Nginx SSL 双向认证，key 生成和配置

一、安装Nginx和OpenSSL

yum install nginx openssl -y

二、SSL 服务器 / 客户端双向验证证书的生成

创建一个新的 CA 根证书，在 nginx 安装目录下新建 ca 文件夹，进入 ca，创建几个子文件夹

mkdir ca && cd ca  
mkdir newcerts private conf server

# newcerts 子目录将用于存放 CA 签署过的数字证书(证书备份目录)；
# private 用于存放 CA 的私钥；
# conf 目录用于存放一些简化参数用的配置文件；
# server 存放服务器证书文件。

conf 目录新建 openssl.conf 文件

[ ca ] 
default_ca      = foo                   # The default ca section 

[ foo ] 
dir            = ./         # top dir  
database       = ./index.txt          # index file.  
new_certs_dir  = ./newcerts           # new certs dir 

certificate    = ./private/ca.crt         # The CA cert  
serial         = ./serial             # serial no file  
private_key    = ./private/ca.key  # CA private key  
RANDFILE       = ./private/.rand      # random number file 

default_days   = 3650                     # how long to certify for  
default_crl_days= 30                     # how long before next CRL  
default_md     = sha256                     # message digest method to use  
unique_subject = no                      # Set to 'no' to allow creation of  
                                         # several ctificates with same subject. 
policy         = policy_any              # default policy 

[ policy_any ] 
countryName = match  
stateOrProvinceName = match  
organizationName = match  
organizationalUnitName = match  
localityName            = optional  
commonName              = supplied  
emailAddress            = optional  

生成私钥 key 文件

openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key 2048  
输出
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus  
.......+++
.........................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)  
private 目录下有 ca.key 文件生成。 

生成私钥 key 文件

openssl genrsa -out private/ca.key 2048  
输出
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus  
.......+++
.........................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)  
private 目录下有 ca.key 文件生成。 

生成证书请求 csr 文件

openssl req -new -key private/ca.key -out private/ca.csr  

生成凭证 crt 文件

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in private/ca.csr -signkey private/ca.key -out private/ca.crt  

private 目录下有 ca.crt 文件生成。
为我们的 key 设置起始序列号和创建 CA 键库

echo FACE > serial  
#可以是任意四个字符
touch index.txt  

为 "用户证书" 的移除创建一个证书撤销列表

openssl ca -gencrl -out ./private/ca.crl -crldays 7 -config "./conf/openssl.conf"  
# 输出
Using configuration from ./conf/openssl.conf  
private 目录下有 ca.crl 文件生成。  

三、服务器证书的生成

创建一个 key

openssl genrsa -out server/server.key 2048  
为我们的 key 创建一个证书签名请求 csr 文件
openssl req -new -key server/server.key -out server/server.csr  
使用我们私有的 CA key 为刚才的 key 签名
openssl ca -in server/server.csr -cert private/ca.crt -keyfile private/ca.key -out     server/server.crt -config "./conf/openssl.conf"  
# 输出
Using configuration from ./conf/openssl.conf  
Check that the request matches the signature  
Signature ok  
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows  
countryName           :PRINTABLE:'CN'  
stateOrProvinceName   :ASN.1 12:'GuangDong'  
localityName          :ASN.1 12:'XX'  
organizationName      :ASN.1 12:'****'  
organizationalUnitName:ASN.1 12:'**'  
commonName            :ASN.1 12:'**'  
emailAddress          :IA5STRING:'****'  
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 07:37:02 2017 GMT (365 days)  
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y  
Write out database with 1 new entries  
Data Base Updated  

注：签名信息每次必须输入一致

四、客户端证书的生成 * 创建存放 key 的目录 users

mkdir users  

* 为用户创建一个 key

openssl genrsa -des3 -out ./users/client.key 2048  
输出：
Enter pass phrase for ./users/client.key:123  
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for ./users/client.key:123  
#要求输入 pass phrase，这个是当前 key 的口令，以防止本密钥泄漏后被人盗用。两次输入同一个密码(比如我这里输入     123)，users 目录下有 client.key 文件生成。
为 key 创建一个证书签名请求 csr 文件
openssl req -new -key ./users/client.key -out ./users/client.csr  
#users 目录下有 client.csr 文件生成。

使用我们私有的 CA key 为刚才的 key 签名

openssl ca -in ./users/client.csr -cert ./private/ca.crt -keyfile ./private/ca.key -out    ./users/client.crt -config "./conf/openssl.conf"  

将证书转换为大多数浏览器都能识别的 PKCS12 文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -clcerts -in ./users/client.crt -inkey ./users/client.key -out ./users/client.p12  

输出

Enter pass phrase for ./users/client.key:  
Enter Export Password:  
Verifying - Enter Export Password:  

输入密码后，users 目录下有 client.p12 文件生成。

五、Nginx配置

vhosts.xxx.conf 在 server { }段输入如下代码

    listen       443; 
    server_name  localhost; 
    ssi on; 
    ssi_silent_errors on; 
    ssi_types text/shtml; 

    ssl                  on; 
    ssl_certificate      /usr/local/nginx/ca/server/server.crt; 
    ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/ca/server/server.key; 
    ssl_client_certificate /usr/local/nginx/ca/private/ca.crt; 

    ssl_session_timeout  5m; 
    ssl_verify_client on;  #开户客户端证书验证 
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDH:AES:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!ADH:!DH;


    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on; 

重新启动Nginx

nginx -t
nginx -s reload

在浏览器导入client.p12文件即可访问