双机主备
HA其实就是高可用, 现在部署的其实就是一台Nginx, 但凡是单节点, 都会存在宕机的可能性, 所以我们需要一个备用机, 来完成高可用, 解决单点故障问题
Keepalived概念
- 解决单点故障
- 组件免费
- 可以实现高可用HA机制
- 基于VRRP协议
虚拟理由冗余协议(VRRP)
- Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
- 解决内网单机故障的路由协议
- 构建多个路由器 MASTER BACKUP
- 虚拟IP - VIP (Virtual IP Address)
Keepalived双机主备原理
会在主节点和备节点的上方虚拟出一个虚IP, 提供用户访问, 当然, 用户访问的还是域名
安装 Keepalived
我使用的是
主: 192.168.247.136
备: 192.168.247.137
虚拟IP: 192.168.247.140
官网地址
https://www.keepalived.org/
下载
为了防止出错和老师下载一样的版本2.0.18
安装
上传到Linux
解压
tar -zxvf keepalived-2.0.18.tar.gz
进入keepalived文件夹
cd keepalived-2.0.18/
执行配置
./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived \ --sysconf=/etc
编译并安装
make && make install
查找安装位置
[root@localhost keepalived-2.0.18]# whereis keepalived keepalived: /etc/keepalived /usr/local/keepalived
配置Keepalived
进入文件夹
cd /etc/keepalived/ vi keepalived.conf
修改配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
# 主节点宕机后通知的邮箱
# notification_email {
# [email protected]
# [email protected]
# [email protected]
# }
# notification_email_from [email protected]
# smtp_server 192.168.200.1
# smtp_connect_timeout 30
# 路由ID, 当前安装Keepalived节点主机的标识符, 全局唯一
router_id keep_136
# vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
# vrrp_strict
# vrrp_garp_interval 0
# vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
# 计算机的节点
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
# 节点状态, MASTER代表主节点 BACKUP代表备用节点
state MASTER
# 使用ens33网卡
interface ens33
# 虚拟路由ID, 保持MASTER和BACKUP一致
virtual_router_id 51
# 优先级/权重 100 谁的优先级高, 在MASTER宕机后, 谁就能成为MASTER
priority 100
# 主备之间的心跳周期 1秒
advert_int 1
# 认证授权, 防止非法节点的进入
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虚拟IP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.247.140
# 192.168.200.17
# 192.168.200.18
}
}
启动Keepalived
进入文件夹
cd /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/
启动
./Keepalived
查看ip
访问
虚拟IP已经是可以访问的了
停止Keepalived
ps -ef|grep keepalived # 通过kill结束 kill -9 进程号
将Keepalived注册为系统服务
进入文件夹
cd /home/software/keepalived-2.0.18/keepalived/ cd etc/
复制服务到init.d文件夹
cp init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
复制配置到sysconfig文件夹
cp sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
如果提示是否覆盖直接 y
重新加载系统服务
systemctl daemon-reload
通过系统命令启动和停止
systemctl start keepalived.service systemctl stop keepalived.service
查看服务
ps -ef|grep keepalived
Keepalived实现双机主备高可用
137安装Keepalived
配置的时候提示警告了, 原因是缺少库
*** WARNING - this build will not support IPVS with IPv6. Please install libnl/libnl-3 dev libraries to support IPv6 with IPVS.
安装一下
yum install libnl libnl-devel
安装完成再次执行配置, 成功
修改配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
# 主节点宕机后通知的邮箱
# notification_email {
# [email protected]
# [email protected]
# [email protected]
# }
# notification_email_from [email protected]
# smtp_server 192.168.200.1
# smtp_connect_timeout 30
# 路由ID, 当前安装Keepalived节点主机的标识符, 全局唯一
router_id keep_137
# vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
# vrrp_strict
# vrrp_garp_interval 0
# vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
# 计算机的节点
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
# 节点状态, MASTER代表主节点 BACKUP代表备用节点
state BACKUP
# 使用ens33网卡
interface ens33
# 虚拟路由ID, 保持MASTER和BACKUP一致
virtual_router_id 51
# 优先级/权重 100 谁的优先级高, 在MASTER宕机后, 谁就能成为MASTER
priority 80
# 主备之间的心跳周期 1秒
advert_int 1
# 认证授权, 防止非法节点的进入
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
# 虚拟IP
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.247.140
# 192.168.200.17
# 192.168.200.18
}
}
设置为备用机
启动137的Keepalived
测试136宕机, keepalived挂掉
先访问一下140, MASTER没有问题, 下面停止136
systemctl stop keepalived.service
成功切换到备用机, 成功达成双机主备高可用
此时137已经绑定了140的虚拟IP
这个时候模仿136恢复运转
systemctl start keepalived.service
成功自动切回MASTER, 完成~
标签：22,Keepalived,keepalived,192.168,vrrp,MASTER,机主,节点 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/flower-dance/p/16662955.html