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CentOS 7.6 Samba服务搭建教程

时间：2024-04-30 15:12:21浏览次数：32  
标签：ManagementDepartment users CentOS mask share samba 7.6 Samba smb

CentosOS 7.6 samba服务器搭建

系统环境

os: "CentOS 7.6 x64"

lang: "en"

搭建教程

手动安装

1. 环境安装

安装samba服务

yum install -y samba

2. 启动Samba服务并设置开机自启

systemctl start smb
systemctl enable smb

3. 关闭防火墙

方法1 （永久关闭）

  1. 暂停防火墙服务
systemctl stop firewalld.service
  1. 关闭开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service

方法2（只允许samba需要的端口）

  1. 添加samba访问端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=139/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=445/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=137/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=138/udp --permanent
  1. 重新加载防火墙配置
firewall-cmd --reload
  1. 重启防火墙
systemctl restart firewalld.service

4. 关闭selinux

方法1：临时关闭

setenforce 0

方法2：永久关闭SELinux1

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

方法3：永久关闭SELinux2

vi /etc/selinux/config

文件中设置SELINUX=disabled ，然后重启服务器。

修改前

修改后

5. 修改Samba配置

  1. 删除samba原有配置
rm -f /etc/samba/smb.conf
  1. 添加新samba配置
cat << 'EOF' > /etc/samba/smb.conf
# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.

[global]
workgroup = WORKGROUP
security = user
passdb backend = tdbsam
printing = cups
printcap name = cups
load printers = yes
cups options = raw

[share]
comment = Share Directories
path = /home/user1/share/
public = yes
writable = yes
browseable = yes
create mask = 0644
directory mask = 0775
EOF

6. 添加Samba用户

useradd user1
smbpasswd -a user1

7. 创建共享目录并设置权限

mkdir -p /home/user1/share
chmod -R 777 /home/user1/share
chown -R user1:user1 /home/user1/share

/home/user1/share 这个文件目录一定要给Samba对应的用户权限，不放心可设置777权限

8. 重启Samba服务

systemctl restart smb

注意

smb.conf配置添加注释需要另起一行输入，在单行中既包含配置信息又包含注释会导致路径无效以及其他报错

文件已经存在报错

假设你想要将 /home/user1/share 目录的所有者更改为 Samba 用户（假设是 user1），并且将其权限设置为 rwxr-xr-x（即 755），可以使用以下命令

附录

smb服务管理

启动服务

systemctl start smb

设置smb开机运行

sudo systemctl enable smb.service

检查是否smb开机启动

sudo systemctl is-enabled smb.service

查看samba的状态

systemctl status smb

看到Active就说明在运行中了

附加

修改文件夹权限

修改权限

chmod 777 /home/user1/share -R

修改之前

修改之后

chown -R user1:user1 /home/user1/share

修改之前

修改之后

都执行完成后

/home 目录下的权限

/home/user1 目录下的权限

/home/user1/share/ 目录下的权限

chmod 777 /home/user1/share -R

第3步：重启samba服务

systemctl restart smb

Windows挂载Samba共享文件

Win + R快捷键打开命令输入框，输入
\samba服务器IP，如
\10.1.203.36
可以映射为磁盘，以后开机就自动连接了，相当于一个外挂的共享磁盘。

net use z: \\192.168.44.132\

Linux挂载Samba共享文件

首先我们需要在centos7上安装一个samba客户端程序
yum install -y cifs-utils
在客户端服务器，创建一个挂载点
mkdir /data
执行挂载命令
mount -t cifs -o username=“username”,password=“your password” //samba服务器域名或者samba服务器IP/共享名/ /挂载点
翻译一下：
mount -t cifs -o username="你的samba用户名",password="你的密码" //IP地址/share /挂载到本地服务器目录

常见问题

smb.conf配置文件中路径配置无效或路径不存在会报错以下界面

多用户安装

1. 环境安装

安装samba服务

yum install -y samba

2. 启动Samba服务并设置开机自启

systemctl start smb
systemctl enable smb

3. 关闭防火墙

方法1 （永久关闭）

  1. 暂停防火墙服务
systemctl stop firewalld.service
  1. 关闭开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service

