django搭建平台实战教程一：生成数据库数据

首先需要创建一个django-rest-framework项目，如何创建可以参考https://www.django-rest-framework.org/tutorial/quickstart/，不再赘述。

创建完结构如图所示

settings.py配置mysql数据库

...
DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.mysql",
        "NAME": "demo1",
        "USER": "root",
        "PASSWORD": "",
        "HOST": "127.0.0.1",
        "PORT": "3306",
        "CHARSET": "utf8mb4"
    }
}

由于官方用mysql包mysqlclient问题比较多，用pymysql可以替代，根目录__init__.py加入代码

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

models.py加一个DUSER类，参数放原生库没有的数据

from datetime import datetime

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

# Create your models here.

class InfoMixin(models.Model):
    _create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    delete_time = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class DUser(User,InfoMixin):
    extra = models.JSONField(max_length=999, default=dict)

serializers.py根据表字段定义序列化程序。

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from rest_framework import serializers

from demo.authen.models import DUser


class DUserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = DUser
        fields = ['url', 'username', 'email','extra','update_time','_create_time']


class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Group
        fields = ['url', 'name']

views.py定义接口使用的表，serializers，认证权限

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
from rest_framework import permissions
from demo.authen.serializers import DUserSerializer, GroupSerializer
from demo.authen.models import DUser

class DUserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = DUser.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
    serializer_class = DUserSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]


class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = Group.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GroupSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]

urls.py编写url路由适配view

from django.urls import include, path
from rest_framework import routers
from demo.authen import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.DUserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)

# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')),
]

模块加入settings

...
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'demo.authen.apps.AuthenConfig',
    ...
]

apps.py修改下name

from django.apps import AppConfig


class AuthenConfig(AppConfig):
    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
    name = 'demo.authen'

运行迁移数据库命令

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

django对于model层的配置基本完成，访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/登录后就可以使用接口

下一篇文章学习编写controller层的代码，实现用户注册和登录，以及判断登录权限。