首页 > 系统相关 >linux服务器常用监控指标

linux服务器常用监控指标

时间:2023-10-24 14:49:03浏览次数:41  
标签:node 2m labels alert instance prometheus 监控 linux 服务器

1、环境准备

1.1、安装docker和docker-compose环境

https://www.cnblogs.com/hg-super-man/p/10908220.html

2、安装node_exporter

https://prometheus.io/download/

2.1 二进制安装node_exporter

# 下载node_exporter二进制压缩包
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 解压
tar -zxvf node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz

# 移动到/opt
mv node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus/node_exporter

# 更改prometheus用户的文件夹权限
chown -R prometheus:prometheus /opt/prometheus/node_exporter

# 创建systemd 服务
cat > /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << "EOF"
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/node_exporter/node_exporter

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

# 启动grafana
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter

# 检查
systemctl status node_exporter

# 加入到开机自启动
systemctl enable node_exporter

2.1.1、 访问地址

http://ip:9100/metrics

2.1.2、修改prometheus配置

在scrape_config这行下面添加如下配置
vi /opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml

  # node_exporter配置
  - job_name: "node_exporter"
    scrape_interval: 15s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ["localhost:9100"]
      labels:
        instance: Prometheus服务器

2.1.3、重载prometheus

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

2.2 docker安装node_exporter

mkdir ~/docker/prometheus/docker-compose.yml
vi ~/docker/prometheus/docker-compose.yml

version: '3.3'
services:
  node_exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:v1.6.1
    container_name: node_exporter
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
      - /proc:/host/proc:ro
      - /sys:/host/sys:ro
    command:
      - '--path.procfs=/host/proc'
      - '--path.sysfs=/host/sys'
      - '--collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points=^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc|rootfs/var/lib/docker)($$|/)'
    ports:
      - '9100:9100'

2.2.1、 检查

cat ~/docker/prometheus/docker-compose.yml

2.2.2 启动

cd ~/docker/prometheus
docker-compose up -d

2.2.3、 访问地址

http://ip:9100/metrics

2.2.4、修改prometheus配置

在scrape_config这行下面添加如下配置
vi /opt/prometheus/prometheus/prometheus.yml

  # node_exporter配置
  - job_name: "node_exporter"
    scrape_interval: 15s
    static_configs:
    - targets: ["localhost:9100"]
      labels:
        instance: Prometheus服务器
    - targets: ["ip:9100"]
      labels:
        instance: test服务器

