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nginx---yum安装与编译安装

时间：2023-01-03 15:33:12浏览次数：43  
标签：00 -- root apps --- nginx 安装 localhost

nginx学习

nginx yum安装
yum源安装地址
http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html#RHEL

yum源配置地址
[root@centos8 ~]# cat >/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

查看nginx版本信息
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# yum info nginx
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:20 ago on Fri 23 Dec 2022 04:10:31 PM CST.
Installed Packages
Name         : nginx
Epoch        : 1
Version      : 1.22.1
Release      : 1.el8.ngx
Architecture : x86_64
Size         : 2.8 M
Source       : nginx-1.22.1-1.el8.ngx.src.rpm
Repository   : @System
From repo    : nginx-stable
Summary      : High performance web server
URL          : https://nginx.org/
License      : 2-clause BSD-like license
Description  : nginx [engine x] is an HTTP and reverse proxy server, as well as
             : a mail proxy server.
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]#

安装nginx
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# yum install nginx -y
nginx stable repo                                                                    42 kB/s |  47 kB     00:01
Dependencies resolved.
====================================================================================================================
 Package               Architecture           Version                            Repository                    Size
====================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                 x86_64                 1:1.22.1-1.el8.ngx                 nginx-stable                 828 k


查看nginx配置文件
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# rpm -qc  nginx
/etc/logrotate.d/nginx
/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/etc/nginx/fastcgi_params
/etc/nginx/mime.types
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/scgi_params
/etc/nginx/uwsgi_params

启动nginx
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable --now nginx
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nginx.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service.
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# ss -ntlp
State  Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port  Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0      32     192.168.122.1:53         0.0.0.0:*    users:(("dnsmasq",pid=1836,fd=6))
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:22         0.0.0.0:*    users:(("sshd",pid=1147,fd=4))
LISTEN 0      5          127.0.0.1:631        0.0.0.0:*    users:(("cupsd",pid=1149,fd=9))
LISTEN 0      128        127.0.0.1:6010       0.0.0.0:*    users:(("sshd",pid=3282,fd=15))
LISTEN 0      128        127.0.0.1:6011       0.0.0.0:*    users:(("sshd",pid=3920,fd=15))
LISTEN 0      5          127.0.0.1:44321      0.0.0.0:*    users:(("pmcd",pid=1720,fd=0))
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:111        0.0.0.0:*    users:(("rpcbind",pid=989,fd=4),("systemd",pid=1,fd=44))
LISTEN 0      128          0.0.0.0:80         0.0.0.0:*    users:(("nginx",pid=45416,fd=9),("nginx",pid=45415,fd=9))
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:22            [::]:*    users:(("sshd",pid=1147,fd=6))
LISTEN 0      5              [::1]:631           [::]:*    users:(("cupsd",pid=1149,fd=8))
LISTEN 0      128            [::1]:6010          [::]:*    users:(("sshd",pid=3282,fd=14))
LISTEN 0      128            [::1]:6011          [::]:*    users:(("sshd",pid=3920,fd=14))
LISTEN 0      5              [::1]:44321         [::]:*    users:(("pmcd",pid=1720,fd=3))
LISTEN 0      128             [::]:111           [::]:*    users:(("rpcbind",pid=989,fd=6),("systemd",pid=1,fd=47))
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-12-23 16:13:14 CST; 23s ago
     Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  Process: 45414 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 45415 (nginx)
    Tasks: 2 (limit: 11074)
   Memory: 2.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─45415 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
           └─45416 nginx: worker process

Dec 23 16:13:14 centos8 systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
Dec 23 16:13:14 centos8 systemd[1]: nginx.service: Can't open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No su>
Dec 23 16:13:14 centos8 systemd[1]:

直接网页访问IP地址，默认端口80

查看nginx版本
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.22.1
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.22.1
......

nginx使用
[root@centos8 yum.repos.d]# nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.22.1
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-p prefix]
             [-e filename] [-c filename] [-g directives]

