Oracle单机环境打补丁（Oracle 19.3.0.0打RU补丁）

1. 查看当前数据库版本信息
	[oracle@oracle19c ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
	[oracle@oracle19c dbhome_1]$ ./OPatch/opatch lspatches
	29585399;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)
	29517242;Database Release Update : 19.3.0.0.190416 (29517242)
2. 替换Opatch
	[root@oracle19c patch]# cd /opt/sws/
	[root@oracle19c sws]# ll
	total 1850188
	-rwxr-x--- 1 root root 1769419773 Sep  9 19:07 p35320081_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
	-rwxr-x--- 1 root root  125167420 Sep  9 19:07 p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
	[root@oracle19c sws]# chown oracle.oinstall p*

	[oracle@oracle19c dbhome_1]$ mv OPatch OPatch.bak 

	[oracle@oracle19c dbhome_1]$ unzip /opt/sws/p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip 
	[oracle@oracle19c dbhome_1]$ ls |grep OPatch
	OPatch
	OPatch.bak

	[oracle@oracle19c dbhome_1]$ ./OPatch/opatch version
	OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.39
	OPatch succeeded.

3. 关闭数据库监听和实例
	[oracle@oracle19c dbhome_1]$ lsnrctl stop
	SQL>shudown immediate;

	#如果不关闭实例会报如下的错误
	[oracle@oracle19c 35320081]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply                                          
	Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.39
	Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
	Oracle Home       : /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
	Central Inventory : /opt/oracle/oraInventory
	   from           : /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
	OPatch version    : 12.2.0.1.39
	OUI version       : 12.2.0.7.0
	Log file location : /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-09-09_19-21-33PM_1.log
	Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
	Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
	The details are:
	Following active files/executables/libs are used by ORACLE_HOME :/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
	/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/bin/oracle

	UtilSession failed: Prerequisite check "CheckActiveFilesAndExecutables" failed.
	Log file location: /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-09-09_19-21-33PM_1.log

	OPatch failed with error code 73

4. 打补丁
	[root@oracle19c sws]# cd /opt/sws/
	[root@oracle19c sws]# unzip p35320081_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip
	[root@oracle19c sws]# chown -R oracle.oinstall 35320081
	[root@oracle19c sws]# su - oracle 
	[oracle@oracle19c ~]$ cd /opt/sws/35320081/

	[oracle@oracle19c 35320081]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckSystemSpace -ph ./ 
	[oracle@oracle19c 35320081]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail  -ph ./
	[oracle@oracle19c 35320081]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply
	Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.39
	Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.
	Oracle Home       : /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1
	Central Inventory : /opt/oracle/oraInventory
	   from           : /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc
	OPatch version    : 12.2.0.1.39
	OUI version       : 12.2.0.7.0
	Log file location : /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-09-09_19-25-53PM_1.log
	Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
	OPatch continues with these patches:   35320081  
	Do you want to proceed? [y|n]
	y
	User Responded with: Y
	All checks passed.

	Please shutdown Oracle instances running out of this ORACLE_HOME on the local system.
	(Oracle Home = '/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1')
	Is the local system ready for patching? [y|n]
	y
	User Responded with: Y
	Backing up files...
	Applying interim patch '35320081' to OH '/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1'
	ApplySession: Optional component(s) [ oracle.network.gsm, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.ic, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4db2, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.tfa, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4msql, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.options.olap, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ons.cclient, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.network.cman, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4ifmx, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4sybs, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.net.cman, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.rdbms.tg4tera, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.sdo.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.oid.client, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.xdk.companion, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.ons.eons.bwcompat, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.options.olap.api, 19.0.0.0.0 ] , [ oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.191.0 ]  not present in the Oracle Home or a higher version is found.
	Patching component oracle.rdbms, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.rdbms.util, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.blaslapack, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.buildtools.rsf, 19.0.0.0.0...
	…  …  …
	Patching component oracle.javavm.server, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.rdbms.hs_common, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.odbc, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.precomp.lang, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.precomp.common, 19.0.0.0.0...
	Patching component oracle.jdk, 1.8.0.201.0...
	Patch 35320081 successfully applied.
	Sub-set patch [29517242] has become inactive due to the application of a super-set patch [35320081].
	Please refer to Doc ID 2161861.1 for any possible further required actions.
	Log file location: /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2024-09-09_19-25-53PM_1.log
	OPatch succeeded.
5. 查看补丁
	[oracle@oracle19c 35320081]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lspatches
	35320081;Database Release Update : 19.20.0.0.230718 (35320081)
	29585399;OCW RELEASE UPDATE 19.3.0.0.0 (29585399)
6. 启动数据库
	[oracle@oracle19c 35320081]$ sqlplus /nolog
	SQL> connect / as sysdba
	SQL> startup
7. Post-patch操作
	a. 运行datapatch
	[oracle@oracle19c 35320081]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
	[oracle@oracle19c OPatch]$ ./datapatch -verbose
	b. 检查日志是否有错
	c. 编译无效对象
		i. 普通数据库执行编译无效对象
		cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin 
		SQL>@utlrp.sql
		ii. 可插拔数据库revalidate 无效对象
		export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
		cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
		$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl -n 1 -e -b utlrp -d $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin utlrp.sql
		d. 更新rman catalog
		$ rman catalog system/oracle@alias
		RMAN> UPGRADE CATALOG;
		RMAN> UPGRADE CATALOG;
		RMAN> EXIT;