2.2.5、重载prometheus

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

3、常用监控指标

cpu
内存
磁盘
文件系统
网络

4、触发器设置

4.1、配置

cat >> prometheus/alert.yml <<"EOF"
- name: node-exporter
  rules:
  - alert: HostOutOfMemory
    expr: node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MeTotal_bytest * 100 < 10
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "主机内存不足,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "内存可用率<10%,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostMemoryUnderMemoryPressure
    expr: rate(node_vmstat_pgmajfault[1m]) > 1000
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "内存压力不足,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "节点内存压力大。重大页面错误率高,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostUnusualNetworkThroughputIn
    expr: sum by (instance) (rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 100
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常流入网络吞吐量,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "网络流入流量 > 100 MB/s,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostUnusualNetworkThroughputOut
    expr: sum by (instance) (rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 100
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常流出网络吞吐量,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "网络流出流量 > 100 MB/s,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostUnusualDiskReadRate
    expr: sum by (instance) (rate(node_disk_read_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 50
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常磁盘读取,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "磁盘读取 > 50 MB/s,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostUnusualDiskWriteRate
    expr: sum by (instance) (rate(node_disk_written_bytes_total[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 50
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常磁盘写入,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "磁盘写入 > 50 MB/s,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostOutOfDiskSpace
    expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes * 100) / node_filesystem_size_bytes < 10 and  ON (instance, device, mountpoint) node_filesystem_readonly == 0
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "磁盘空间不足告警,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "剩余磁盘空间 < 10%,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostDiskWillFillIn24Hours
    expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes * 100) / node_filesystem_size_bytes < 10 and  ON (instance, device, mountpoint) predict_linear(node_filesystem_avail_bytes{fstype!~"tmpfs"}[1h], 24 * 3600) < 0 and ON (instance, device, mountpoint) node_filesystem_readonly == 0
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "磁盘空间将在24小时内耗尽,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "以当前写入速率预计磁盘空间在 24 小时内耗尽,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostOutOfInodes
    expr: node_filesystem_files_free{mountpoint = "/"} / node_filesystem_files{mountpoint = "/"} * 100 < 10 and ON (instance, device, mountpoint) node_filesystem_readonly{mountpoint = "/"} == 0
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "磁盘Inodes不足,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "剩余磁盘 inodes < 10%,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostUnusualDiskReadLatency
    expr: rate(node_disk_read_time_seconds_total[1m]) / rate(node_disk_reads_completed_total[1m]) > 0.1 and rate(node_disk_reads_completed_total[1m]) > 0
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常磁盘读取延迟,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "磁盘读取延迟 > 100ms,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostUnusualDiskWriteLatency
    expr: rate(node_disk_write_time_seconds_total[1m]) / rate(node_disk_writes_completed_total[1m]) > 0.1 and rate(node_disk_writes_completed_total[1m]) > 0
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常磁盘写入延迟,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "磁盘写入延迟 > 100ms,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: high_load
    expr: node_load1 > 4
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: page
    annotations:
      summary: "CPU1分钟负载过高,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "CPU1分钟负载>4,已经持续2分钟,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostCpuIsUnderUtilized
    expr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode= "idle"}[2m])) * 100) > 80
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "CPU负载过高,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "CPU负载 > 80%,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostCpuStealNoisyNeighbor
    expr: avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="steal"}[5m])) * 100 > 10
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "CPU窃取率异常,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "CPU窃取率 > 10%,嘈杂的邻居正在扼杀 VM 性能,或者Spot实例可能失去信用,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostSwapIsFillIngUp
    expr: (1 - (node_memory_SwapFree_bytes / node_memory_SwapTotal_bytes)) * 100 > 80
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "磁盘swap空间使用率异常,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "磁盘swap空间使用率 > 80%,当前值:{{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostNetworkReceiveErrors
    expr: rate(node_network_receive_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_receive_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常网络接收错误,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "网卡 {{ $labels.device }} 在过去2分钟接收 {{ $value }} 个错误"

  - alert: HostNetworkTransmitErrors
    expr: rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_transmit_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常网络传输错误,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "网卡 {{ $labels.device }} 在过去2分钟传输 {{ $value }} 个错误"

  - alert: HostNetworkTransmitErrors
    expr: rate(node_network_transmit_errs_total[2m]) / rate(node_network_transmit_packets_total[2m]) > 0.01
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常网络传输错误,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "网卡 {{ $labels.device }} 在过去2分钟传输 {{ $value }} 个错误"

  - alert: HostNetworkInterfaceSaturated
    expr: (rate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~"^tap.*"}[1m]) + rate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~"^tap.*"}[1m])) / node_network_speed_bytes{device!~"^tap.*"} > 0.8 < 10000
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常网络接口饱和,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "网卡 {{ $labels.device }} 正在超载,当前值 {{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostConntrackLimit
    expr: node_nf_conntrack_entries / node_nf_conntrack_entries_limit > 0.8
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常连接数,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "连接数过大,当前值 {{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostClockSkew
    expr: (node_timex_offset_seconds > 0.05 and deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds[5m]) >=0 ) or (node_timex_offset_seconds < -0.05 and deriv(node_timex_offset_seconds[5m]) <=0)
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "异常时钟偏差,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "检测到时钟偏差,时钟不同步,当前值 {{ $value }}"

  - alert: HostClockNotSynchronising
    expr: min_over_time(node_timex_sync_status[1m]) == 0 and node_timex_maxerror_seconds >= 16
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "时钟不同步,实例:{{ $labels.instance }}"
      description: "时钟不同步"

4.2、检查

cat prometheus/alert.yml

4.3、检查配置

docker exec -it prometheus promtool check config /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

4.4、 重写加载配置

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

5、grafana展示node_exporter的数据

因为我们在安装prometheus是,已经在grafana上添加了prometheus的数据源,并导过来id为1860的模板,所以就不需要导入了,直接查看
image

