标签：Python local Ubuntu22.04 x64 dev python usr root

OS-Linux-Ubuntu22.04x64-Python-C++调用Python缺少Python.h

参考

在环境中缺少Python.h文件

python python2 python3 查看python是否安装以及安装版本
whereis python 查找python的安装位置
locate Python.h 查找Python.h文件位置

python-dev

安装python-dev。
python-dev包含构建Python扩展所需的头文件。（在Linux上，通常，python等包的二进制库和头文件是分开的。因此，可以安装Python并且一切正常，但是构建扩展时，需要安装相应的开发包。）

Python-dev 2.0.0.dev0 上次发布日期: 2023-04-08 14:11:02
pip install Python-dev：https://www.cnpython.com/pypi/python-dev

1.sudo apt-get install python-dev
结果为：

正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成                 
注意，选中 'python-dev-is-python2' 而非 'python-dev'
将会同时安装下列软件：
  libexpat1-dev libpython2-dev libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev
  libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib python-is-python2 python2
  python2-dev python2-minimal python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal
建议安装：
  python2-doc python-tk python2.7-doc binfmt-support
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  libexpat1-dev libpython2-dev libpython2-stdlib libpython2.7 libpython2.7-dev
  libpython2.7-minimal libpython2.7-stdlib python-dev-is-python2
  python-is-python2 python2 python2-dev python2-minimal python2.7
  python2.7-dev python2.7-minimal
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 15 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 4 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 8,126 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 33.7 MB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] n

2.sudo apt-get install python3-dev
结果为：

正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树... 完成
正在读取状态信息... 完成                 
将会同时安装下列软件：
  javascript-common libexpat1-dev libjs-jquery libjs-sphinxdoc
  libjs-underscore libpython3-dev libpython3.10-dev python3-distutils
  python3.10-dev zlib1g-dev
建议安装：
  apache2 | lighttpd | httpd
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  javascript-common libexpat1-dev libjs-jquery libjs-sphinxdoc
  libjs-underscore libpython3-dev libpython3.10-dev python3-dev
  python3-distutils python3.10-dev zlib1g-dev
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 11 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 4 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 6,329 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 25.2 MB 的额外空间。
您希望继续执行吗？ [Y/n] Y


python3-dev 已经是最新版 (3.10.6-1~22.04)

3.pip install Python-dev

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement Python-dev (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for Python-dev

4.Python.h 所在位置
locate Python.h时因为未updatedb,所以显示没找到文件，这导致我不确定是此时就已经存在Python.h还是再步骤5、步骤6之后才存在的。
ps：关于locate的问题，在后面章节中python 3.11.3-->Build Instructions中又出现过一次，才了解到需要使用更新命令sudo updatedb。（所以修改此处描述）

yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:~$ locate Python.h
/usr/include/python3.10/Python.h
/usr/local/include/python3.11/Python.h

c_cpp_properties.json 
"/usr/local/include/python3.11/**"

tasks.json
"-I/usr/local/include/python3.11",
"-L/usr/local/lib/python3.11",
"-lpython3.11",

5.install python
Python-3.11.3.tar.xz from https://www.python.org/downloads/

6.pip install python-dev-tools

python 3.11.3

安装完整python。
Python-3.11.3.tar.xz
https://www.python.org/downloads/

General Information

Website: https://www.python.org
Source code: https://github.com/python/cpython
Issue tracker: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
Documentation: https://docs.python.org
Developer's Guide: https://devguide.python.org/

Build Instructions

On Unix, Linux, BSD, macOS, and Cygwin::

    ./configure  --enable-optimizations  
	//--prefix=/usr/local
    make
    //make test
    sudo make install

This will install Python as python3.
To get an optimized build of Python, configure --enable-optimizations before you run make. This sets the default make targets up to enable Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) and may be used to auto-enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) on some platforms.

