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如何在CentOS7 安装 XRDP 远程桌面服务器

时间：2023-12-07 16:32:29浏览次数：44  
标签：VNC GNOME XRDP Desktop CentOS7 etc yum 远程桌面 安装

1）图形界面安装

CentOS7 没有图形化操作可能对很多人来说都不太习惯，下面我们来为 CentOS7 安装图形化界面，本文以安装 GNOME 图形化为例

**写在安装前： **如果你的 CentOS7 是最小化安装，默认都是不带 XWINDOWS 的

  1. 配置公网 Yum 源
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-\$releasever

[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[updates]
name=updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[centosplus]
name=centosplus
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever
EOF

yum clean all
yum repolist

输入安装 GNOME Desktop 命令

// < '桌面二选一' >
1. yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop" 	# GNOME DESKTOP
2. yum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop"		# MATE DESKTOP

image.png

安装完毕后，需要 设置默认从图形化界面启动

// 设置成图形模式
systemctl set-default graphical.target

重启系统

reboot

2）VNC 服务安装

Linux 系统在服务器上一般都直接最小化安装，并未安装图形界面，但是有时候，有一些特殊情况，需要使用图形界面。< 当然，其实我们也可以直接通过 XServer 转发至 Windows 显示 > 下面我将利用 VNC 来实现类似 Windows 的远程桌面功能。

首先，系统需要有图形界面，可以在安装系统的时候一起安装 GNOME，或者后面再安装也行，下面即安装方法。

  1. 配置公网 Yum 源
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/backup
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/backup

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=base
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/ 
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/os/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-\$releasever

[extras]
name=extras
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/extras/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[updates]
name=updates
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/updates/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever

[centosplus]
name=centosplus
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.163.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
        http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/\$releasever/centosplus/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-\$releasever
EOF

yum clean all
yum repolist
  1. 安装 GNOME 桌面
// 列出的组软件包列表
// < '桌面二选一' >
yum grouplist
yum groupinstall -y "GNOME Desktop"			// 安装 GNOME DESKTOP
yum groupinstall -y "MATE Desktop"			// 安装 MATE Desktop

# 安装完成后, 修改默认启动方式为图形化界面
// 设置成图形模式
systemctl set-default graphical.target  

# 如果要换回来
// 设置成命令模式
systemctl set-default multi-user.target

然后重启即可。

  1. 安装 VNC SERVER
yum install tigervnc-server -y
  1. 将 root 用户的 VNC 端口 设置为 Service 服务
// 复制一个 Service 服务设置模板
cp /lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service

// 修改此服务配置
# 以下为 root 用户的配置, 每一个用户, 都需要单独设置一个监听服务, 且配置不同
vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@\:1.service
[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=root

# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i
ExecStart=/sbin/runuser -l root -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/root/.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
  1. 设置 VNC 密码，VNC 的密码跟系统的用户密码不一样，是使用 VNC 客户端登陆时需要使用的密码。
[root@localhost ~] vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n		# 这里不添加只读账号密码
A view-only password is not used
  1. 启动服务，验证端口
# 设为开机启动
systemctl start vncserver@:1
systemctl enable vncserver@:1

# 查看服务监听的端口
netstat -lnpt | grep Xvnc

# 根据监听的端口
# 进行端口开放
# 每个用户会对应一个端口, 第一个用户默认为 5901 端口, 我这里是 root 用户
firewall-cmd --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

image.png

  1. 到此 VNC 服务就已经安装完成了。然后需要使用 VNC 客户端进行连接。

image.png

**注意：MATE DESKTOP **桌面可能会出现如下状况

image.png

解决

< '解决' >
vim ~/.vnc/xstartup
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

/usr/bin/mate-session &

image.png

重启 ROOT 端口服务

systemctl restart vncserver@:1

image.png

完成 VNC 连接~

3）XRDP 服务安装

CentOS7 提供了 "Cinnamon Desktop"，"MATE Desktop"，"GNOME Desktop"，"KDE Plasma Workspaces"，"LXQt Desktop"，**"Xfce" ** 让我们安装。

  1. 我们可以选择自己喜欢的桌面环境，在这里选择安装 MATE DESKTOP 桌面：
// < '桌面二选一' >
yum groupinstall Xfce -y
yum groupinstall "MATE Desktop" -y
  1. 安装 XRDP
yum -y install xrdp
  1. 安装完成之后，设置开机默认启动 XRDP
systemctl start xrdp 
systemctl enable xrdp

// 验证端口
netstat -nltp | grep 3389

image.png

  1. 创建 ~/.Xclients，设置默认启动 xfce4 桌面
// xfce Desktop
echo "xfce4-session" > ~/.Xclients
chmod +x .Xclients

// mate Desktop
echo "mate-session" > ~/.Xclients
chmod +x .Xclients
  1. 在 Windows 客户端远程连接

image.png

输入 **Linux 系统 **的账户认证

image.png image.png

大功告成~

标签：VNC,GNOME,XRDP,Desktop,CentOS7,etc,yum,远程桌面,安装
From： https://blog.51cto.com/blogking/8724487

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