // webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel // for things. SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do: // get the currently executing user: //huo qu dang qian de yonghu duixaing Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!) Session session = currentUser.getSession(); session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); if (value.equals("aValue")) { log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]"); } // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions: //dang qian yong hu shi fou bei ren zheng if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) { UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa"); token.setRememberMe(true);//she zhi ji zhu wo try { currentUser.login(token);//zhi xing le deng lu dui xiang } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal()); } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!"); } catch (LockedAccountException lae) { log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " + "Please contact your administrator to unlock it."); } // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application? catch (AuthenticationException ae) { //unexpected condition? error? } } //say who they are: //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username): log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully."); //test a role: if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) { log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!"); } else { log.info("Hello, mere mortal."); } //test a typed permission (not instance-level) //chu li du if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) { log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely."); } else { log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only."); } //xi li du //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission: if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) { log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " + "Here are the keys - have fun!"); } else { log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!"); } //all done - log out! //zhu xiao currentUser.logout(); System.exit(0); } }
shiro.ini
# # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file # distributed with this work for additional information # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, # software distributed under the License is distributed on an # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the # specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. # # ============================================================================= # Quickstart INI Realm configuration # # For those that might not understand the references in this file, the # definitions are all based on the classic Mel Brooks' film "Spaceballs". ;) # ============================================================================= # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Users and their assigned roles # # Each line conforms to the format defined in the # org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setUserDefinitions JavaDoc # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [users] # user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role root = secret, admin # user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role guest = guest, guest # user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on # my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president' presidentskroob = 12345, president # user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz' darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz # user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz' lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Roles with assigned permissions # # Each line conforms to the format defined in the # org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [roles] # 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*' admin = * # The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber: schwartz = lightsaber:* # The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with # license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id) goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
从上述官方给的Sample代码中可以看出
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Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
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Session session = currentUser.getSession();
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UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
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token.setRememberMe(true);
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currentUser.login(token);
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currentUser.isAuthenticated()
- currentUser.getPrincipal()
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currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")
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currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield"
3.Spring整合Shiro
标签:SpringBoot,License,Shiro,整合,apache,org,currentUser,shiro From: https://www.cnblogs.com/WangGuangYuan/p/16630581.html