.NET6之MiniAPI(十九)：NLog

在本系例文章的第八篇中，我们聊过官方的日志实现，即《.NET6之MiniAPI(八)：日志》。但官方的日志功能更多是提供了一个实现基础，对于要求一个灵活，强大，方便的日志体系，官方的还是有差距的，那么本篇就介绍一下NLog，这款强大，灵活，方便的日志库，在MiniAPI中的使用。直入主题，首先引入NeGut包

NLog.Web.AspNetCore

添加代码实现很简单

using NLog;
using NLog.Web;

//启动日志
var logger = NLog.LogManager.Setup().LoadConfigurationFromAppSettings().GetCurrentClassLogger();
logger.Debug("init main");
try
{
    var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
    //配置日志
    builder.Logging.ClearProviders();
    builder.Logging.SetMinimumLevel(Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel.Trace);
    builder.Host.UseNLog();

    var app = builder.Build();
    //使用日志
    app.MapGet("/logtest", () =>
    {
        app.Logger.LogTrace("LogTrace");
        app.Logger.LogDebug("LogDebug");
        app.Logger.LogWarning("LogWarning");
        app.Logger.LogInformation("LogInformation");
        app.Logger.LogError("LogError");
        app.Logger.LogCritical(new Exception("eLogCritical"), "LogCritical");
        return "logtest";
    });
    app.MapGet("/myvalue", MyService.GetMyValue);
    app.Run();
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
    //异常时处理日志
    logger.Fatal(exception, "Stopped program because of exception");
}
finally
{
    NLog.LogManager.Shutdown();
}

class MyService
{
    public static string GetMyValue(ILogger<MyService> logger)
    {
        logger.LogInformation("TestService.GetMyValue");
        return "MyValue";
    }
}

　　NLog的真正方便，在配置的丰富，通过配置灵活地实现不日志方式，不同信息项目的采集。NLog的配置以nlog.config文件名保存在项目根目录下，当然也可以通过修改启动日志的LoadConfigurationFramAppSettings来配置nlog.config路径。

　　配置主要通过targets节点和rules节点协助实现配置，targets主要是配置保存或显示日志的方式，是txt文件，还json文件，以及layout中日志的内容，具体target的属性，有很多，参见https://github.com/NLog/NLog/wiki/File-target。另外一个就是layout中，也就是将来的日志信息有那些元素，可参见https://nlog-project.org/config/?tab=layout-renderers。

　　rules主要是配置不同的功能模块，日志级别等信息，参见https://github.com/nlog/nlog/wiki/Configuration-file#rules。

　　下面的案例配置，实现了官方模板自带的allfile和ownFile-web两个txt格式的模板，和一个jsonfile的模板，同时还有一个彩色控制台模板（各个模板的属性，官方文档比较详细，这里就不展开了）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      autoReload="true"
      internalLogLevel="Info">

  <!-- enable asp.net core layout renderers -->
  <extensions>
    <add assembly="NLog.Web.AspNetCore"/>
  </extensions>

  <!-- the targets to write to -->
  <targets>
    <!-- File Target for all log messages with basic details -->
    <target xsi:type="File" name="allfile" fileName="${basedir}\logs\nlog-AspNetCore-all-${shortdate}.log"
        layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0}|${level:uppercase=true}|${logger}|${message} ${exception:format=tostring}" />

    <!-- File Target for own log messages with extra web details using some ASP.NET core renderers -->
    <target xsi:type="File" name="ownFile-web" fileName="${basedir}\logs\nlog-AspNetCore-own-${shortdate}.log"
        layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId_Id:whenEmpty=0}|${level:uppercase=true}|${logger}|${message} ${exception:format=tostring}|url: ${aspnet-request-url}|action: ${aspnet-mvc-action}|${callsite}" />
    <!--json格式-->
    <target name="jsonfile" xsi:type="File" fileName="${basedir}\logs\${shortdate}.json">
      <layout xsi:type="JsonLayout" includeAllProperties="true">
        <attribute name="time" layout="${date:format=O}" />
        <attribute name="message" layout="${message}" />
        <attribute name="logger" layout="${logger}"/>
        <attribute name="level" layout="${level}"/>
        <attribute name='exception' layout='${exception}' />
        <attribute name='request' encode='false'  >
          <layout type='JsonLayout'>
            <attribute name="aspnet-request-ip" layout="${aspnet-request-ip}"/>
            <attribute name="aspnet-Request-Url" layout="${aspnet-Request-Url}"/>
            <attribute name="aspnet-Request-Host" layout="${aspnet-Request-Host}"/>
            <attribute name="aspnet-Request-Method" layout="${aspnet-Request-Method}"/>
          </layout>
        </attribute>
      </layout>
    </target>

    <!--Console Target for hosting lifetime messages to improve Docker / Visual Studio startup detection -->
    <target xsi:type="ColoredConsole" name="lifetimeConsole" layout="${MicrosoftConsoleLayout}" >
      <highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Error" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="NoChange"/>
      <highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Fatal" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="NoChange"/>
      <highlight-row condition="level == LogLevel.Warn" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="NoChange"/>
      
      <highlight-word text="info" condition="level == LogLevel.Info" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="Green" ignoreCase="true" regex="info" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
      <highlight-word text="warn" condition="level == LogLevel.Warn" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="Yellow" ignoreCase="true" regex="warn" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
      <highlight-word text="fail" condition="level == LogLevel.Error" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="Red" ignoreCase="true" regex="fail" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
      <highlight-word text="crit" condition="level == LogLevel.Fatal" backgroundColor="NoChange" foregroundColor="DarkRed" ignoreCase="true" regex="crit" wholeWords="true" compileRegex="true"/>
    </target>
  </targets>

  <!-- rules to map from logger name to target -->
  <rules>
    <!--All logs, including from Microsoft-->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="allfile" />
    <!--Output hosting lifetime messages to console target for faster startup detection -->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="lifetimeConsole" />
    <!--Skip non-critical Microsoft logs and so log only own logs (BlackHole) -->
    <logger name="Microsoft.*" maxlevel="Info" final="true" />
    <logger name="System.Net.Http.*" maxlevel="Info" final="true" />
    <!--json格式-->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="jsonfile" />
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="ownFile-web" />
  </rules>
</nlog>

这里的appsettings.jsons配置如下

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Trace",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Trace"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*"
}

根据配置，看看具体的实现效果：

控制台结果

 2022-02-20.json结果

 nlog-AspNetCore-own-2022-02-20.log结果

 nlog-AspNetCore-all-2022-02-20.log结果

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