1.虚拟文件系统(VFS)
1.1 VFS的情景
虚拟文件系统主要是对文件进行抽象的模型，可以把文件模型当面向对象的方式区看待
通用的文件模型对象组成
- 超级块(superblock)
- 索引节点(inode)
- 目录项(dentry)
- 文件(file)
超级块：主要是用来描述文件系统信息，一般一个次哦按都会分成很多个块，可以理解成一个磁盘上是很多superblock组成.
索引节点inode：描述文件的相关信息，每一个文件都会对应一个唯一的inode
目录项：每个文件除了有一个inode外，还有对应的一个目录项，目录项和索引节点的区别在于，索引节点是代表真实的物理意义上的文件，记录的是物理上相关属性，而目录项dentry描述的是文件逻辑上的属性，稍后指出在内核文件系统的相关定义可能就会比较清楚
文件：file是内核文件内部的一个定义，主要是和文件相关的操作属性有关系(例如：open/read/write等操作)
superblock在内核的相关属性结构
struct super_block {
struct list_head s_list; /* Keep this first */
kdev_t s_dev;
unsigned long s_blocksize;
unsigned char s_blocksize_bits;
unsigned char s_lock;
unsigned char s_dirt;
struct file_system_type *s_type;
struct super_operations *s_op;
struct dquot_operations *dq_op;
unsigned long s_flags;
unsigned long s_magic;
struct dentry *s_root;
wait_queue_head_t s_wait;
struct list_head s_dirty; /* dirty inodes */
struct list_head s_files;
struct block_device *s_bdev;
struct list_head s_mounts; /* vfsmount(s) of this one */
struct quota_mount_options s_dquot; /* Diskquota specific options */
union {
struct minix_sb_info minix_sb;
struct ext2_sb_info ext2_sb;
struct hpfs_sb_info hpfs_sb;
struct ntfs_sb_info ntfs_sb;
struct msdos_sb_info msdos_sb;
struct isofs_sb_info isofs_sb;
struct nfs_sb_info nfs_sb;
struct sysv_sb_info sysv_sb;
struct affs_sb_info affs_sb;
struct ufs_sb_info ufs_sb;
struct efs_sb_info efs_sb;
struct shmem_sb_info shmem_sb;
struct romfs_sb_info romfs_sb;
struct smb_sb_info smbfs_sb;
struct hfs_sb_info hfs_sb;
struct adfs_sb_info adfs_sb;
struct qnx4_sb_info qnx4_sb;
struct bfs_sb_info bfs_sb;
struct udf_sb_info udf_sb;
struct ncp_sb_info ncpfs_sb;
struct usbdev_sb_info usbdevfs_sb;
void *generic_sbp;
} u;
/*
* The next field is for VFS *only*. No filesystems have any business
* even looking at it. You had been warned.
*/
struct semaphore s_vfs_rename_sem; /* Kludge */
/* The next field is used by knfsd when converting a (inode number based)
* file handle into a dentry. As it builds a path in the dcache tree from
* the bottom up, there may for a time be a subpath of dentrys which is not
* connected to the main tree. This semaphore ensure that there is only ever
* one such free path per filesystem. Note that unconnected files (or other
* non-directories) are allowed, but not unconnected diretories.
