Nginx基础 - 12性能优化

一、性能优化概述

• 系统结构瓶颈： 观察指标、压力测试
• 了解业务模式： 接口业务类型、 系统层次化结构
• 性能与安全：   性能好安全弱、安全好性能低

二、压力测试工具

[root@my-node51 ~]#  ab
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
    -n requests     Number of requests to perform
    -c concurrency  Number of multiple requests to make at a time
    -t timelimit    Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking, This implies -n 50000
    -s timeout      Seconds to max. wait for each response, Default is 30 seconds
    -b windowsize   Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
    -B address      Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
    -p postfile     File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
    -u putfile      File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
    -T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg. 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', Default is 'text/plain'
    -v verbosity    How much troubleshooting info to print
    -w              Print out results in HTML tables
    -i              Use HEAD instead of GET
    -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
    -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
    -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
    -C attribute    Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
    -H attribute    Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip', Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
    -A attribute    Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes are a colon separated username and password.
    -P attribute    Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes are a colon separated username and password.
    -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
    -V              Print version number and exit
    -k              Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
    -d              Do not show percentiles served table.
    -S              Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
    -q              Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
    -l              Accept variable document length (use this for dynamic pages)
    -g filename     Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
    -e filename     Output CSV file with percentages served
    -r              Don't exit on socket receive errors.
    -m method       Method name
    -h              Display usage information (this message)
    -I              Disable TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) extension
    -Z ciphersuite  Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
    -f protocol     Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
    -E certfile     Specify optional client certificate chain and private key

[root@my-node51 ~]# ab -n 50 -c 20 http://www.myshop.com/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking www.myshop.com (be patient).....done

Server Software:        nginx/1.22.1
Server Hostname:        www.myshop.com
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.html
Document Length:        153 bytes

Concurrency Level:      20
Time taken for tests:   0.006 seconds
Complete requests:      50
Failed requests:        0
Non-2xx responses:      50
Total transferred:      15150 bytes
HTML transferred:       7650 bytes
Requests per second:    8368.20 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       2.390 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       0.120 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          2476.14 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   0.1      0       1
Processing:     0    1   0.7      1       4
Waiting:        0    1   0.7      1       4
Total:          1    2   0.6      1       4
WARNING: The median and mean for the total time are not within a normal deviation
        These results are probably not that reliable.

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%      1
  66%      2
  75%      2
  80%      2
  90%      2
  95%      2
  98%      4
  99%      4
 100%      4 (longest request)

三、 影响性能指标 

• 网络： 网络流量；网络是否丢包； 这些会影响http的请求与调用
• 系统： 硬件有没有磁盘损坏、磁盘速率； 系统负载、内存、系统稳定性
• 服务： 连接优化、请求优化； 根据业务形态做对应的服务设置
• 程序： 接口性能； 处理速度； 程序执行效率
• 数据库： 

四、 系统性能优化

文件句柄

[root@my-node51 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
root             soft    nofile          65535
root             hard    nofile          65535
*                soft    nofile          25535
*                hard    nofile          25535

[root@my-node51 ~]# vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_rlimit_nofile 45535;

[root@my-node51 ~]# cat /proc/1632/limits
Limit                     Soft Limit           Hard Limit           Units
Max processes             7068                 7068                 processes
Max open files            65535                65535                files

五、Nginx性能优化

• worker_processes auto;
• worker_cpu_affinity auto;    # CPU亲和性， 减少进程之间不断频繁迁移，减少性能损耗
• worker_rlimit_nofile 45535;  # 文件描述符
• worker_connections 10240;    # 限制每个进程能处理多少个连接请求
• charset utf-8;               # 字符集统一为utf-8
• sendfile on;
• tcp_nopush  on;              # 静态资源服务器，建议打开
• tcp_nodelay on;              # 动态资源服务器，建议打开，需要打开 keepalive
• keepalive_timeout  65;
• gzip on;