方法2（只允许samba需要的端口）

  1. 添加samba访问端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=139/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=445/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=137/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=138/udp --permanent
  1. 重新加载防火墙配置
firewall-cmd --reload
  1. 重启防火墙
systemctl restart firewalld.service

4. 关闭selinux

方法1：临时关闭

setenforce 0

方法2：永久关闭SELinux1

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config

方法3：永久关闭SELinux2

vi /etc/selinux/config

文件中设置SELINUX=disabled ，然后重启服务器。

修改前

修改后

5. 修改Samba配置

  1. 删除samba原有配置
rm -f /etc/samba/smb.conf
  1. 添加新samba配置
cat << 'EOF' > /etc/samba/smb.conf
# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.
#
# Note:
# SMB1 is disabled by default. This means clients without support for SMB2 or
# SMB3 are no longer able to connect to smbd (by default).

[global]
workgroup = WORKGROUP
netbios name = huicheng
security = user
map to guest = bad user
dns proxy = no
server min protocol = SMB3
server max protocol = SMB3



[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        valid users = %S, %D%w%S
        browseable = No
        read only = No
        inherit acls = Yes

[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/tmp
        printable = Yes
        create mask = 0600
        browseable = No

[print$]
        comment = Printer Drivers
        path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
        write list = root
        create mask = 0664
        directory mask = 0775

[主管部门]

        comment = ManagementDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/ManagementDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment

[运维部门]

        comment = MaintenanceDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/MaintenanceDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@MaintenanceDepartment,@TechnicalDepartment,@CustomerDepartment,@CodeDepartment,@ShadowDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment,@MaintenanceDepartment
        read list = @TechnicalDepartment,@CustomerDepartment,@CodeDepartment,@ShadowDepartment

[技术部门]

        comment = TechnicalDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/TechnicalDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask =0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@TechnicalDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @TechnicalDepartment

[客服部门]

        comment = CustomerDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/CustomerDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@CustomerDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @CustomerDepartment

[代号部门]

        comment = CodeDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/CodeDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@CodeDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @CodeDepartment

[影子部门]

        comment = ShadowDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/ShadowDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@ShadowDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @ShadowDepartment

EOF

linux 命令 批量添加用户，并添加组

创建用户文件

  1. 创建文件input_file.txt
cat >> input_file.txt <<'EOF'
User_1001_vMrAyb 0vuPy91pQYbP ManagementDepartment
User_2001_esPms2 5nsBIsFpZxgt TechnicalDepartment
User_2002_qSFjLg M9tKPpWE3tIN TechnicalDepartment
User_2003_Wc6fLa mGlD3kw93y3i TechnicalDepartment
User_2004_ZNUIz2 TZh8Lfb9bHQU TechnicalDepartment
User_2005_ac6X9U CPBspV1jaB6m TechnicalDepartment
User_2006_Pc2j9m R6n648NK1WD2 TechnicalDepartment
User_3001_CuBKow 5GjqHbljVvBK CustomerDepartment
User_3002_1aC9nH DvfLlrnmPHEG CustomerDepartment
User_3003_No8m6T 64QbB8ZARuG4 CustomerDepartment
User_3004_pt0iE6 QFwE39D097oX CustomerDepartment
User_3005_LIdi35 ofGdH3yp9EhD CustomerDepartment
Virtual_1001_S71QA3 urdKUHnKLsn1 CodeDepartment
Virtual_1002_tLSYeb CW89mfDckEN9 CodeDepartment
Virtual_1003_v92kQc 5NbaV8YglpNu CodeDepartment
Virtual_2001_VtcKsx IwBRPT1RK60i CodeDepartment
Virtual_2002_evMdSW 5uHEGmjRAGci CodeDepartment
Virtual_3001_cqMdS1 ZmguZP6qw7lD ShadowDepartment
Virtual_3002_6tNovh mDFe7a4BRgsu ShadowDepartment
Virtual_3003_rlO476 vy6ASfB2QeWo ShadowDepartment
Virtual_3004_p4Up62 LPgY6bG6LRKa ShadowDepartment
Virtual_3005_lwRICB 9rT4Nc4qpO86 ShadowDepartment
Virtual_3006_pyFCID uay0kl74t9DM ShadowDepartment
Virtual_3007_YQ3ff4 1bP3NP0OQuig ShadowDepartment
EOF