*/
struct semaphore s_nfsd_free_path_sem;
};
inode结构属性定义,会发现每一个inode会保护一个super_block结构，所以每次对inode的操作就可以对磁盘上的向文件进行操作，里面包含一个比较重要的结构就是file_operation结构
struct inode {
struct list_head i_hash;
struct list_head i_list;
struct list_head i_dentry;
struct list_head i_dirty_buffers;
unsigned long i_ino;
atomic_t i_count;
kdev_t i_dev;
umode_t i_mode;
nlink_t i_nlink;
uid_t i_uid;
gid_t i_gid;
kdev_t i_rdev;
loff_t i_size;
time_t i_atime;
time_t i_mtime;
time_t i_ctime;
unsigned long i_blksize;
unsigned long i_blocks;
unsigned long i_version;
struct semaphore i_sem;
struct semaphore i_zombie;
struct inode_operations *i_op;
struct file_operations *i_fop; /* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */
struct super_block *i_sb;
wait_queue_head_t i_wait;
struct file_lock *i_flock;
struct address_space *i_mapping;
struct address_space i_data;
struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
struct pipe_inode_info *i_pipe;
struct block_device *i_bdev;
unsigned long i_dnotify_mask; /* Directory notify events */
struct dnotify_struct *i_dnotify; /* for directory notifications */
unsigned long i_state;
unsigned int i_flags;
unsigned char i_sock;
atomic_t i_writecount;
unsigned int i_attr_flags;
__u32 i_generation;
union {
struct minix_inode_info minix_i;
struct ext2_inode_info ext2_i;
struct hpfs_inode_info hpfs_i;
struct ntfs_inode_info ntfs_i;
struct msdos_inode_info msdos_i;
struct umsdos_inode_info umsdos_i;
struct iso_inode_info isofs_i;
struct nfs_inode_info nfs_i;
struct sysv_inode_info sysv_i;
struct affs_inode_info affs_i;
struct ufs_inode_info ufs_i;
struct efs_inode_info efs_i;
struct romfs_inode_info romfs_i;
struct shmem_inode_info shmem_i;
struct coda_inode_info coda_i;
struct smb_inode_info smbfs_i;
struct hfs_inode_info hfs_i;
struct adfs_inode_info adfs_i;
struct qnx4_inode_info qnx4_i;
struct bfs_inode_info bfs_i;
struct udf_inode_info udf_i;
struct ncp_inode_info ncpfs_i;
struct proc_inode_info proc_i;
struct socket socket_i;
struct usbdev_inode_info usbdev_i;
void *generic_ip;
} u;
};
目录项dentry结构
truct dentry {
atomic_t d_count;
unsigned int d_flags;
struct inode * d_inode; /* Where the name belongs to - NULL is negative */
struct dentry * d_parent; /* parent directory */
struct list_head d_vfsmnt;
struct list_head d_hash; /* lookup hash list */
struct list_head d_lru; /* d_count = 0 LRU list */
struct list_head d_child; /* child of parent list */
struct list_head d_subdirs; /* our children */
struct list_head d_alias; /* inode alias list */
struct qstr d_name;
unsigned long d_time; /* used by d_revalidate */
struct dentry_operations *d_op;
struct super_block * d_sb; /* The root of the dentry tree */
unsigned long d_reftime; /* last time referenced */
void * d_fsdata; /* fs-specific data */
unsigned char d_iname[DNAME_INLINE_LEN]; /* small names */
};
file结构，比较重要结构，涉及到相关文件的操作file_operations
struct file {
struct list_head f_list;
struct dentry *f_dentry;
struct vfsmount *f_vfsmnt;
struct file_operations *f_op;
atomic_t f_count;
unsigned int f_flags;
mode_t f_mode;
loff_t f_pos;
unsigned long f_reada, f_ramax, f_raend, f_ralen, f_rawin;
struct fown_struct f_owner;
unsigned int f_uid, f_gid;
int f_error;
unsigned long f_version;
/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
void *private_data;
};
1.2 内核文件相关函数
应用程序打开文件相关函数
int open(const char *pathname, int flags, mode_t mode);
asmlinkage long sys_open(const char * filename, int flags, int mode)
{
char * tmp;
int fd, error;
#if BITS_PER_LONG != 32
flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
#endif
tmp = getname(filename);
fd = PTR_ERR(tmp);
if (!IS_ERR(tmp)) {
// 获取分配文件fd
fd = get_unused_fd();
if (fd >= 0) {
// 调用内核filp_open代开文件,返回一个file结构
struct file *f = filp_open(tmp, flags, mode);
error = PTR_ERR(f);
if (IS_ERR(f))
goto out_error;
fd_install(fd, f);
}
out:
putname(tmp);
}
return fd;
out_error:
put_unused_fd(fd);
fd = error;
goto out;
}
struct file *filp_open(const char * filename, int flags, int mode)
{
int namei_flags, error;
struct nameidata nd;
namei_flags = flags;
if ((namei_flags+1) & O_ACCMODE)
namei_flags++;
if (namei_flags & O_TRUNC)
namei_flags |= 2;
// 内部主要是对路径及文件inode等进行设置
error = open_namei(filename, namei_flags, mode, &nd);
if (!error)
// 内部主要进行dentry相关结构属性的设置
return dentry_open(nd.dentry, nd.mnt, flags);
return ERR_PTR(error);
}
struct file *dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
文件系统内容还是比较多，列出了一部分，但是其他也是类似的流程，可能内部还涉及到很多细节，后续再搞吧
- 应用都会通过sys_call进入内核，操作文件系统的相关属性
- 对文件的操作基本上就是对inode,dentry,file等结构操作