Options:
  -?,-h         : this help
  -v            : show version and exit
  -V            : show version and configure options then exit   #显示版本和编译参数
  -t            : test configuration and exit                    #测试配置文件是否异
常
  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit           #测试并打印
  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing  #静默模
式
  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload  #发
送信号,reload信号 会生成新的worker,但master不会重新生成(nginx -s stop)
  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /etc/nginx/)   #指定Nginx 目录
  -e filename   : set error log file (default: /var/log/nginx/error.log) 
  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf)  #配置文件路径
  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file   #设置全局指令,注意
和配置文件不要同时配置,否则冲突(nginx -g "user test")

nginx启动文件
[root@centos8 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/sh -c "/bin/kill -s HUP $(/bin/cat /var/run/nginx.pid)"
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c "/bin/kill -s TERM $(/bin/cat /var/run/nginx.pid)"

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
nginx 编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# tar xvf  nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.18.0/
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ls
auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  man  README  src


[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-pcre \
--with-stream \
--with-stream_ssl_module \
--with-stream_realip_module

[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# make -j 2

[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# make install

[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# tree /apps/nginx/
/apps/nginx/
├── conf
│   ├── fastcgi.conf
│   ├── fastcgi.conf.default
│   ├── fastcgi_params
│   ├── fastcgi_params.default
│   ├── koi-utf
│   ├── koi-win
│   ├── mime.types
│   ├── mime.types.default
│   ├── nginx.conf
│   ├── nginx.conf.default
│   ├── scgi_params
│   ├── scgi_params.default
│   ├── uwsgi_params
│   ├── uwsgi_params.default
│   └── win-utf
├── html
│   ├── 50x.html
│   └── index.html
├── logs
└── sbin
    └── nginx

4 directories, 18 files


[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ln -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/


[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0

[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# nginx


[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ll /apps/nginx/
total 4
drwx------. 2 nginx root    6 Dec 23 17:11 client_body_temp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root 4096 Dec 23 17:09 conf
drwx------. 2 nginx root    6 Dec 23 17:11 fastcgi_temp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root   40 Dec 23 17:09 html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root   58 Dec 23 17:11 logs
drwx------. 2 nginx root    6 Dec 23 17:11 proxy_temp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root   19 Dec 23 17:09 sbin
drwx------. 2 nginx root    6 Dec 23 17:11 scgi_temp
drwx------. 2 nginx root    6 Dec 23 17:11 uwsgi_temp
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# chown -R nginx.nginx /apps/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ll /apps/nginx/
total 4
drwx------. 2 nginx nginx    6 Dec 23 17:11 client_body_temp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nginx nginx 4096 Dec 23 17:09 conf
drwx------. 2 nginx nginx    6 Dec 23 17:11 fastcgi_temp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nginx nginx   40 Dec 23 17:09 html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nginx nginx   58 Dec 23 17:11 logs
drwx------. 2 nginx nginx    6 Dec 23 17:11 proxy_temp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 nginx nginx   19 Dec 23 17:09 sbin
drwx------. 2 nginx nginx    6 Dec 23 17:11 scgi_temp
drwx------. 2 nginx nginx    6 Dec 23 17:11 uwsgi_temp

创建nginx启动文件

[root@localhost ~]# find /apps -name nginx.pid
/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
[root@localhost ~]# vim /apps/nginx/
client_body_temp/ fastcgi_temp/     logs/             sbin/             uwsgi_temp/
conf/             html/             proxy_temp/       scgi_temp/

[root@localhost ~]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
pid /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid;

