前言
最近在研究如何将自己的程序打包称deb格式，用dpkg或者apt管理起来，最终我们可以使用"dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc"来生成我们的deb文档。以下为我的学习心得，将每一个步骤记录下来。
准备工作
一.创建一个文件夹，里面放自己的程序，或者源码，文件夹命名<packagename>-<version>。
packagename即deb软件包名称，只能含有 小写字母 (a-z), 数字 (0-9), 加号 (+) 和 减号 (-) ， 以及 点号 (.)。 软件包名最短长度两个字符；它必须以字母开头；它不能与仓库软件包名发生冲突。还有，把软件包名的长度控制在 30 字符以内是明智之举。
version即deb软件包版本号，只包含字母和数字 (0-9A-Za-z), 以及加号 (+), 波浪号 (~), 还有 点号(.)。它必须以数字开头 (0-9)。如果可能的话，最好把它的长度控制在8字符以内。
范例：我要建立一个helloworld-1.0.0的deb软件包
1.创建一个文件夹：helloworld-1.0.0
2.将自己的程序放进去（这里我写了一个简单的脚本）
1 root@508b9712a279:/data# tree 2 . 3 └── helloworld-1.0.0 4 └── sbin 5 └── helloworld 6 7 2 directories, 1 file 8 root@508b9712a279:/data#
3.打包：将helloworld-1.0.0打包成tar.gz
1 root@508b9712a279:/data# tar -zcvf helloworld-1.0.0.tar.gz helloworld-1.0.0/ 2 helloworld-1.0.0/ 3 helloworld-1.0.0/sbin/ 4 helloworld-1.0.0/sbin/helloworld 5 root@508b9712a279:/data# ls -l 6 total 8 7 drwxrwxr-x 3 moxa moxa 4096 Oct 27 11:29 helloworld-1.0.0 8 -rw-rw-r-- 1 moxa moxa 226 Oct 27 11:35 helloworld-1.0.0.tar.gz 9 root@508b9712a279:/data#
二.使用dh_make初始化软件包
1.安装dh_make：apt install -y dh-make
2.设置dh_make默认环境变量：$DEBEMAIL 和 $DEBFULLNAME，这样大多数 Debian 维护工具就能够正确识别你用于维护软件包的姓名和电子邮件地址。我的做法是将其加在.bashrc的最后，然后再source ~/.bashrc生效。
1 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# tail -n 4 ~/.bashrc 2 DEBEMAIL="ethandl.wang@moxa.com" 3 DEBFULLNAME="ethan wang" 4 export DEBEMAIL DEBFULLNAME 5 6 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# source ~/.bashrc
3.检验环境变量已生效
1 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# export | grep DEB 2 declare -x DEBEMAIL="ethandl.wang@moxa.com" 3 declare -x DEBFULLNAME="ethan wang"
4.初始化软件包
1 root@508b9712a279:/data# ls 2 helloworld-1.0.0 helloworld-1.0.0.tar.gz 3 root@508b9712a279:/data# ls 4 helloworld-1.0.0 helloworld-1.0.0.tar.gz 5 root@508b9712a279:/data# cd helloworld-1.0.0 6 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# dh_make -f ../helloworld-1.0.0.tar.gz -n -s -y 7 Maintainer Name : ethan wang 8 Email-Address : ethandl.wang@moxa.com 9 Date : Thu, 27 Oct 2022 03:56:40 +0000 10 Package Name : helloworld 11 Version : 1.0.0 12 License : gpl3 13 Package Type : single 14 Currently there is not top level Makefile. This may require additional tuning 15 Done. Please edit the files in the debian/ subdirectory now. 16 17 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0#
-s：Automatically set the package class to Single binary, skipping the question.
-n：Create a native Debian packages
-y：Automatic yes to prompts and run non-interactively. The package class needs to be set for dh_make to run fully automatically.
