ubuntu的网络配置

一、修改ubuntu主机名

root@ubuntu1804:~# hostnamectl set-hostname ubuntu1804.magedu.orgroot@ubuntu1804:~# cat /etc/hostnameubuntu1804.magedu.org

root@ubuntu1804:~# hostnameubuntu1804.magedu.org

root@ubuntu1804:~# echo $HOSTNAME

ubuntu1804

root@ubuntu1804:~# exit

logout

wang@ubuntu1804:~$ sudo -iroot@ubuntu1804:~# echo $HOSTNAMEubuntu1804.magedu.org

二、修改网卡名

#修改配置文件为下面形式

root@ubuntu1804:~#vi /etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0"

#或者sed修改

root@ubuntu1804:~# sed -i.bak '/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=/s#"$#net.ifnames=0"#'

/etc/default/grub

#生效新的grub.cfg文件

root@ubuntu1804:~# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

#或者

root@ubuntu1804:~# update-grub

root@ubuntu1804:~# grep net.ifnames /boot/grub/grub.cfg

linux /vmlinuz-4.15.0-96-generic root=UUID=51517b88-7e2b-4d4a-8c14-
fe1a48ba153c ro net.ifnames=0linux /vmlinuz-4.15.0-96-generic root=UUID=51517b88-7e2b-4d4a-
8c14-fe1a48ba153c ro net.ifnames=0linux /vmlinuz-4.15.0-96-generic root=UUID=51517b88-7e2b-4d4a-
8c14-fe1a48ba153c ro recovery nomodeset net.ifnames=0linux /vmlinuz-4.15.0-76-generic root=UUID=51517b88-7e2b-4d4a-
8c14-fe1a48ba153c ro net.ifnames=0linux /vmlinuz-4.15.0-76-generic root=UUID=51517b88-7e2b-4d4a-
8c14-fe1a48ba153c ro recovery nomodeset net.ifnames=0#重启生效

root@ubuntu1804:~# reboot

三、修改网卡配置文件

yaml的网卡配置文件有着严格的缩进，

root@ubuntu1804:~#vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

network:

  version: 2

  renderer: networkd

ethernets:

eth0:

addresses: [192.168.8.10/24,10.0.0.10/8]

#或者用下面两行,两种格式不能混用

- 192.168.8.10/24

- 10.0.0.10/8

gateway4: 192.168.8.1

nameservers:

search: [magedu.com, magedu.org]

addresses: [180.76.76.76, 8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]

修改网卡配置文件之后执行命令生效：

root@ubuntu1804:~#netplan apply

查看IP和getway

​root@ubuntu1804:~#ip addr

root@ubuntu1804:~#route -n

查看dns：

​root@ubuntu1804:~#ls -l /etc/resolv.conflrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Dec 12 11:36 /etc/resolv.conf ->../run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf

root@ubuntu1804:~# systemd-resolve --status

或者：

 resolvectl dns​

修改IP及配置路由：

​root@ubuntu1804:~#vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).network:

version: 2renderer: networkd

ethernets:

eth0:

dhcp4: no

dhcp6: no

addresses: [10.0.0.18/16]

gateway4: 10.0.0.2

nameservers:

addresses: [223.6.6.6]

eth1:

dhcp4: no

dhcp6: no

addresses: [10.20.0.18/16]

routes:

- to: 10.30.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1

- to: 10.40.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1

- to: 10.50.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1

- to: 10.60.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1

root@ubuntu1804:~#netplan applyroot@ubuntu1804:~#route -nKernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

10.20.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

10.30.0.0 10.20.0.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

10.40.0.0 10.20.0.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

10.50.0.0 10.20.0.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

10.60.0.0 10.20.0.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

也可以双网卡双文件：

​#或者每个网卡各自一个配置文件

root@ubuntu1804:/etc/netplan# ls

01-netcfg.yaml 02-eth1.yaml
root@ubuntu1804:/etc/netplan# cat 01-netcfg.yaml

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system

# For more information, see netplan(5).

network:
version: 2renderer: networkd
ethernets:
eth0:
dhcp4: yes

root@ubuntu1804:/etc/netplan# cat 02-eth1.yaml

network:
version: 2renderer: networkd

thernets:

eth1:

addresses:

- 10.20.0.11/16

- 192.168.0.11/24

gateway4: 10.0.0.2

nameservers:

search: [magedu.com, magedu.org]

addresses: [180.76.76.76, 8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]

routes:

- to: 10.30.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1

- to: 10.40.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1

- to: 10.50.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1

- to: 10.60.0.0/16

via: 10.20.0.1