MySQL官方使用手册（自译）

Chatper 1 Overview Of MySQL DBMS

what is MySQL

MySQL, the most popular Open Source SQL database management system, is developed, distributed, and supported by Oracle Corporation.The MySQL website (http://www.mysql.com/) provides the latest information about MySQL software.

MySQL 是最受欢迎的开源SQL数据库管理系统，由Oracle公司开发，发行并提供技术支持。MySQL的官网(http://www.mysql.com/)提供了关于MySQL软件的最新信息。

• MySQL is a database management system.

  A database is a structured collection of data. It may be anything from a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or the vast amounts of information in a corporate network. To add, access, and process data stored in a computer database, you need a database management system such as MySQL Server. Since computers are very good at handling large amounts of data, database management systems play a central role in computing, as standalone utilities, or as parts of other applications.

　　　　MySQL是一个数据库管理系统，数据库是一个系列结构化的数据。他可能存储的是任意数据从一个简单的购物清单到图片库或海量公司网络的信息。因此，访问和使用存储在电脑数据库中的数据，你需要一个数据库管理系统（DBMS）如MySQL Server。自从计算机在处理海量数据表现优越开始，DBMS在其中发挥了一个极其重要的角色，如独立使用程序或其他部分应用。

• MySQL databases are relational.

  A relational database stores data in separate tables rather than putting all the data in one big storeroom. The database structures are organized into physical files optimized for speed. The logical model, with objects such as databases, tables, views, rows, and columns, offers a flexible programming environment. You set up rules governing the relationships between different data fields, such as one-to-one, one-to-many, unique, required or optional, and “pointers” between different tables. The database enforces these rules, so that with a well-designed database, your application never sees inconsistent, duplicate, orphan, out-of-date, or missing data.

  The SQL part of “MySQL” stands for “Structured Query Language”. SQL is the most common standardized language used to access databases. Depending on your programming environment, you might enter SQL directly (for example, to generate reports), embed SQL statements into code written in another language, or use a language-specific API that hides the SQL syntax.

  SQL is defined by the ANSI/ISO SQL Standard. The SQL standard has been evolving since 1986 and several versions exist. In this manual, “SQL-92” refers to the standard released in 1992, “SQL:1999” refers to the standard released in 1999, and “SQL:2003” refers to the current version of the standard. We use the phrase “the SQL standard” to mean the current version of the SQL Standard at any time.

　　　　MySQL是一个关系型数据库,其存储数据在不同的表中而不是将所有数据存入一个在一起（一个大的存储室）。数据库结构被有组织的存入物理文件，优化了速度（查询）。逻辑模块，用对象如数据库，表，视图，行，列提供了一个灵活的变成环境。你可以设置不同字段间的关系规则如一对一，一对多，唯一，必填或可选，以及不同表中的指针关系。数据库严格执行这些规则，因此在一个设计合理的数据库中，你的应用绝不会看到相同，重复，无用，过时或丢失数据。MySQL中的SQL表示的是结构化查询语言。SQL是访问数据库最常用的标准化语言。根据你的编程环境，你可能直接使用SQL（例如生成报告），嵌入到其他语言的代码中或使用一个语言的API隐藏SQL语句。SQL由ANSI/ISO SQL标准制定，其从1986开始发展存在众多版本。在这个手册中，“SQL-92”表示引用1992年的发行标准，“SQL-99”则是1999年的，“SQL:2003”则是当前版本标准。手册中使用“SQL标准”表示当前任意时间的版本。

• MySQL software is Open Source.

  Open Source means that it is possible for anyone to use and modify the software. Anybody can download the MySQL software from the Internet and use it without paying anything. If you wish, you may study the source code and change it to suit your needs. The MySQL software uses the GPL (GNU General Public License), http://www.fsf.org/licenses/, to define what you may and may not do with the software in different situations. If you feel uncomfortable with the GPL or need to embed MySQL code into a commercial application, you can buy a commercially licensed version from us. See the MySQL Licensing Overview for more information (http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/).

　　　　MySQL是开源的，这意味着这个软件可以被让任何人修改。任何人都可以无偿的从网络上下载和使用MySQL.如果你想，你可以学习源码然后更改以满足你的需求。MySQL使用GPL规定了不同情况下的用法，如果你有超出指定的需求或是在商业软件代码中使用MySQL代码，你可以从US购买商业资格版本。查阅MySQL执照总览获取更多信息(http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/).

• The MySQL Database Server is very fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use.

  If that is what you are looking for, you should give it a try. MySQL Server can run comfortably on a desktop or laptop, alongside your other applications, web servers, and so on, requiring little or no attention. If you dedicate an entire machine to MySQL, you can adjust the settings to take advantage of all the memory, CPU power, and I/O capacity available. MySQL can also scale up to clusters of machines, networked together.

  MySQL Server was originally developed to handle large databases much faster than existing solutions and has been successfully used in highly demanding production environments for several years. Although under constant development, MySQL Server today offers a rich and useful set of functions. Its connectivity, speed, and security make MySQL Server highly suited for accessing databases on the Internet.

  MySQL数据库服务器快可靠，可升级且易使用。如果这些符合您的期望，可以尝试使用MySQL，它可以稳定的在台式或笔记本上运行，除此之外，你的其他应用，网站服务等等都能兼顾。如果你将整台机器都专用于MySQL，你可以调整设置来优化内存、CPU能力和I/O可以容量。MySQL也可以升级成集群方式连接。

• MySQL Server works in client/server or embedded systems.

　　The MySQL Database Software is a client/server system that consists of a multithreaded SQL server that supports different back ends, several different client programs and libraries, administrative tools, and a wide range of application programming interfaces (APIs).

We also provide MySQL Server as an embedded multithreaded library that you can link into your application to get a smaller, faster, easier-to-manage standalone product.

　　MySQL服务器在客户/服务端和嵌入式系统都可以使用，它是一个C/S系统包含多线程SQL服务支持不同的后端，多个不同客户程序和库、行政工具和各种API。MySQL也提供了嵌入式多线程库，因此你可以连接你的应用获得更小、更快、更易于管理的独立产品。

• MySQL HeatWave.

  MySQL HeatWave is a fully managed database service, powered by the HeatWave in-memory query accelerator. It is the only cloud service that combines transactions, real-time analytics across data warehouses and data lakes, and machine learning in one MySQL Database; without the complexity, latency, risks, and cost of ETL duplication. It is available on OCI, AWS, and Azure. Learn more at: https://www.oracle.com/mysql/.

　　　MySQL HeatWave是一个完全托管的数据库服务，由HeatWave内存查询加速器提供支持。它是唯一一种将事务、跨数据仓库和数据湖的实时分析以及机器学习整合到一个 MySQL 数据库中的云服务，而无需重复 ETL 的复杂性、延迟、风险和成本。它可在 OCI、AWS 和 Azure 上使用。了解更多信息，请访问：https://www.oracle.com/mysql/。

• A large amount of contributed MySQL software is available.

  MySQL Server has a practical set of features developed in close cooperation with our users. It is very likely that your favorite application or language supports the MySQL Database Server.

　The official way to pronounce “MySQL” is “My Ess Que Ell” (not “my sequel”), but we do not mind if you pronounce it as “my sequel” or in some other localized way.