在helloworld-1.0.0内就会生成一个debian的文件夹
5. debian目录中的必需文件
1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 Oct 27 10:36 debian/changelog 2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3 Oct 27 10:36 debian/compat 3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 279 Oct 27 10:36 debian/control 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Oct 27 10:36 debian/copyright 5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143 Oct 27 10:36 debian/install 6 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 678 Oct 27 10:36 debian/rules 7 8 debian/source: 9 total 4 10 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13 Oct 27 10:36 format
debian/install : 如果你的软件包需要那些标准的 make install 没有安装的文件，你可以把文件名和目标路径写入 install 文件，它们将被 dh_install(1) 安装。
1 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# cat debian/install 2 sbin/* sbin/ 3 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0#
更多详细资料可以参考官方文档：https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/dreq.zh-cn.html
创建软件包
1 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc
2 dpkg-buildpackage: info: source package helloworld
3 dpkg-buildpackage: info: source version 1.0.0
4 dpkg-buildpackage: info: source distribution unstable
5 dpkg-buildpackage: info: source changed by ethan wang <ethandl.wang@moxa.com>
6 dpkg-buildpackage: info: host architecture amd64
7 dpkg-source --before-build .
8 debian/rules clean
9 dh clean
10 dh_clean
11 dpkg-source -b .
12 dpkg-source: info: using source format '3.0 (native)'
13 dpkg-source: info: building helloworld in helloworld_1.0.0.tar.xz
14 dpkg-source: info: building helloworld in helloworld_1.0.0.dsc
15 debian/rules binary
16 dh binary
17 dh_update_autotools_config
18 dh_autoreconf
19 create-stamp debian/debhelper-build-stamp
20 dh_prep
21 dh_install
22 dh_installdocs
23 dh_installchangelogs
24 dh_perl
25 dh_link
26 dh_strip_nondeterminism
27 dh_compress
28 dh_fixperms
29 dh_missing
30 dh_dwz -a
31 dh_strip -a
32 dh_makeshlibs -a
33 dh_shlibdeps -a
34 dh_installdeb
35 dh_gencontrol
36 dpkg-gencontrol: warning: Depends field of package helloworld: substitution variable ${shlibs:Depends} used, but is not defined
37 dh_md5sums
38 dh_builddeb
39 dpkg-deb: building package 'helloworld' in '../helloworld_1.0.0_amd64.deb'.
40 dpkg-genbuildinfo
41 dpkg-genchanges >../helloworld_1.0.0_amd64.changes
42 dpkg-genchanges: info: including full source code in upload
43 dpkg-source --after-build .
44 dpkg-buildpackage: info: full upload; Debian-native package (full source is included)
45 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0#
46 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0#
47 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0#
48 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# dpkg -c ../helloworld_1.0.0_amd64.deb
49 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2022-10-27 03:56 ./
50 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2022-10-27 03:56 ./sbin/
51 -rwxr-xr-x root/root 53 2022-10-27 03:30 ./sbin/helloworld
52 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2022-10-27 03:56 ./usr/
53 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2022-10-27 03:56 ./usr/share/
54 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2022-10-27 03:56 ./usr/share/doc/
55 drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2022-10-27 03:56 ./usr/share/doc/helloworld/
56 -rw-r--r-- root/root 185 2022-10-27 03:56 ./usr/share/doc/helloworld/README.Debian
57 -rw-r--r-- root/root 141 2022-10-27 03:56 ./usr/share/doc/helloworld/changelog.gz
58 -rw-r--r-- root/root 1640 2022-10-27 03:56 ./usr/share/doc/helloworld/copyright
59 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0#
安装&运行&卸载
1 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# dpkg -i ../helloworld_1.0.0_amd64.deb 2 Selecting previously unselected package helloworld. 3 (Reading database ... 20973 files and directories currently installed.) 4 Preparing to unpack ../helloworld_1.0.0_amd64.deb ... 5 Unpacking helloworld (1.0.0) ... 6 Setting up helloworld (1.0.0) ... 7 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# helloworld 8 hello,world, i am a deb package. 9 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0# dpkg --purge helloworld 10 (Reading database ... 20978 files and directories currently installed.) 11 Removing helloworld (1.0.0) ... 12 root@508b9712a279:/data/helloworld-1.0.0#
标签：1.0,dh,data,helloworld,linux,508b9712a279,deb,root,打包 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ethandlwang/p/16831774.html