关闭防火墙和selinux
1、编译安装mysql5.7
1、清理安装环境:
# yum erase mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-libs mariadb-devel -y
# userdel -r mysql
# rm -rf /etc/my*
# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
2、创建mysql用户
[root@mysql-server ~]# useradd -r mysql -M -s /bin/false
#-M -s /bin/false ---目的???
3、从官网下载tar包
[root@mysql-server ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.27.tar.gz
4、安装编译工具
# yum -y install ncurses ncurses-devel openssl-devel bison gcc gcc-c++ make
cmake:
# yum -y install cmake
5、创建mysql目录
[root@mysql-server ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/{data,mysql,log}
6、解压
[root@mysql-server ~]# tar xzvf mysql-boost-5.7.27.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
注:如果安装的MySQL5.7及以上的版本,在编译安装之前需要安装boost,因为高版本mysql需要boots库的安装才可以正常运行。否则会报CMake Error at cmake/boost.cmake:81错误
安装包里面自带boost包
Boost库是为C++语言标准库提供扩展的一些C++程序库
7、编译安装
cd 解压的mysql目录
[root@mysql-server ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-5.7.27/
[root@mysql-server mysql-5.7.27]# cmake . \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost/boost_1_59_0/ \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
提示:boost也可以使用如下指令自动下载,如果不下载bost压缩包,把下面的这一条添加到配置中第二行
-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1/
参数详解:
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ 安装目录
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ 配置文件存放 (默认可以不安装配置文件)
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ 数据目录 错误日志文件也会在这个目录
-DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man \ 帮助文档
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \ 默认端口
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \ sock文件位置,用来做网络通信的,客户端连接服务器的时候用
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ 默认字符集。字符集的支持,可以调
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ 扩展的字符集支持所有的
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ 支持的
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \ 上下翻历史命令
-DWITH_SSL=system \ 使用私钥和证书登陆(公钥) 可以加密。 适用与长连接。坏处:速度慢
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ 嵌入式数据库
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ 从本地倒入数据,不是备份和恢复。
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 默认的存储引擎,支持外键
[root@mysql-server mysql-5.7.27]# make && make install
如果安装出错,想重新安装:
不用重新解压,只需要删除安装目录中的缓存文件CMakeCache.txt
**需要很长时间!**大约半小时
8、初始化
[root@mysql-server mysql-5.7.27]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql-server mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@mysql-server mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data ---初始化完成之后,一定要记住提示最后的密码用于登陆或者修改密码
2720C+Xa:E+j
初始化,只需要初始化一次
[root@mysql-server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf ---将文件中所有内容注释掉在添加如下内容
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql #指定安装目录
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data #指定数据存放目录
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
参数详解:
[client]
# 默认连接端口
port = 3306
# 用于本地连接的socket套接字
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# 编码
default-character-set = utf8
[mysqld]
# 服务端口号,默认3306
port = 3306
# mysql启动用户
user = mysql
# mysql安装根目录
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
# mysql数据文件所在位置
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# 为MySQL客户端程序和服务器之间的本地通讯指定一个套接字文件
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# 数据库默认字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符号(特殊表情符占用4个字节)
character_set_server = utf8
9、启动mysql
[root@mysql-server ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql-server mysql]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
10、登录mysql
[root@mysql-server mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p'2720C+Xa:E+j'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.27
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
11、修改密码
[root@mysql-server mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p'2720C+Xa:E+j' password 'QianFeng@123'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
12、添加环境变量
[root@mysql-server mysql]# vim /etc/profile ---添加如下
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@mysql-server mysql]# source /etc/profile
之后就可以在任何地方使用mysql命令登陆Mysql服务器:
[root@mysql-server mysql]# mysql --version
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.27, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
[root@mysql-server mysql]# mysql -uroot -p'QianFeng@123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.27 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>exit
13、配置mysqld服务的管理工具:
[root@mysql-server mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
[root@mysql-server support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mysql-server support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld ????
[root@mysql-server support-files]# chkconfig mysqld on
先将原来的进程杀掉
[root@mysql-server ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql-server ~]# netstat -lntp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1087/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1087/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 31249/mysqld
[root@mysql-server ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
14、安装后忘记登录密码
1. 检查mysql服务是否启动,如果启动,关闭mysql服务
运行命令:ps -ef | grep -i mysql
关闭mysql:systemctl stop mysqld
2.修改mysql的配置文件my.conf
一般在/etc目录下,运行命令:vi /etc/my.cnf,编辑文件
然后wq!保存退出。并重启mysql
sytemctl restart mysqld
3、进入数据库
mysql -u root
4、修改密码
运行语句:use mysql;
继续运行语句:update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('root_password') where user='root';
root_password替换成你想要的密码
把步骤2加的东西删除掉,在重启服务器,就可以使用刚才修改的密码登录进服务器了。
mysql -u root -p
数据库编译安装完成.
2、yum安装方式
关闭防火墙和selinux
mysql的官方网站:www.mysql.com
拉到底
下载
[root@mysql-server ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
或者下载到本地上传到服务器
2.安装mysql的yum仓库
[root@mysql-server ~]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
[root@mysql-server ~]# yum -y install yum-utils #安装yum工具包
3、配置yum源
[root@mysql-server ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo #修改如下
1表示开启,0表示关闭
或者
# yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community 将禁用的yum源库启用
# yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community 将启用的yum源库禁用
4、安装数据库
[root@mysql-server ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server
启动服务
[root@mysql-server ~]# systemctl start mysqld
设置开机启动
[root@mysql-server ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
5、查找密码
密码保存在日志文件中
[root@mysql-server ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-08-18T14:03:51.991454Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: woHtkMgau9,w
扩展
通过配置文件设置密码强度
[root@mysql-server ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf #在最后添加如下内容
validate_password=off
[root@mysql-server ~]# systemctl restart mysqld #重启mysql生效
可以用第二种方式修改为简单的密码:
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p'QianFeng@123' password 'qf123'
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@mysql-server ~]# mysql -uroot -pqf123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.27 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
编译安装:
# ls
COPYING README bin include mysql-test support-files
COPYING-test README-test docs lib share
1、bin目录
用于放置一些可执行文件,如mysql、mysqld、mysqlbinlog等。
2、include目录
用于放置一些头文件,如:mysql.h、mysql_ername.h等。
3、lib目录
用于放置一系列库文件。
4、share目录
用于存放字符集、语言等信息。
yum安装:
/var/lib/mysql #存放数据文件
/usr/share/mysql #用于存放字符集、语言等信息。