shell脚本参数解析
手动解析
$0 #文件名
$1 #第一个参数
$2 #第二个参数
$* #所有参数的字符串
$@ #所有参数的数组
getopts
getopts不支持长参数(例如: 长: --help; 短:-h)
使用示例
function Usage(){
echo "print help message"
}
#会处理-p -h -d三个参数
#p后面的冒号表示,-p后面是需要带参数的,-h和-d后面不带参数
while getopts "p:hd" arg
do
case $arg in
p)
target_platform=$OPTARG
#数据保存在变量{$OPTARG}中
;;
h)
Usage
exit 1
;;
d)
echo "hello d"
;;
?)
Usage
#不在解析列表中的参数
exit 1
;;
esac
done
getopt
示例
#!/bin/bash
# A small example program for using the new getopt(1) program.
# This program will only work with bash(1)
# An similar program using the tcsh(1) script language can be found
# as parse.tcsh
# Example input and output (from the bash prompt):
# ./parse.bash -a par1 'another arg' --c-long 'wow!*\?' -cmore -b " very long "
# Option a
# Option c, no argument
# Option c, argument `more'
# Option b, argument ` very long '
# Remaining arguments:
# --> `par1'
# --> `another arg'
# --> `wow!*\?'
# Note that we use `"$@"' to let each command-line parameter expand to a
# separate word. The quotes around `$@' are essential!
# We need TEMP as the `eval set --' would nuke the return value of getopt.
#-o表示短选项,--long表示长选项
#一个冒号表示该选项有一个必选参数,空格和紧贴选项都行
#两个冒号表示该选项有一个可选参数,可选参数必须紧贴选项,如下例中-carg 而不能是-c arg
# -n:出错时打印的信息
# -- :举一个例子比较好理解:
#我们要创建一个名字为 "-f"的目录你会怎么办?
# mkdir -f #不成功,因为-f会被mkdir当作选项来解析,这时就可以使用
# mkdir -- -f 这样-f就不会被作为选项。
TEMP=`getopt -o ab:c:: --long a-long,b-long:,c-long:: \
-n 'example.bash' -- "$@"`
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then echo "Terminating..." >&2 ; exit 1 ; fi
# Note the quotes around `$TEMP': they are essential!
#set 会重新排列参数的顺序,也就是改变$1,$2...$n的值,这些值在getopt中重新排列过了
eval set -- "$TEMP"
#经过getopt的处理,下面处理具体选项。
while true ; do
case "$1" in
-a|--a-long) echo "Option a" ; shift ;;
-b|--b-long) echo "Option b, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
-c|--c-long)
# c has an optional argument. As we are in quoted mode,
# an empty parameter will be generated if its optional
# argument is not found.
case "$2" in
"") echo "Option c, no argument"; shift 2 ;;
*) echo "Option c, argument \`$2'" ; shift 2 ;;
esac ;;
--) shift ; break ;;
*) echo "Internal error!" ; exit 1 ;;
esac
done
echo "Remaining arguments:"
for arg do
echo '--> '"\`$arg'" ;
done
标签:脚本,shell,Option,--,argument,long,echo,参数,解析
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/TaXueWuYun/p/17139109.html