标签:node,2m,labels,alert,instance,prometheus,监控,linux,服务器
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/hg-super-man/p/17784123.html

相关文章

  • 将Ubuntu(Linux)安装在U盘上
    前言为了出门方便,我萌生出将Ubuntu放在U盘中的想法。我们都在硬盘上安装Linux,我个人觉得在U盘上安装和在硬盘上安装步骤一致,因为U盘也可以分区使用。我的安装方法为使用Ubuntu官方镜像中的grub.efi作为引导,然后正常安装,只是在安装过程中的硬盘分区选择U盘即可。准备工作安装引......
  • 华为云耀云服务器L实例 - bookstore项目(1)
     要在华为云耀云服务器L实例上运行我们项目,首先需要打包我们的本地项目然后上传到华为云耀云服务器L实例上要打包Spring项目,可以使用工具如Maven或Gradle。以下是使用Maven进行Spring项目打包的步骤:1. 确保您的项目目录中包含一个有效的pom.xml文件,该文件描述了项目的依赖......
  • 华为云耀云服务器L实例 - bookstore项目(3)
     要使用Navicat连接华为云耀云服务器L实例数据库并创建新的数据库,可以按照以下步骤进行操作:1. 确保远程数据库服务器设置允许远程连接:在数据库服务器上,确保远程访问的权限已正确配置。通常,这涉及启用远程访问并确保防火墙或网络安全组允许数据库服务器的入站连接。2. 安......
  • 华为云耀云服务器L实例 - bookstore项目(2)
     要在华为云耀云服务器L实例安装Tomcat(Apache Tomcat),可以按照以下步骤进行操作:使用Apache Tomcat的二进制发行版安装1. 下载Tomcat:首先,您需要从Tomcat官方网站下载Tomcat的二进制发行版。访问 Tomcat下载页面 并选择最新版本的二进制发行版。通常,您会选择一个tar.gz(Un......
  • 华为云耀云服务器L实例 - 部署TeamSpeak 3
     要在华为云耀云服务器L实例服务器上部署TeamSpeak 3服务器,我们可以按照以下步骤进行操作:1. 下载TeamSpeak 3服务器文件:前往TeamSpeak官方网站(https://www.teamspeak.com/en/downloads/)下载适用于您服务器操作系统的TeamSpeak 3服务器文件。确保下载最新版本的文件。2.......
  • 华为云耀云服务器L实例 - bookstore项目(4)
     要将WAR包部署在华为云耀云服务器L实例服务器中,您可以按照以下步骤进行操作:1. 检查Tomcat服务器的安装和配置:确保已经正确地安装和配置了Tomcat服务器。您可以通过在浏览器中访问http://localhost:8080来验证Tomcat服务器是否正常运行。2. 关闭Tomcat服务器:如果Tomcat......
  • 一步一图带你深入理解 Linux 物理内存管理
    https://mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/appmsgalbum?__biz=Mzg2MzU3Mjc3Ng==&action=getalbum&album_id=2559805446807928833&scene=173&from_msgid=2247486879&from_itemidx=1&count=3&nolastread=1#wechat_redirect......
  • Linux配置java和maven环境变量
    修改/etc/profile文件,新增如下代码exportJAVA_HOME=/usr/local/btjdk/jdk8exportCLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarexportPATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/binexportM2_HOME=/usr/local/maven/apache-maven-3.9.4exportPATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin刷新/etc/prof......
  • Linux防火墙相关操作
    小工具:在线检测域名或者ip的端口是否开放端口扫描  http://coolaf.com/tool/portLinux防火墙相关操作1、安装firewalld在CentOS7中默认是安装的。CentOS7还支持以图形界面的方式配置防火墙,即firewall-config工具,默认也是安装的。安装firewalld和firewall-config工具[root@local......
  • 精雕细刻:通过监控易提升IT运维的用户体验
    一、用户体验在IT运维中的核心地位  在当前的数字化时代,用户体验已不仅仅局限于产品或服务的使用感受,它深入到每一个业务运营和技术运维的细节之中。尤其在IT运维领域,优秀的用户体验是保障业务连续性、减少运维风险、提升团队工作效率的关键。在这里,我们不仅要关注最终用户的体......