提起linux内核链表,首先一定得弄清楚的两个linux内核常用宏offsetof && container_of offsetof宏
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)宏解析: 1、size_t在系统中一般指unsigned int,无符号整型 2、(TYPE *)0,把0地址强制转换成type结构体类型的指针,此时0就成了type结构体的首地址,就是结构体指针,那么就可以通过结构体指针来引用该结构体的成员,所以(TYPE *)0)->MEMBER的整体意义便是引用type类型结构体的成员member。 3、&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER的意义便是去member成员相对于0地址的偏移量 举个例子:
#include <stdio.h> #define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER) struct example_struct { int a; int b; char c; }; int main() { size_t offset = offsetof(struct example_struct, b); printf("Offset of 'b' member: %zu\n", offset); return 0; }运行结果如下: container_of宏
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \ const typeof(((type *)0)->member)*__mptr = (ptr); \ (type *)((char *)__mptr - offsetof(type, member)); })宏解析: 1、typeof 是一个在 C 语言中的编译器扩展,用于获取表达式的类型 2、const typeof(((type *)0)->member)*__mptr = (ptr); 是将ptr复制给mptr,mptr是struct中member的指针 3、(type *)((char *)__mptr - offsetof(type, member)); 是将mptr指针减去offsetof的值,那么就是返回这个struct的指针值,将 mptr 转换为 char * 是为了进行指针运算和偏移量计算 使用demo:
#include <stdio.h> #define offsetof(type, memb) (unsigned long)(&((type *)0)->memb) #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \ const typeof(((type *)0)->member)*__mptr = (ptr); \ (type *)((char *)__mptr - offsetof(type, member)); }) struct test_str { int a; int b; int c; }; int main(void) { struct test_str test; printf("test ptr: 0x%p, test.b ptr: 0x%p\n", &test, &test.b); printf("offsetof val: 0x%lx\n", offsetof(struct test_str, b)); //通过test_str中的b指针,来返回test_str结构体指针 printf("container_of: 0x%p\n", container_of(&test.b, struct test_str, b)); return 0; }运行结果如下: linux内核双向链表 在leetcode刷题一般使用的都是下面的链表使用方式:
struct node { unsigned int data; struct node *next; struct node *prev; };linux内核链表结构体如下:
struct list_head { struct list_head *next, *prev; }具体到实际使用时候的差异:
//做一个person的管理系统,person包含了age和name //方式1: struct person_list { int age; char *name; struct person_list *next, *prev; }; //方式2: struct list_head { struct list_head *next, *prev; }; struct person { int age; char *name; struct list_head list; };linux内核这种将链表抽象出来的实现方式,是由于Linux内核需要管理非常多的硬件设计,方式1的使用是和业务强相关的。 在linux内核中,则可以通过list来访问person的数据,使用上面提到的offsetof和container_of宏 linux内核链表使用API: 链表初始化:
static inline void INIT_LIST_HEAD(struct list_head *list) { list->next = list->prev = list; } // 链表静态初始化 #define LIST_HEAD_INIT(name) { &(name), &(name) } // 链表动态初始化 #define LIST_HEAD(name) \ struct list_head name = LIST_HEAD_INIT(name)添加链表节点:
static inline void __list_add(struct list_head *entry, struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next) { next->prev = entry; entry->next = next; entry->prev = prev; prev->next = entry; } --> void __list_add(struct list_head *new, struct list_head *a, struct list_head *b) { if (!__list_add_valid(new, prev, next)) return; b->prev = new; new->next = b; new->prev = a; a->next = new; } // 添加链表节点 static inline void list_add(struct list_head *entry, struct list_head *head) { __list_add(entry, head, head->next); } static inline void list_add_tail(struct list_head *entry, struct list_head *head) { __list_add(entry, head->prev, head); }__list_add(new, a, b)过程示意图如下: 删除链表节点:
static inline void __list_del(struct list_head *prev, struct list_head *next) { prev->next = next; next->prev = prev; } // 链表node节点删除操作,在调用 list_del() 后,要手动释放该节点的内存 void list_del(struct list_head *entry) { __list_del(entry->prev, entry->next); entry->next = NULL; entry->prev = NULL; }
链表遍历:
#define list_for_each(pos, head) \ for (pos = (head)->next; pos != (head); pos = pos->next) #define list_for_each_entry(pos, head, member) \ for (pos = container_of((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member); \ &pos->member != (head); \ pos = container_of(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member)) #define list_for_each_safe(pos, n, head) \ for (pos = (head)->next, n = pos->next; pos != (head); \ pos = n, n = pos->next)list_for_each() 和 list_for_each_safe() 的使用区别:
- 遍历链表时若不删除链表节点,两者都可以使用,效果没有差别;
- 遍历链表时若需要删除链表节点,则必须使用list_for_each_safe(),否则会出错
#include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/list.h> #include <linux/slab.h> struct my_struct { int data; struct list_head list; }; static struct list_head my_list; static int my_init(void) { struct my_struct *obj; int i; // 初始化链表 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&my_list); // 向链表中添加节点 for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) { obj = kmalloc(sizeof(struct my_struct), GFP_KERNEL); obj->data = i; list_add_tail(&obj->list, &my_list); } // 遍历链表并打印节点数据 struct list_head *pos; struct my_struct *entry; list_for_each(pos, &my_list) { entry = list_entry(pos, struct my_struct, list); printk(KERN_INFO "Data: %d\n", entry->data); } return 0; } static void my_exit(void) { struct list_head *pos, *q; struct my_struct *entry; // 删除链表中的所有节点并释放内存 list_for_each_safe(pos, q, &my_list) { entry = list_entry(pos, struct my_struct, list); list_del(pos); kfree(entry); } } module_init(my_init); module_exit(my_exit);
参考博客: https://blog.csdn.net/BigElt/article/details/131851307#comments_30341818 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37620587/article/details/129893469? 标签:head,struct,--,list,20240225,next,链表,pos From: https://www.cnblogs.com/lethe1203/p/18032772