批量添加用户

方法1. 一键创建user和samba用户（推荐）

  1. 创建脚本all_usersambaadd_script.sh

new

cat >> all_usersambaadd_script.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# 定义包含用户名、密码和用户组的文件路径
input_file="input_file.txt"

# 检查输入文件是否存在
if [ ! -f "$input_file" ]; then
    echo "Input file not found: $input_file"
    exit 1
fi

# 逐行读取输入文件，并为每个用户执行用户创建和 SAMBA 用户创建操作
while IFS=' ' read -r username password group; do
   
    # 创建组
    groupadd "${group}"
    
    #添加用户到组
    useradd -g "${group}" "${username}"
    
    # 创建Samba用户
    echo -e "${password}\n${password}" | smbpasswd -a "$username" -s

    # 检查 smbpasswd 命令的退出状态，并输出相应的消息
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "${username}已成功添加为SAMBA用户."
    else
        echo "用户${username}添加失败！"
    fi

    echo "User ${username} created and added to group ${group}"

done < "$input_file"

echo "Batch user creation and SAMBA user creation completed."

EOF

old

cat >> all_usersambaadd_script.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# 定义包含用户名、密码和用户组的文件路径
input_file="input_file.txt"

# 检查输入文件是否存在
if [ ! -f "$input_file" ]; then
    echo "Input file not found: $input_file"
    exit 1
fi

# 逐行读取输入文件，并为每个用户执行用户创建和 SAMBA 用户创建操作
while IFS=' ' read -r username password group; do
    # 创建用户
    useradd -m -s /bin/bash "${username}"

    # 设置用户密码
    echo "${username}:${password}" | chpasswd

    # 如果用户组不存在，则创建用户组
    getent group "${group}" || groupadd "${group}"

    # 添加用户到用户组
    usermod -aG "${group}" "${username}"

    # 创建Samba用户
    echo -e "${password}\n${password}" | smbpasswd -a "$username" -s

    # 检查 smbpasswd 命令的退出状态，并输出相应的消息
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "${username}已成功添加为SAMBA用户."
    else
        echo "用户${username}添加失败！"
    fi

    echo "User ${username} created and added to group ${group}"

done < "$input_file"

echo "Batch user creation and SAMBA user creation completed."

EOF
  1. 执行linux脚本
bash all_usersambaadd_script.sh

方法2. 批量创建user脚本，创建samba脚本

  1. 批量创建user脚本

cat >> useradd_script.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# 从文本文件中读取用户名、密码和用户组
while IFS=' ' read -r username password group; do
    # 创建用户
    useradd -m -s /bin/bash "${username}"

    # 设置密码
    echo "${username}:${password}" | chpasswd

    # 如果用户组不存在，则创建用户组
    getent group "${group}" || groupadd "${group}"

    # 添加到用户组
    usermod -aG "${group}" "${username}"


echo "User ${username} created and added to group ${group}"

done < input_file.txt


echo "Batch user creation completed."

EOF
  1. 执行linux脚本
bash useradd_script.sh
  1. 批量创建samba脚本
cat >> sambaadd_script.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# 定义 SAMBA 密码
samba_password="password123"

# 定义包含用户名、密码和组名的文件路径
input_file="input_file.txt"

# 检查输入文件是否存在
if [ ! -f "$input_file" ]; then
    echo "Input file not found: $input_file"
    exit 1
fi

# 逐行读取输入文件，并为每个用户执行 smbpasswd 命令
while IFS=' ' read -r username password group; do
    # 使用 echo 命令来输入密码，然后将其传递给 smbpasswd 命令
    echo -e "${password}\n${password}" | smbpasswd -a "$username" -s

    # 检查 smbpasswd 命令的退出状态，并输出相应的消息
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "${username}已成功添加为SAMBA用户."
    else
        echo "用户${username}添加失败！"
    fi
done < "$input_file"

echo "批量 SAMBA 用户创建已完成。"