如果在linux下遇到“undefined reference”错误可能是编译的时候没有生成libpython3.11.so

./configure --enable-shared
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

后来发现在/usr/local/lib中有libpython3.11.so，但是locate找不到~然而原有的libpython3.10.so却可以locate出来

yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib$ ll
总计 70372
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root     4096  4月  9 01:23 ./
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root     4096  2月 23 11:57 ../
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 48708890  4月  8 22:10 libpython3.11.a*
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       20  4月  9 01:23 libpython3.11.so -> libpython3.11.so.1.0*
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 23313416  4月  9 01:23 libpython3.11.so.1.0*
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root    15120  4月  9 01:23 libpython3.so*
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096  4月  9 01:25 pkgconfig/
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root     4096  2月 23 11:57 python3.10/
drwxr-xr-x 39 root root     4096  4月  9 01:23 python3.11/
yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib$ locate libpython3.so
yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib$ locate libpython3.11.so
yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib$

yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib$ locate libpython3.10.so
/usr/lib/python3.10/config-3.10-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.10.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.10.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.10.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.10.so.1.0
yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib$

原因：

locate不是从磁盘中实时查找文件，而是到由updatedb命令产生的信息库中查找相应的文件和目录。
好处是定位速度快，缺点就是有时候找不到文件。
若找不到文件，终端执行：updatedb，重新建立整个系统所有文件和目录的资料库，方便以后再查找文件。

find命令进行文件查找执行速度要比locate慢的多，find是使用时再从硬盘查找，比较耗磁盘空间，所以一般优先使用locate查找。

locate file_name
find -name file_name

remove python

卸载python。
[执行之后，我的虚拟机崩了，重启之后默认进入命令行模式，不再直接进入用户图形界面，使用startx进入之后感觉系统运行很慢，放弃挣扎，重新建虚拟机了(ps:虚拟机创建之后，忘记快照了，泪目~~)]

卸载python3.10
sudo apt-get remove python3.10
卸载python3.10及其依赖
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove python3.10
清除python3.10
sudo apt-get purge python3.10
or
sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove python3.10

undefined reference to `Py_Initialize'

在Python.h能够找到后，还出现undefined reference to Py_Initialize错误，在百度之后，把-I -L -l放到编译参数最后，通过编译。
ld寻找函数的顺序是从左往右，所以要放在${file}后面。
tasks.json中args值如下：

"args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
                "-I/usr/local/include/python3.11",
                "-L/usr/local/lib/python3.11",
                "-lpython3.11"
            ]

"args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${file}",
                "-o",
                "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
                "-I/usr/local/include/python3.11",
                "-L/usr/local/lib/python3.11",
                "-lpython3.11"
            ]

loading shared libraries: libpython3.11.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

因为动态链接库找不到，所以要在你的配置文件里加入库的路径。
解决方法是在·etc/ld.so.conf.d中添加python3.conf文件，并添加lib路径，最后ldconfig。

cd  /etc/ld.so.conf.d
sudo gedit python3.conf
/usr/local/lib
/usr/local/lib/python3.11

sudo ldconfig

在添加库的路径前，我用`nm`看过`libpython3.11.so.1.0`

nm -D libpython3.11.so.1.0 | grep Py_Initialize

yongchao@yongchao-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib$ nm -D libpython3.11.so.1.0  | grep Py_Initialize
00000000002a0df0 T Py_Initialize
00000000002a0d40 T Py_InitializeEx
000000000029fda0 T Py_InitializeFromConfig
000000000029ffd0 T _Py_InitializeMain

标签：Python,local,Ubuntu22.04,x64,dev,python,usr,root
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/yongchao/p/17299892.html

OS-Linux-Ubuntu22.04x64-Python-C++调用Python缺少Python.h

OS-Linux-Ubuntu22.04x64-Python-C++调用Python缺少Python.h

python-dev

python 3.11.3

General Information

Build Instructions

remove python

undefined reference to `Py_Initialize'

loading shared libraries: libpython3.11.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

在添加库的路径前，我用`nm`看过`libpython3.11.so.1.0`

相关文章

赞助商

阅读排行

OS-Linux-Ubuntu22.04x64-Python-C++调用Python缺少Python.h

OS-Linux-Ubuntu22.04x64-Python-C++调用Python缺少Python.h

python-dev

python 3.11.3

General Information

Build Instructions

remove python

undefined reference to `Py_Initialize'

loading shared libraries: libpython3.11.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

在添加库的路径前，我用nm看过libpython3.11.so.1.0

相关文章

赞助商

阅读排行

在添加库的路径前，我用`nm`看过`libpython3.11.so.1.0`