centos 配置或安装国内yum源

前言：
本文先讲述配置yum, 再讲述安装yum，因为一般系统会已经安装有yum了的，可以直接输入指令yum-回车确认（如下述 安装-第6点）。

一、配置yum

1、查看看是否存在yum

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum

yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch
PackageKit-yum-1.1.10-2.el7.centos.x86_64
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch

2、备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

3、下载新的 CentOS-Base.repo 到 /etc/yum.repos.d/

阿里云yum（2024最新yum：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/）

centos 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
或
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

centos 8

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
或
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo

网易yum(2024最新yum：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/)

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

CentOS 6

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

CentOS 5

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo

4、清除缓存

yum clean all

5、新建缓存

yum makecache

完成！！！

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二、安装yum

注：请确认你是否能访问centos官网（https://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/Packages/ ），或者是否有 国内的yum安装包（国内的最新yum的安装包我暂时没找到，下述的安装包为centos官网的）

1、删除yum安装包（建议先备份相关的yum文件再做删除，不然环境重要的话，后悔都来不及）

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -aq|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps

2、查看：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum

4、进入centos官网获取yum的安装包
（https://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/Packages/）

wget https://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm
wget https://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://vault.centos.org/7.2.1511/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost opt]# ll  (下载得如下文件)
total 1304
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1272736 Dec  3  2015 yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   28348 Jul  3  2014 yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   30600 Nov 25  2015 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost opt]#

5、解压安装yum安装包

rpm -ivh yum-*

6、确认安装完成

[root@localhost ljh]# yum
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to give some command
Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check          Check for problems in the rpmdb
check-update   Check for available package updates
......略