Linux配置IP地址

• 修改配置文件
• 重启网络服务
• 相关命令
  • 查看路由状态 route -n
  • 查看IP地址 ip a
  • 查看网卡参数 ethtool ens33
  • 查看DNS解析 nslookup

修改配置文件

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

配置解释

TYPE=Ethernet   #网卡类型是以太网
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none  #dhcp:动态获取ip, none:手动设置固定ip地址, static:静态IP,手动设置
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33  #网卡连接名
UUID=f97726ef-3a61-419a-b68d-eb5ada74ff04   #网卡的系统设备ID号, 系统中唯一
DEVICE=ens33    #设备
ONBOOT=yes  #开机自启,yes:是,no:否
IPADDR=192.168.153.10   #IPv4地址
PREFIX=24   #子网掩码   <=>    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.153.1   #网关
DNS1=8.8.8.8    #DNS地址, 一个网卡可以绑定多个DNS
DNS2=114.114.114.114

重启网络服务

systemctl restart network 

相关命令

查看路由状态 route -n

[root@localhost ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         192.168.153.1   0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33
192.168.153.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33

查看IP地址 ip a

ip address 的简写

[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:2f:a3:b0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.153.10/24 brd 192.168.153.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::2681:7978:b02b:fc20/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:bc:3b:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:bc:3b:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

上面内容中的 state UP 表示网络接口已启用

查看网卡参数 ethtool ens33

[root@localhost ~]# ethtool ens33
Settings for ens33:
	Supported ports: [ TP ]
	Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
	                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
	                        1000baseT/Full 
	Supported pause frame use: No
	Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
	Supported FEC modes: Not reported
	Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 
	                        100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 
	                        1000baseT/Full 
	Advertised pause frame use: No
	Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
	Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
	Speed: 1000Mb/s
	Duplex: Full
	Port: Twisted Pair
	PHYAD: 0
	Transceiver: internal
	Auto-negotiation: on
	MDI-X: off (auto)
	Supports Wake-on: d
	Wake-on: d
	Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
			       drv probe link
	Link detected: yes

查看DNS解析 nslookup

[root@localhost ~]# nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:		8.8.8.8
Address:	8.8.8.8#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com	canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.7
Name:	www.a.shifen.com
Address: 182.61.200.6