EOF
  1. 执行linux脚本
bash sambaadd_script.sh

创建文件夹并设置权限

  1. 批量创建部门文件夹
mkdir -p /srv/team_share/{ManagementDepartment,MaintenanceDepartment,TechnicalDepartment,CustomerDepartment,CodeDepartment,ShadowDepartment}
  1. 设置权限
chmod -R 777 /srv/team_share/{ManagementDepartment,MaintenanceDepartment,TechnicalDepartment,CustomerDepartment,CodeDepartment,ShadowDepartment}
提示：创建文件夹可以访问目录但是无法添加修改文件，权限设置后客户端访问后直接任意操作，创建文件夹和权限并不需要再重启samba服务
附加

无法访问samba也有可能是没有关闭防火墙导致

uaseredd username #添加用户到系统

groupadd groupname #添加用户组到系统

pdbedit命令

pdbedit -L #显示列表

pdbedit -a username #添加username用户到samba，添加前确保此用户已在系统内(uaseredd username)

pdbedit -x username #删除username用户

其他

valid users = @groupname #可以访问资源用户组需要在前面添加@,单个用户不需要添加@

invalid users=share #限制某个用户访问资源

net use * /del 代表清除samba用户连接数据。需要普通用户cmd执行。

windows端使用端口映射，将本地的455端口映射到远端服务器的5058端口，并重启电脑

管理员运行CMD命令行，并执行命令

netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=445 listenaddress=127.0.0.1 connectport=5058 connectaddress=144.123.128.62

一键脚本

cat >> autosmb.sh <<'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

# 1. 安装Samba服务
yum install -y samba

# 2. 启动Samba服务并设置开机自启
systemctl start smb
systemctl enable smb

## 3：防火墙只允许samba需要的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=139/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=445/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=137/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=138/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
systemctl restart firewalld.service

# 4. 关闭SELinux
## 方法1：临时关闭
setenforce 0


EOF

执行一键脚本

bash autosmb.sh

删除原有配置

rm -f /etc/samba/smb.conf

测试脚本1

cat << 'EOF' > /etc/samba/smb.conf
# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.
#
# Note:
# SMB1 is disabled by default. This means clients without support for SMB2 or
# SMB3 are no longer able to connect to smbd (by default).

[global]
workgroup = WORKGROUP
netbios name = huicheng
security = user
map to guest = bad user
dns proxy = no
server min protocol = SMB3
server max protocol = SMB3



[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        valid users = %S, %D%w%S
        browseable = No
        read only = No
        inherit acls = Yes

[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/tmp
        printable = Yes
        create mask = 0600
        browseable = No

[print$]
        comment = Printer Drivers
        path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
        write list = root
        create mask = 0664
        directory mask = 0775

[主管部门]

        comment = ManagementDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/ManagementDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment

[运维部门]

        comment = MaintenanceDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/MaintenanceDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@MaintenanceDepartment,@TechnicalDepartment,@CustomerDepartment,@CodeDepartment,@ShadowDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment,@MaintenanceDepartment
        read list = @TechnicalDepartment,@CustomerDepartment,@CodeDepartment,@ShadowDepartment

[技术部门]

        comment = TechnicalDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/TechnicalDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask =0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@TechnicalDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @TechnicalDepartment

[客服部门]

        comment = CustomerDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/CustomerDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@CustomerDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @CustomerDepartment

[代号部门]

        comment = CodeDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/CodeDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@CodeDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @CodeDepartment

[影子部门]

        comment = ShadowDepartment share for users
        path = /srv/team_share/ShadowDepartment/
        browseable = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0777
        directory mask = 0777
        valid users = @ManagementDepartment,@ShadowDepartment
        write list = @ManagementDepartment
        read list = @ShadowDepartment

EOF

执行一键脚本

bash autosmb.sh

old

Filename batadduser.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 从文本文件中读取用户名、密码和用户组
while IFS=' ' read -r username password group; do
    # 创建用户
    useradd -m -s /bin/bash "${username}"

    # 设置密码
    echo "${username}:${password}" | chpasswd

    # 如果用户组不存在，则创建用户组
    getent group "${group}" || groupadd "${group}"

    # 添加到用户组
    usermod -aG "${group}" "${username}"


echo "User ${username} created and added to group ${group}"

done < input_file.txt


echo "Batch user creation completed."

