xml_约束_dtd与xml_约束_schema

xml_约束_dtd

　　　　DTD：一种简单的约束技术

　　　　　　　　1.引入dtd文档到xml文档中

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1.内部dtd：将约束规则定义在xml文档中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--
<!DOCTYPE students SYSTEM "student.dtd">
-->

<!DOCTYPE students [
        <!ELEMENT students (student*) >
        <!ELEMENT student (name,age,sex)>
        <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
        <!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
        <!ELEMENT sex (#PCDATA)>
        <!ATTLIST student number ID #REQUIRED>

        ]>

<students>
    <student number="s001">
        <name>damofan</name>
        <age>18</age>
        <sex>男</sex>
    </student>
    <student number="s002">
        <name>muningxue</name>
        <age>18</age>
        <sex>女</sex>
    </student>
</students>

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.外部dtd：将约束的规则定义在外部的dtd文件中

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　本地：<!DOCTYPE 根标签名 SYSTEM "dtd文件的位置">

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　网络：<!DOCTYPE 根标签名 PUBLIC "dtd文件名字""dtd文件的位置">

约束文件dtd

<!ELEMENT students (student*) >
<!ELEMENT student (name,age,sex)>
<!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT sex (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST student number ID #REQUIRED>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE students SYSTEM "student.dtd">

<!--<!DOCTYPE students [
        <!ELEMENT students (student*) >
        <!ELEMENT student (name,age,sex)>
        <!ELEMENT name (#PCDATA)>
        <!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
        <!ELEMENT sex (#PCDATA)>
        <!ATTLIST student number ID #REQUIRED>

        ]>-->

<students>
    <student number="s001">
        <name>damofan</name>
        <age>18</age>
        <sex>男</sex>
    </student>
    <student number="s002">
        <name>muningxue</name>
        <age>18</age>
        <sex>女</sex>
    </student>
</students>

xml_约束_schema

　　　　Schema：一种复杂的约束技术 

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns="http://www.itcast.cn/xml"
        xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
        targetNamespace="http://www.itcast.cn/xml" elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xsd:element name="students" type="studentsType"/>
    <xsd:complexType name="studentsType">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="student" type="studentType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
        </xsd:sequence>
    </xsd:complexType>
    <xsd:complexType name="studentType">
        <xsd:sequence>
            <xsd:element name="name" type="xsd:string"/>
            <xsd:element name="age" type="ageType" />
            <xsd:element name="sex" type="sexType" />
        </xsd:sequence>
        <xsd:attribute name="number" type="numberType" use="required"/>
    </xsd:complexType>
    <xsd:simpleType name="sexType">
        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
            <xsd:enumeration value="male"/>
            <xsd:enumeration value="female"/>
        </xsd:restriction>
    </xsd:simpleType>
    <xsd:simpleType name="ageType">
        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer">
            <xsd:minInclusive value="0"/>
            <xsd:maxInclusive value="256"/>
        </xsd:restriction>
    </xsd:simpleType>
    <xsd:simpleType name="numberType">
        <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
            <xsd:pattern value="heima_\d{4}"/>
        </xsd:restriction>
    </xsd:simpleType>
</xsd:schema> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!-- 
    1.填写xml文档的根元素
    2.引入xsi前缀.  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    3.引入xsd文件命名空间.  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.itcast.cn/xml  student.xsd"
    4.为每一个xsd约束声明一个前缀,作为标识  xmlns="http://www.itcast.cn/xml" 
    
    
 -->
 <students   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
              xmlns="http://www.itcast.cn/xml" 
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.itcast.cn/xml  student.xsd"
             >
     <student number="heima_0001">
        <name>mofan</name>
        <age>20</age>
        <sex>male</sex>
    </student>
    <student number="heima_0002">
        <name>muningxue</name>
        <age>19</age>
        <sex>female </sex>
    </student>
         
 </students>