1.什么是Shiro?

• Apache Shiro是一个java的安全权限框架。
• Shiro是可以非常容易得开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用在JavaEE环境。
• Shiro可以完成,认证,授权,加密,回话管理,Web集成,缓存等。
• 下载地址：https://shiro.apache.org/

1.1Maven依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
  <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId>
  <version>1.9.1</version>
</dependency>

1.2Shiro有哪些功能？

•  Authentication:身份认证,登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份；
• Authorization:授权，及权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有摸个权限,即判断用户能否进行什么操作。
• Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是第一次会话,在没有退出之前,他的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境,也可以是Web环境；
• Crytography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库中,而不是明文存储;
• Web Support:Web支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web环境；
• Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息,拥有的身份,权限不必每次都去查,这样可以提高效率；
• Concurrency:Shiro支持多线程的并发验证,即,在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动的传递过去；
• Testing:提供测试支持
• Run as:允许·一个用户假装成另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
• Remember 么：记住我,这是一个非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次就不用登录了

1.3Shiro架构(外部)

从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来看如何使用Shiro完成工作：

•  应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject，也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject，Subject代表了当前的用户,这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject，如网络爬虫和机器人等,与Subject的所有交互都是委托给SecurityManager；Subject其实是一个门面,SecurityManager才是实际的执行者；
• SecurityManager:安全管理器;可以看出他是Shiro的核心,他负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互,他相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet的角色；
• Realm:Shiro从Realm获取安全数据(如用户,角色,权限)，就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份,那么他需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较,来确定用户的身份是否合法;也就从Realm得到用户相应的角色,权限,进行验证用户的操作是否能够正常进行,可以把Realm看做DataSource;

1.4Shiro架构(内部)

•  Subject:任何可以与应用交互的用户
• Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet；是Shiro的心脏,所有的具体的交互都通过Security Manager进行控制,它管理所有的Subject，且负责进行认证,授权,会话及缓存的管理。
• Authenticator:负责Subject认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现；可以使用认证策略,即什么情况下用户认证通过了。
• Authorizer:授权器,即访问控制器,用来决定主题是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的那些功能;
• Realm:可以有一个或者多个的realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的,可以用JDBC实现,也可以使用内存实现等等,由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
• SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境,也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
• CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户,角色,权限等缓存的；因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放在缓存中后可以提高访问的性能；
• Crytography:密码模块,Shiro提高了一些常见的加密组件,解密等

 2.HelloShiro

Quickstart.java

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;


/**
 * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
 *
 * @since 0.9 RC2
 */
public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        //huo qu dang qian de yonghu duixaing
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        //dang qian yong hu shi fou bei ren zheng
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);//she zhi ji zhu wo
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);//zhi xing le deng lu dui xiang
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        //chu li du
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }
        //xi li du
        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        //zhu xiao
        currentUser.logout();

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

shiro.ini

#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
# =============================================================================
# Quickstart INI Realm configuration
#
# For those that might not understand the references in this file, the
# definitions are all based on the classic Mel Brooks' film "Spaceballs". ;)
# =============================================================================

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Users and their assigned roles
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setUserDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
# 
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

从上述官方给的Sample代码中可以看出

• Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

• Session session = currentUser.getSession();

• UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");

• token.setRememberMe(true);

• currentUser.login(token);

• currentUser.isAuthenticated()

• currentUser.getPrincipal()

• currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")

• currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield"

3.Spring整合Shiro