执行linux脚本

bash batadduser.sh

附录

create mask =0777 #指新创建的文件的访问权限是否放开
directory mask = 0777 #指新创建的目录的访问权限是否放开

如果设置的权限有0660或0770的情况需要通过shell命令 chmod 777 /home/samba/$[filename] -R 来重新定义权限。才能访问

valid users #可访问用户

write list #可写

read list #只读

systemctl restart smb nmb #重启smb nmb

sysetmctl enable smb.service #自启动smb

systemctl enable nmb.service #自启动nmb

chmod 777 /srv/team_share -R #设置文件夹权限,不设置权限也是无法访问

chmod 777 /srv/team_share/ManagementDepartment -R #设置文件夹权限,不设置权限即使打开了也是显示无法创建文件夹以及文件

chmod 777 /srv/team_share/TechnicalDepartment -R

给smb用户设置连接密码，命令回车后需要键盘输入密码，记住密码否则后期连不上。

第2步：设置共享目录，文件权限

mkdir /home/user1/share

文件已经存在报错

假设你想要将 /home/user1/share 目录的所有者更改为 Samba 用户（假设是 user1），并且将其权限设置为 rwxr-xr-x（即 755），可以使用以下命令

修改文件夹权限

修改权限

chmod 777 /srv/team_share/ManagementDepartment -R

修改之前

修改之后

chown -R User_1001_vMrAyb:User_1001_vMrAyb /srv/team_share/ManagementDepartment

chown -R ManagementDepartment:ManagementDepartment /srv/team_share/ManagementDepartment

修改之前

修改之后

都执行完成后

修改Samba配置

修改前

# See smb.conf.example for a more detailed config file or
# read the smb.conf manpage.
# Run 'testparm' to verify the config is correct after
# you modified it.

[global]
        workgroup = SAMBA
        security = user

        passdb backend = tdbsam

        printing = cups
        printcap name = cups
        load printers = yes
        cups options = raw

[homes]
        comment = Home Directories
        valid users = %S, %D%w%S
        browseable = No
        read only = No
        inherit acls = Yes

[printers]
        comment = All Printers
        path = /var/tmp
        printable = Yes
        create mask = 0600
        browseable = No

[print$]
        comment = Printer Drivers
        path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
        write list = @printadmin root
        force group = @printadmin
        create mask = 0664
        directory mask = 0775

待删

添加Samba用户

useradd user1


smbpasswd -a user1

添加Samba用户，即客户端连接需要用户名+密码才可

第1步：需要添加一个linux系统级用户来管理，可以使用已有用户（非root），也可以新建用户

useradd user1

//添加用户

passwd user1

//修改密码(linux系统的用密码，可以不设置，然后禁止该用户登录）

设置samba用户的连接密码（这一步很重要，必须要执行，这是后期客户端连接时需要输入的密码）

smbpasswd -a user1

给smb用户设置连接密码，命令回车后需要键盘输入密码，记住密码否则后期连不上。

常见问题

1. 可以打开目录，但是无法添加删除文件，问题如下

权限配置

解决方案

添加权限

chmod -R 777 /srv/team_share/{ManagementDepartment,MaintenanceDepartment,TechnicalDepartment,CustomerDepartment,CodeDepartment,ShadowDepartment}

添加权限后的界面

文件也能创建成功了

2.能显示目录，但是无法打开目录，显示如下

原因是没有指定目录

解决方案 创建samba配置中配置的目录

3. 能显示目录但是无法访问报错

原因有可能你只创建的user用户并没有创建samba用户

解决方案添加samba用户密码

smbpasswd -a User_1001_vMrAyb

坑！大重点，让我研究了好几天

  1. 对于组的分配，设置后不生效是因为组的创建有问题

创建组和用户的方法1

useradd User_1001_vMrAyb
groupadd ManagementDepartment
usermod -aG "ManagementDepartment" "User_1001_vMrAyb"

创建组和用户的方法2

groupadd ManagementDepartment
useradd -g ManagementDepartment User_1001_vMrAyb

解决方案，需要用方法2创建组，要不会无法分配组配额

标签：ManagementDepartment,users,CentOS,mask,share,samba,7.6,Samba,smb
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/leytebrad/p/18168048

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