背景：
线上服务器，磁盘Linux的虚拟机根分区已经使用90%,触发了磁盘告警，再一顿操作删除后，勉勉强强回到了82%，现在需要对根目录进行扩容。
进入到EXSI管理平台，看到原来的sda磁盘只有30G【图一】，新添加一块100G 的新硬盘【图二】
图一
图二
登录机器，查看磁盘，发现了多了一块sdb
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 30G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 29G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 26G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 3G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 第一步：分区
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3cb140d1.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199):
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.再次查看磁盘，发现多了个sdb1
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 30G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 29G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 26G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 3G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 第二步：格式化
格式化硬盘，这里使用xfs格式，建议使用和系统一样的文件格式
可以看到/分区 【/dev/mapper/centos-root】 使用的是xfs 的文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="e1e8eda5-8b7a-45f0-a763-8868777e3f5f" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="DQGZrB-2WRU-JneT-xKKw-WFSN-ozM9-rnW0S4" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="a8e67b40-8e6e-4010-a911-21b4f95b90bf" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="326cb3bd-ea93-460d-9f2b-cded2d3836c8" TYPE="swap"
把/dev/sdb1 格式化成 xfs文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=26214144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=12799, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0可以看到/dev/sdb1 的文件系统为 xfs
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="e1e8eda5-8b7a-45f0-a763-8868777e3f5f" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="DQGZrB-2WRU-JneT-xKKw-WFSN-ozM9-rnW0S4" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="a8e67b40-8e6e-4010-a911-21b4f95b90bf" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="326cb3bd-ea93-460d-9f2b-cded2d3836c8" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="2eca6693-8885-4efe-a09e-320a0fe4eefa" TYPE="xfs" 第三步：lvm扩容
通过lvdisplay 可以看到 / 分区 的lv 名称为 root
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
..............
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID upKlP7-AbiZ-e3Yh-aYYN-5Eel-ULsG-TVXVer
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-09-26 05:16:02 -0400
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <26.00 GiB
Current LE 6655
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:01、创建pv物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.查看下pv物理卷
[root@localhost ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- <29.00g 0
/dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- <100.00g <100.00g2、向vg卷组 添加 pv物理卷
使用vgdisplay 查看下vg卷组名称为 centos
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <29.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7423
Alloc PE / Size 7423 / <29.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID GzMH6f-8Hne-1SF4-h89q-n95E-0xft-x8JRkb使用vgextend 添加pv到vg中
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended使用vgdisplay，可以看到空闲的PE 容量大约为100G
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 128.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 33022
Alloc PE / Size 7423 / <29.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 25599 / <100.00 GiB
VG UUID GzMH6f-8Hne-1SF4-h89q-n95E-0xft-x8JRkb3、扩容逻辑卷 lvm
通过lvdisplay 可以看到 / 分区 的lv 名称为 root
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
.....................
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID upKlP7-AbiZ-e3Yh-aYYN-5Eel-ULsG-TVXVer
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost, 2021-09-26 05:16:02 -0400
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <26.00 GiB
Current LE 6655
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0使用lvextend 增加逻辑卷 100G
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +100G /dev/centos/root
Insufficient free space: 25600 extents needed, but only 25599 available提示没有那么多的空闲的pe去添加，那我们就添加99G 【其实，上面的操作在往vg卷组里添加pv 的时候，也说明了 可用容量< 100G】
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +99G /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <26.00 GiB (6655 extents) to <125.00 GiB (31999 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.添加成功，我们看下磁盘大小，和挂载的情况
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 30G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 29G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 125G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 3G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 125G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.9M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 26G 1.5G 25G 6% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 150M 865M 15% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0通过 lsblk 可以看到/ 分区磁盘的容量变成了125G 了，但是 磁盘挂载那边还是没有变化
有两个解决方法：
1、重启
2、刷新下文件系统
这里，我们采用第二种方法，刷新文件系统
注意：不同的文件系统的刷新命令不一样
- resize2fs 逻辑卷名 （只适用于ext文件系统）
- xfs_growfs 挂载点 （只适用于xfs文件系统）
通过blkid 查看到/ 分区的文件系统为 xfs 格式【/dev/mapper/centos-root】
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.9M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 26G 1.5G 25G 6% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 150M 865M 15% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="e1e8eda5-8b7a-45f0-a763-8868777e3f5f" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="DQGZrB-2WRU-JneT-xKKw-WFSN-ozM9-rnW0S4" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="a8e67b40-8e6e-4010-a911-21b4f95b90bf" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="326cb3bd-ea93-460d-9f2b-cded2d3836c8" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="kuZdno-Kaue-WMEV-d6jh-zTjc-0eAa-YKcDxB" TYPE="LVM2_member" 使用xfs_growfs 刷新下文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=1703680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=6814720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=3327, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 6814720 to 32766976刷新后发现，/ 分区总的磁盘大小变成了125G
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 8.9M 1.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 125G 1.5G 124G 2% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 150M 865M 15% /boot
tmpfs 379M 0 379M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 30G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 29G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 125G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 3G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 125G 0 lvm /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 好了，本次ESXI虚拟机扩容/目录 成功
标签：centos,ESXI,虚拟机,1.9,dev,LV,localhost,root,硬盘 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ta1zi/p/16931573.html