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /apps/nginx/run

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /apps/nginx/run/

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now nginx
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-12-23 17:39:32 CST; 2min 11s ago
nginx平滑升级
1.将旧的nginx文件换成新的nginx文件（注意备份）
2.向master进行发送USR2信息
3.master进程修改PID文件名，加后缀.oldbin
4.master进程用新到nginx文件启动新的master进程，系统中将有新旧两个nginx主进程共同提供web服务
5.向旧的nginx服务进程发送WINCH信号，使旧的nginx worker进程平滑停止，并删除nginx.pid.oldbin文件
6.向旧master进程发送QUIT信息，关闭老master
7.如果发现升级有问题，可以回滚：向老master发送HUP，向新的master发送QUIT


下载新版nginx
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz  -P /usr/local/src
解压
使用原来选项1.18版本进行编译-V 查看
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-17) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.1.1k  FIPS 25 Mar 2021
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/apps/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module
预编译选项
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module
编译（只make不需要make install）
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# make
备份旧版本nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# mv /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx{,.bak}
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ll /apps/nginx/sbin/
total 7416
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 nginx nginx 7591176 Dec 23 17:09 nginx.bak
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]#
拷贝新版本到安装目录
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# cp objs/nginx /apps/nginx/sbin/
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]#
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ll /apps/nginx/sbin/
total 14964
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root  root  7726400 Jan  3 11:11 nginx
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 nginx nginx 7591176 Dec 23 17:09 nginx.bak
检测新版本是否有语法错误
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

新版本生成进程
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ps -aux |grep nginx
root        1393  0.0  0.2  42572  3844 ?        Ss   09:12   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx       8274  0.0  0.2  77304  4908 ?        S    10:58   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx       8275  0.0  0.2  77304  4908 ?        S    10:58   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       11687  0.0  0.0  12112   984 pts/0    S+   11:13   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid
1393
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# kill -USR2 `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid`
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ps -aux |grep nginx
root        1393  0.0  0.2  42572  3844 ?        Ss   09:12   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx       8274  0.0  0.2  77304  4908 ?        S    10:58   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx       8275  0.0  0.2  77304  4908 ?        S    10:58   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       11717  0.0  0.3  42464  5992 ?        S    11:14   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx      11718  0.0  0.2  77208  5072 ?        S    11:14   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx      11719  0.0  0.2  77208  5072 ?        S    11:14   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       11723  0.0  0.0  12112  1088 pts/0    R+   11:14   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

关闭旧的nginx worker进程不关闭nginx主进程方便回滚
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid.oldbin
1393
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid
11717
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# kill -WINCH `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`
[root@localhost nginx-1.20.2]# ps -aux |grep nginx
root        1393  0.0  0.2  42572  3844 ?        Ss   09:12   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
root       11717  0.0  0.3  42464  5992 ?        S    11:14   0:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx      11718  0.0  0.2  77208  5072 ?        S    11:14   0:00 nginx: worker process
nginx      11719  0.0  0.2  77208  5072 ?        S    11:14   0:00 nginx: worker process
root       11867  0.0  0.0  12112  1088 pts/0    R+   11:21   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

长时间测试后新版本没有问题，最后退出老的master
kill -QUIT `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`
查看是否是新版
[root@localhost logs]# curl  -I 127.0.0.1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.20.2
Date: Tue, 03 Jan 2023 03:37:32 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Fri, 23 Dec 2022 09:09:48 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "63a5705c-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

[root@localhost logs]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.20.2



回滚
发现有问题可以重新拉起旧版的worker
kill -HUP `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`
[root@localhost logs]# kill -HUP `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`
[root@localhost logs]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root        1393       1  0 09:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
root       11717    1393  0 11:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx      11718   11717  0 11:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx      11719   11717  0 11:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx      12779    1393  0 11:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx      12780    1393  0 11:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root       12784    2502  0 11:31 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx

最后关闭新版的master
[root@localhost logs]# kill -QUIT `cat /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid`

[root@localhost logs]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root        1393       1  0 09:12 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx      12779    1393  0 11:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx      12780    1393  0 11:31 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process


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标签：00,--,root,apps,---,nginx,安装,localhost
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaozhang1995/p/17022373.html

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