在视图中，如果参数有request，我们可以直接使用，如果参数没有，则可以通过self.request获取
1.APIView
我们之前使用的基本上都是APIView,给我们提供了免除csrf验证，请求封装，版本控制，认证，权限和限流的功能，以下是源码展示
2.GenericAPIView
GenericAPIView 继承了APIView,增加了一些功能，如get_queryset,get_object等，实际开发中我们不会直接继承该类，该类是为后续的高度封装做的准备
3.GenericViewSet
开发中一般也很少直接去继承他，因为他也属于是 中间人类，在原来 GenericAPIView 基础上又增加了一个映射而已
GenericViewSet类中没有定义任何代码，他就是继承 ViewSetMixin 和 GenericAPIView，也就说他的功能就是将继承的两个类的功能继承到一起。
-
GenericAPIView，将数据库查询、序列化类的定义提取到类变量中，便于后期处理。 -
ViewSetMixin，将 get/post/put/delete 等方法映射到 list、create、retrieve、update、partial_update、destroy方法中，让视图不再需要两个类。
# urls.py
from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('api/users/', views.UserView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"})),
path('api/users/<int:pk>/', views.UserView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","patch":"partial_update","delete":"destory"})),
]
# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.response import Response
class UserView(GenericViewSet):
# 认证、权限、限流等
queryset = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(status=True)
serializer_class = 序列化类
def list(self, request):
# 业务逻辑：查看列表
queryset = self.get_queryset()
ser = self.get_serializer(intance=queryset,many=True)
print(ser.data)
return Response({"code": 0, 'data': "..."})
def create(self, request):
# 业务逻辑：新建
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': "..."})
def retrieve(self, request,pk):
# 业务逻辑：查看某个数据的详细
return Response({"code": 0, 'data': "..."})
def update(self, request,pk):
# 业务逻辑：全部修改
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': "..."})
def partial_update(self, request,pk):
# 业务逻辑：局部修改
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': "..."})
def destory(self, request,pk):
# 业务逻辑：删除
return Response({'code': 0, 'data': "..."})
4.五大视图类
助我们封装了增删改查查常用的的5个接口，结合着GenericViewSet使用
4.1 ListModelMixin
查看数据列表
路由
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('api/user/', views.User.as_view({'get': 'list'})),
]
视图
from app01.models import UserInfo
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, \
RetrieveModelMixin, \
CreateModelMixin, \
UpdateModelMixin, \
DestroyModelMixin
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email']
class User(ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserModelSerializer
4.2 RetrieveModelMixin
查看指定数据
路由
urlpatterns = [
path('api/user/<int:pk>/', views.User.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'})),
]
视图
from app01.models import UserInfo
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, \
RetrieveModelMixin, \
CreateModelMixin, \
UpdateModelMixin, \
DestroyModelMixin
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email']
class User(ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserModelSerializer
4.3 CreateModelMixin
创建数据
我们在保存数据到数据库中，可能前端传过来的数据只是部分，我们还需要对其他字段进行指定，可以重写perform_create
路由
urlpatterns = [
path('api/user/', views.User.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
]
视图
from app01.models import UserInfo
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, \
RetrieveModelMixin, \
CreateModelMixin, \
UpdateModelMixin, \
DestroyModelMixin
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email']
class User(ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserModelSerializer
def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save(password="123")
4.4 DestroyModelMixin
删除数据
路由
urlpatterns = [
path('api/user/<int:pk>/', views.User.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
]
视图
from app01.models import UserInfo
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, \
RetrieveModelMixin, \
CreateModelMixin, \
UpdateModelMixin, \
DestroyModelMixin
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email']
class User(ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserModelSerializer
4.5 UpdateModelMixin
-
全部更新：对于序列化起中fields中非只读的字段必须都传递过来，进行更新
-
局部更新：对于序列化中的fields中非只读的字段可以传递过来部分进行更新
路由
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('api/user/', views.User.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
path('api/user/<int:pk>/', views.User.as_view(
{'get': 'retrieve',
'delete': 'destroy',
'put': 'update',
'patch': 'partial_update'
}
)
),
]
视图
from app01.models import UserInfo
from rest_framework import serializers
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, \
RetrieveModelMixin, \
CreateModelMixin, \
UpdateModelMixin, \
DestroyModelMixin
class UserModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = UserInfo
fields = ['username', 'age', 'email']
class User(ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
queryset = UserInfo.objects.all()
serializer_class = UserModelSerializer
小结：
-
接口与数据库操作无关，直接继承APIView
-
接口背后需要对数据库进行操作，一般：
ModelViewSet或CreateModelMixin、ListModelMixin... -
利用钩子自定义功能。重写某个写方法，实现更加完善的功能。